Search results

Filters

  • Journals
  • Authors
  • Keywords
  • Date
  • Type

Search results

Number of results: 15
items per page: 25 50 75
Sort by:
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

A356 is one of the widely used aluminium casting alloy that has been used in both sand and die casting processes. Large amounts of scrap

metal can be generated from the runner systems and feeders. In addition, chips are generated in the machined parts. The surface area with

regard to weight of chips is so high that it makes these scraps difficult to melt. Although there are several techniques evolved to remedy

this problem, yet the problem lies in the quality of the recycled raw material. Since recycling of these scrap is quite important due to the

advantages like energy saving and cost reduction in the final product, in this work, the recycling efficiency and casting quality were

investigated. Three types of charges were prepared for casting: %100 primary ingot, %100 scrap aluminium and fifty-fifty scrap

aluminium and primary ingot mixture were used. Melt quality was determined by calculating bifilm index by using reduced pressure test.

Tensile test samples were produced by casting both from sand and die moulds. Relationship between bifilm index and tensile strength were

determined as an indication of correlation of melt quality. It was found that untreated chips decrease the casting quality significantly.

Therefore, prior to charging the chips into the furnace for melting, a series of cleaning processes has to be used in order to achieve good

quality products.

Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

C. Yuksel
O. Tamer
E. Erzi
U. Aybarc
E. Cubuklusu
O. Topcuoglu
M. Cigdem
D. Dispinar
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

Electron beam melting(EBM) is a useful technique to obtain high-purity metal ingots. It is also used for melting refractory metals such as tantalum, which require melting techniques employing a high-energy heat source. Drawing is a method which is used to convert the ingot into a wire shape. The required thickness of the wire is achieved by drawing the ingot from a drawing die with a hole of similar size. This process is used to achieve high purity tantalum springs, which are an essential component of lithography lamp in semiconductor manufacturing process. Moreover, high-purity tantalum is used in other applications such as sputtering targets for semiconductors. Studies related to recycling of tantalum from these components have not been carried out until now. The recycling of tantalum is vital for environmental and economic reasons. In order to obtain high-purity tantalum ingot, in this study impurities contained in the scrap were removed by electron beam melting after pre-treatment using aqua regia. The purity of the ingot was then analyzed to be more than 4N5 (99.995%). Subsequently, drawing was performed using the rod melted by electron beam melting. Owing to continuous drawing, the diameter of the tantalum wire decreased to 0.5 mm from 9 mm. The hardness and oxygen concentration of the tantalum ingot were 149 Hv and less than 300 ppm, respectively, whereas the hardness of the tantalum wire was 232.12 Hv. In conclusion, 4N5 grade tantalum wire was successfully fabricated from tantalum scrap by EBM and drawing techniques. Furthermore, procedure to successfully recycle Tantalum from scraps was established.

Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Ji-Won Yu
Sang-Hoon Choi
Jae-Jin Sim
Jae-Hong Lim
Kyoung-Deok Seo
Soong-Keon Hyun
Tae-Youb Kim
Bon-Woo Gu
Kyoung-Tae Park
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

The authors established the chemical and phase compositions of grain fractions of the magnesia carbon scrap disintegrated using industrial cone crushers. The investigations included chemical and XRD analyses and optical investigations. The contents of admixtures: SiO2, CaO, Fe2O3 and Al2O3 increase with the decreasing size of the scrap grain fractions, whereas the C/S ratio decreases in finer and finer fractions due to changes of the phase composition. These relations are caused by the presence of low-fusible silicate phases, characterized by their cleavage and brittleness. Such phases were mainly derived from the graphite ash containing a high silica content. The scrap after removing its finest grain fractions can be recycled and utilized for producing the magnesia-carbon refractory materials. However, the finest grain fractions may be used, e.g. as a component of gunite mixes. Many years of experience collected by the ArcelorMittal Refractories Ltd., Krakow, Poland in the field of refractory scrap utilization has also been presented.

Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Czesław Goławski
Andrzej Kielski
Lucyna Obszyńska
Piotr Wyszomirski
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

In this paper results of microstructural observations for series of CuZn39Pb2 alloys produced from qualified scraps are presented. The individual alloy melts were differentiated in terms of thermal parameters of continuous casting as well as refining methods and modifications. Structural observations performed by SEM and TEM revealed formation of different types of intermetallic phases including “hard particles”. EDS results show that “hard particles” are enrich in silicon, phosphorus, iron, chromium and nickel elements. Additionally, formation of Al-Fe-Si and Al-Cr in alloy melts was observed as well. It was found that quantity and morphology of intermetallic phases strongly depends upon the chemical composition of raw materials, process parameters, modifiers and refining procedure applied during casting. It was observed that refining process results in very effective refinement of intermetallic phases, whereas modifiers, particularly carbon-based, results in formation of large particles in the microstructure.

Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

A.W. Bydałek
A. Kula
L. Błaż
K. Najman
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

Ferrotitanium can be produced as a method of recycling Ti scraps. The eutectic composition of ferrotitanium, Fe29.5Ti70.5, can be obtained as a nanocrystalline phase due to relatively low melting point. Fe29.5Ti70.5 in which FeTi and β-Ti form a lamellar structure have high strength but low strain. To improve this, impurities were removed through hydrogen plasma arc melting (HPAM) and annealed. HPAM can remove substitutional/interstitial solid solutions. As a result, from 6733 ppm to 4573 ppm of initial impurities were removed by HPAM process. In addition, the strain was improved by spheroidizing and coarsening the lamellar structure through annealing. The effect of impurities removed through HPAM on the Young’s modulus, yield strength, and strain was observed.
Go to article

Bibliography

[1] J.M. Park, D.H. Kim, K.B. Kim, N. Mattern, J. Eckert, J. Mater. Res. 26, 365 (2011).
[2] M. Dao, L. Lu, R. Asaro, J.T. M. De Hosson, E. Ma, Acta Mater. 55, 4041 (2007).
[3] K . Bensadok, S. Benammar, F. Lapicque, G. Nezzal, J. Hazard. Mater. 152, 423 (2008).
[4] J. Chae, J.-M. Oh, S. Yoo, J.-W. Lim, Korean J. Met. Mater. 57, 569 (2019).
[5] J.-M. Oh, K.-M. Roh, J.-W. Lim, J. Hydrog. Energy 41, 23033 (2016).
[6] J.-M. Oh, B.-K. Lee, C.-Y. Suh, J.-W. Lim, J. Alloy. Compd. 574, 1 (2013).
[7] J.-W. Lim, G.-S. Choi, K. Mimura, M. Isshiki, Met. Mater. Int. 14, 539 (2008).
[8] K . Mimura, S.-W. Lee, M. Ishiki, J. Alloy. Compd. 211, 267 (1995).
[9] M.W. Chase Jr, W. Malcom, NIST-JANAF Thermochemical Table, 4th ed, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Deta, Mohograph 9, 154, 1537, 1759, 1776 (1995).
[10] J. Das, K. Kim, F. Baier, W. Lӧser, J. Eckert, Appl. Phys. Lett. 87, 161907 (2005).
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Suhwan Yoo
1
Jung-Min Oh
1
Jaeyeol Yang
2
Jaesik Yoon
2
Jae-Won Lim
1

  1. Jeonbuk National University, Division of Advanced Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
  2. Korea Basic Science Institute, Division of Earth and Environmental Science, Cheongju 28119, Republic of Korea
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

Nowadays, the most popular production method for manufacturing high quality casts of aluminium alloys is the hot and cold chamber die casting. Die casts made of hypereutectoid silumin Silafont 36 AlSi9Mg are used for construction elements in the automotive industry. The influence of the metal input and circulating scrap proportion on porosity and mechanical properties of the cast has been examined and the results have been shown in this article. A little porosity in samples has not influenced the details strength and the addition of the circulating scrap has contributed to the growth of the maximum tensile force. Introducing 80% of the circulating scrap has caused great porosity which led to reduce the strength of the detail. The proportion of 40% of the metal input and 60% of the circulating scrap is a configuration safe for the details quality in terms of porosity and mechanical strength.

Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

P. Schlafka
A.W. Bydałek
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

Steel and cast-iron products, due to their low price and beneficial properties, are the most widely used among metals; their consumption has become an indicator of the economic development of countries. The characteristics of iron raw materials, in relation to current metallurgical requirements, are presented in the present this article. The globalization of the trade and development of steelmaking technologies have caused significant changes in the quality of raw materials in the last half-century forcing improvements in processing technologies. In many countries, standard concentrates (at least 60% Fe) are almost twice as rich as those processed in the mid-20th century. Methods of quality assessment have been improved and quality standards tightened.

The quality requirements for the most important raw materials ‒ iron ores and concentrates, steel scrap, major alloy metals, coking coal, and coke, as well as gas and other energy media ‒ are reviewed in the present paper. Particular attention is paid to the quality testing methodology. The quality of many raw materials is evaluated multi-parametrically: both chemical and physical characteristics are important. Lower-quality parameters in raw materials equate to significantly lower prices obtained by suppliers in the market.

The markets for these raw materials are diversified and governed by separate sets of newly introduced rules. Price benchmarks (e.g. for standard Australian metallurgical coal) or indices (for iron concentrates) apply. Some raw materials are quoted within the framework of the commodity market system (certain alloying components and steel scrap). The abandonment of the long-established system of multi-annual contracts has led to wide fluctuations in prices, which have reached a scale similar to that of other metals.

Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Mariusz Krzak
Andrzej Paulo
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

The purposes of this study were to investigate the impact of proportions of cast iron scrap, steel scrap, carbon and ferro silicon on hardness and the quality of cast iron and to obtain an appropriate proportion of the four components in iron casting process using a mixture experimental design, analysis of variance and response surface methodology coupled with desirability function. Monte Carlo simulation was used to demonstrate the impacts of different proportions of the four components by varying the proportions of components within ±5% of the four components. Microstructures of the cast iron sample obtained from a company and the cast iron samples casted with the appropriate proportions of the four components were examined to see the differences of size and spacing of pearlite particle. The results showed that linear mixture components were statistically significant implying a high proportion of total variability for hardness of the cast iron samples explained by the casting mixtures of raw materials. The graphite of the sample casted from the appropriate proportion has shorter length and more uniform distribution than that from the company. When varying percentages of the four components within ±5% of the appropriate proportion, simulated hardness values were in the range of 237 to 256 HB.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

C. Saikaew
1
ORCID: ORCID
S. Harnsopa
1

  1. Department of Industrial Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002 Thailand
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

Production waste is one of the major sources of aluminium for recycling. Depending on the waste sources, it can be directly melted in furnaces, pre-cleaned and then melted, or due to the small size of the material (powder or dust) left without remelting. The latter form of waste includes chips formed during mechanical cutting (sawing) of aluminium and its alloys. In this study, this type of chips (with the dimensions not exceeding 1 mm) were melted. The obtained results of laboratory tests have indicated that even chips of such small sizes pressed into cylindrical compacts can be remelted. The high recovery yield (up to 94 %) and degree of metal coalescence (up to 100 %) were achieved via thermal removal of impurities under controlled conditions of a gas atmosphere (argon or/and air), followed with consolidation of chips at a pressure of minimum 170 MPa and melting at 750 oC with NaCl-KCl-Na3AlF6 salt flux.

Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

P. Palimąka
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

This study investigated the effect of flux type and amounts on recovery behavior of aluminum alloy during the melting process of Al can scrap. The heat treatment was conducted to remove the coating layer on the surface of can scrap at 500°C for 30 min. The molten metal treatment of the scrap was performed at 750°C in a high-frequency induction furnace with different flux types and amounts. It was observed that the optimum condition for recovery of Al alloy was to add about 3 wt.% flux with a salt and MgCl2 mixing ratio of 70:30 during melting process. The mechanical properties of recovered Al alloy were about 254.8 MPa, which is similar to that of the virgin Al5083 alloy.
Go to article

Bibliography

[1] Y. Nam, J. Choi, Y.-C. Jang, J.-H. Lee, J. of Korea Society of Waste Management 33 (1), 29 (2016).
[2] E .-K. Jeon, J.-Y. Park, I.-M. Park, J. Korea Foundry Society 27 (1), 20 (2007).
[3] V . Güley, N. Ben Khalifa, A.E. Tekkaya, Int. J. Mater. Form. 3, 853 (2010).
[4] J. Cui, H.J. Roven, Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China 20, 2057 (2010).
[5] M .A. Rabah, Waste Manage. 23, 173 (2003).
[6] S .N. Ab Rahim, M.A. Lajis, S. Ariffin, Procedia CIRP 26, 761 (2015).
[7] S . Capuzzi, G. Timelli, Metals 8, 249 (2018).
[8] A. Abdulkadir, A. Ajayi, M.I. Hassan, Energy Procedia 75, 2009 (2015).
[9] C. Han, S.H. Son, B.-D. Ahn, D.-G. Kim, M.S. Lee, Y.H. Kim, J. of Korean Inst. of Resources Recycling 26 (4), 71 (2017).
[10] M .A Bae, H.D. Kim, M.S. Lee, J. Korea Acad. Industr. Coop. Soc. 14 (10), 4672 (2013).
[11] S .O. Adeosun, M.A. Usman, W.A. Ayoola, I.O. Sekunowo, ISRN Polymer Sci. 2012, 1 (2012).
[12] T.A. Utigard, K. Friesen, R.R. Roy, J. Lim, A. Silny, C. Dupuis, JOM 50, 38 (1998).
[13] D. Bajarea, A. Korjakinsa, J. Kazjonovsa, I. Rozenstrauhab, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 32 (1), 141 (2012).
[14] O . Majidi, S.G. Shabestari, M.R. Aboutalebi, J. Mater. Process. Technol. 182, 450 (2007).
[15] S . Begum, J. Chem. Soc. Pak. 35 (6), 1490 (2013).
[16] B. Wan, W. Li, F. Liu, T. Lu, S. Jin, K. Wang, A. Yi, J. Tian, W. Chen, J. Mater. Res. Technol. 9 (3), 3447 (2020).
[17] J.H. L. V. Linden, D.L. Stewart Jr., Essential Readings in Light Metals 3, 173 (2013).
[18] T.A. Utigard, R.R. Roy, K. Friesen, High Temp. Mater. Process. 20, 303 (2001).
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Chulwoong Han
1
ORCID: ORCID
Yong Hwan Kim
1
ORCID: ORCID
Dae Geun Kim
2
ORCID: ORCID
Man Seung Lee
3
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Research Institute of Advanced Manufacturing & Mat erials, 156 Gaetbeol Rd., Yeonsu-gu, Incheon,406-840, Korea
  2. Institute for Advanced Engineering Materials Science and Chemical Engineering Center , Korea
  3. Mokpo National University, Department of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Korea
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

Liquid metal extraction (LME) process results in 100% neodymium (Nd) extraction but the highest extraction efficiency reported for Dysprosium (Dy) so far is 74%. Oxidation of Dy is the major limiting factor for incomplete Dy extraction. In order to enhance the extraction efficiency and to further investigate the limiting factors for incomplete extraction, experiments were carried out on six different particle sizes of under 200 µm, 200-300 µm, 300-700 µm, 700-1000 µm, 1000-2000 µm and over 2000 µm at 900℃ with magnesium-to-magnet scrap ratio of 15:1 for 6, 24 and 48 hours, respectively. This research identified Dy2Fe17 in addition to Dy2O3 phase to be responsible for incomplete extraction. The relationship between Dy2Fe17 and Dy2O3 phase was investigated, and the overall extraction efficiency of Dy was enhanced to 97%.

Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Sun-Woo Nam
ORCID: ORCID
Mohammad Zarar Rasheed
ORCID: ORCID
Sang-Min Park
ORCID: ORCID
Sang-Hoon Lee
ORCID: ORCID
Do-Hyang Kim
Taek-Soo Kim
ORCID: ORCID
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

To increase their competitive advantage in turbulent marketplaces, contemporary manufacturers must show determination in seeking ways to: fulfill buyer orders with quality merchandise; meet deadlines; handle unexpected production disruptions; and lower the total relevant expense. To tackle the abovementioned challenges, this study explores an economic manufacturing quantity (EMQ) model with machine failure, overtime, and rework/disposal of nonconforming items; the goal is to find the best fabrication uptime that minimizes total relevant expenses. Specifically, we consider a production unit with overtime capacity as an operational feature that is linked to higher unit and setup costs. Further, its EMQ-based process is subject to random nonconforming items and failure rates. Extra screening separates the reworkable nonconforming items from scrap, and the rework is executed at the end of each cycle of regular fabrication. The failures follow a Poisson distribution, and a machine repair task starts as soon as a failure occurs; the fabrication of the lot that was interrupted resumes after the repair has been carried out. A decision model is built to capture the characteristics of the problem. Mathematical and optimization processes help in determining the optimal fabrication uptime. A numerical example not only illustrates the applicability of the research outcomes, but also reveals a diverse set of information about the individual or joint influences of deviations in mean-time-to-failure, overtime factors, and rework/disposal ratios linked to nonconforming rates related to the optimal replenishment uptime, total operating expenses, and various cost contributors; this facilitates better decision making.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Singa Wang Chiu
1
Tiffany Chiu
2
Yuan-Shyi Peter Chiu
3
Hong-Dar Lin
3

  1. Faculty of Business Administration, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung City 413, Taiwan
  2. Faculty of Anisfield School of Business, Ramapo College of New Jersey, Mahwah, NJ 07430, USA
  3. Faculty of Industrial Engineering & Management, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung City 413, Taiwan
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

An as-cast aluminum billet with a diameter of 100 mm has been successfully prepared from aluminum scrap by using direct chill (DC) casting method. This study aims to investigate the microstructure and mechanical properties of such as-cast billets. Four locations along a cross-section of the as-cast billet radius were evaluated. The results show that the structures of the as-cast billet are a thin layer of coarse columnar grains at the solidified shell, feathery grains at the half radius of the billet, and coarse equiaxed grains at the billet center. The grain size tends to decrease from the center to the surface of the as-cast billet. The ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and the hardness values obtained from this research slightly increase from the center to the surface of the as-cast billet. The distribution of Mg, Fe, and Si elements over the cross-section of the as-cast billet is inhomogeneous. The segregation analysis shows that Si has negative segregation towards the surface, positive segregation at the middle, and negative segregation at the center of the as-cast billet. On the other hand, the Mg element is distributed uniformly in small quantities in the cross-section of the as-cast billet.
Go to article

Bibliography

[1] Raabe, D., Ponge, D., Uggowitzer, P., Roscher, M., Paolantonio, M., Liu, C., Antrekowitsch, H., Kozeschnik, E., Seidmann, D., Gault, B., De Geuser, F., Dechamps, A., Hutchinson, C., Liu, C., Li, Z., Prangnell, P., Robson, J., Shanthraj, P., Vakili, S. & Pogatscher, S. (2022). Making sustainable aluminum by recycling scrap: The science of “dirty” alloys. Progress in Materials Science. 128, 1-150, 100947. DOI:10.1016/j.pmatsci.2022.100947.
[2] Jamaly, N., Haghdadi, N. & Phillion, A.B. (2015). Microstructure, macrosegregation, and thermal analysis of direct chill cast AA5182 aluminum alloy. Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance. 24, 2067-2073. DOI: 10.1007/s11665-015-1480-7.
[3] Vieth, P., Borgert, T., Homberg, W. & Grundmeier, G. (2022). Assessment of mechanical and optical properties of Al 6060 alloy particles by removal of contaminants. Advanced Engineering Materials. 25(3), 2201081. DOI: 10.1002/adem.202201081.
[4] Wagstaff, R.S., Wagstaff, B.R. & Allanore, A. (2017). Tramp element accumulation and its effects on secondary phase particles. The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society. 1097-1103. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-51541-0.
[5] Soo, V.K., Peeters, J., Paraskevas, D., Compston, P., Doolan, M. & Duflou, J.R. (2018). Sustainable aluminium recycling of end-of-life products: A joining techniques perspective. Journal of Cleaner Production. 178, 119-132. DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.12.235.
[6] Al-Helal, K., Patel, J.B., Scamans, G.M. & Fan, Z. (2020). Direct chill casting and extrusion of AA6111 aluminum alloy formulated from taint tabor scrap. Materials. 13(24), 5740, 1-11. DOI: 10.3390/ma13245740.
[7] Graedel, T.E., Allwood, J., Birat, J.P., Buchert, M., Hagelüken, C., Reck, B.K., Sibley, S.F. & Sonnemann, G. (2011). What do we know about metal recycling rates? Journal of Industrial Ecology. 15(3), 355-366. DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-9290.2011.00342.x.
[8] Silva, M.S., Barbosa, C., Acselrad, O. & Pereira, L.C. (2004). Effect of chemical composition variation on microstructure and mechanical properties of AA 6060 aluminum alloy. Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance. 13, 129–134. DOI: 10.1361/10599490418307.
[9] Al-Helal, K., Lazaro-Nebreda, Patel, J. & Scamans, G. (2021). High-shear de-gassing and de-ironing of an aluminum. Recycling. 6 (66), 2-10. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1530-9290.2011.00342.x.
[10] Zhang, L., Gao, J., Damoah, L.N.W. & Robertson, D.G. (2012). Removal of iron from aluminum: A review. Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review. 33(2), 99-157. DOI: 10.1080/08827508.2010.542211.
[11] Zhang, L., Lv, X., Torgerson, A.T. & Long, M. (2011). Removal of impurity elements from molten aluminum: A review. Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review. 32(3), 150-228. DOI: 10.1080/08827508. 2010.483396.
[12] Paraskevas, D., Kellens, K., Dewulf, W. & Duflou, J.R. (2015). Environmental modelling of aluminium recycling: A Life Cycle Assessment tool for sustainable metal management. Journal of Cleaner Production. 105, 357-370. DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.09.102.
[13] Eskin, D.G., Savran, V.I. & Katgerman, L. (2005). Effects of melt temperature and casting speed on the structure and defect formation during direct-chill casting of an Al-Cu alloy. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A. 36, 1965-1976. DOI: 10.1007/s11661-005-0059-6.
[14] Nadella, R., Eskin, D.G., Du, Q. & Katgerman, L. (2008). Macrosegregation in direct-chill casting of aluminium alloys. Progress in Materials Science. 53(3), 421-480. DOI: 10.1016/j.pmatsci.2007.10.001.
[15] Eskin, D.G. (2014). Mechanisms and Control of Macrosegregation in DC Casting. Light Metals 2014. 855-860. DOI: 10.1002/9781118888438.ch143.
[16] Mortensen, D., M’Hamdi, M., Ellingsen, K., Tveito, K., Pedersen, L. & Grasmo, G. (2014). Macrosegregation modelling of DC-casting including grain motion and surface exudation. Light Metals 2014. 867-872. DOI: 10.1002/9781118888438.ch145.
[17] Jolly, M., & Katgerman, L. (2022). Modelling of defects in aluminium cast products. Progress in materials science. 123, 1-39. DOI: 10.1016/j.pmatsci.2021.100824
[18] Suyitno, Kool, W.H. & Katgerman, L. (2005). Hot tearing criteria evaluation for direct-chill casting of an Al-4.5 pct Cu alloy. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A: Physical Metallurgy and Materials Science. 36(6), 1537-1546. DOI: 10.1007/s11661-005-0245-6.
[19] Eskin, D.G., Zuidema, J., Savran, V.I. & Katgerman, L. (2004). Structure formation and macrosegregation under different process conditions during DC casting. Materials Science and Engineering A. 384(1-2), 232-244. DOI: 10.1016/j.msea.2004.05.066.
[20] Lalpoor, M., Eskin, D. G., Ruvalcaba, D., Fjær, H.G., Ten Cate, A., Ontijt, N. & Katgerman, L. (2011). Cold cracking in DC-cast high strength aluminum alloy ingots: An intrinsic problem intensified by casting process parameters. Materials Science and Engineering A. 528(6), 2831-2842. DOI: 10.1016/j.msea.2010.12.040.
[21] Grandfield, J.F., Eskin, D.G, Bainbridge, I.F. (2013). Direct-chill casting of light alloys. United States of America: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey. DOI: 10.1002/9781118690734.
[22] Wang, R., Zuo, Y., Zhu, Q., Liu, X. & Wang, J. (2022). Effect of temperature field on the porosity and mechanical properties of 2024 aluminum alloy prepared by direct chill casting with melt shearing. Journal of Materials Processing Technology. 307, 117687. DOI: 10.1016/j.jmatprotec. 2022.117687.
[23] Barekar, N.S., Skalicky, I., Barbatti, C., Fan, Z. & Jarrett, M. (2021). Enhancement of chip breakability of aluminium alloys by controlling the solidification during direct chill casting. Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 862, 158008. DOI: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2020.158008.
[24] ASTM E112. (2010). Standard test methods for determining average grain size E112-10. ASTM E112-10. 96(2004), 1-27. DOI: 10.1520/E0112-10.
[25] Jones, S., Rao, A.K.P., Patel, J.B., Scamans, G.M. Fan, Z. (2012). Microstructural evolution in intensively melt sheared direct chill cast Al-alloys. In the 13th International Conference on Aluminum Alloys (ICAA13) 2013, (pp. 91-96). DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-48761-8_15.
[26] Suyitno, A., Eskin, D.G., Savran, V.I. & Katgerman, L. (2004). Effects of alloy composition and casting speed on structure formation and hot tearing during direct-chill casting of Al-Cu alloys. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A. 35 A(11), 3551-3561. DOI: 10.1007/s11661-004-0192-7.
[27] Turchin, A.N., Zuijderwijk, M., Pool, J., Eskin, D.G. & Katgerman, L. (2007). Feathery grain growth during solidification under forced flow conditions. Acta Materialia. 55(11), 3795-3801. DOI: 10.1016/j.actamat.2007.02.030.
[28] Liu, X., Zhu, Q., Jia, T., Zhao, Z., Cui, J. & Zuo, Y. (2020). As-cast structure and temperature field of direct-chill cast 2024 alloy ingot at different casting speeds. Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance. 29(10), 6840-6848. DOI: 10.1007/s11665-020-05140-x.
[29] Tian L., Guo, Y., Li, J., Xia, F., Liang, M. & Bai, Y.(2018) Effects of solidification cooling rate on the microstructure and mechanical properties of a cast Al-Si-Cu-Mg-Ni piston alloy. Materials. 11(7), 3-11. DOI: 10.3390/ma11071230.
[30] Suyitno. (2016). Effect of composition on the microporosity, microstructure, and macrostructure in the start-up direct-chill casting billet of Al-Cu alloys. ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences. 11(2), 962-967. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-004-0192-7.
[31] Zhu, C., Zhao, Z. hao, Zhu, Q. feng, Wang, G. song, Zuo, Y. bo, & Qin, G. wu. (2022). Structures and macrosegregation of a 2024 aluminum alloy fabricated by direct chill casting with double cooling field. China Foundry. 19(1), 1-8. DOI: 10.1007/s41230-022-1030-5.
[32] Zheng, X., Dong, J. & Wang, S. (2018). Microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-Nd-Zn-Zr billet prepared by direct chill casting. Journal of Magnesium and Alloys. 6(1), 95-99. DOI: 10.1016/j.jma.2018.01.003.
[33] Arif, A.F.M., Akhtar, S.S. & Sheikh, A.K. (2009). Effect of Al-6063 billet quality on the service life of hot extrusion die: metallurgical and statistical investigation. Journal of Failure Analysis and Prevention. 9, 253-261. DOI: 10.1007/s11668-009-9231-4.
[34] Triantafyllidis, G.K., Kiligaridis, I., Zagkliveris, D.I., Orfanou, I., Spyridopoulou, S., Mitoudi-Vagourdi, E. & Semertzidou, S. (2015). Characterization of the A6060 Al alloy mainly by using the micro-hardness vickers test in order to optimize the industrial solutionizing conditions of the as-cast billets. Material. Science and Applications. 06(01), 86-94. DOI: 10.4236/msa.2015.61011.
[35] Asensio-Lozano J., Suárez-Peña, B. & Voort, G.F.V. (2014). Effect of processing steps on the mechanical properties and surface appearance of 6063 aluminium extruded products. Materials. 7(6), 4224-4242. DOI: 10.3390/ma7064224.
[36] Založnik, M. & Šarler, B. (2005). Modeling of macrosegregation in direct-chill casting of aluminum alloys: Estimating the influence of casting parameters. Materials Science and Engineering A. 413-414, 85-91. DOI: 10.1016/j.msea.2005.09.056.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Kardo Rajagukguk
1 2 4
ORCID: ORCID
Suyitno Suyitno
3 4
Harwin Saptoadi
1
I. K. Indraswari Kusumaningtyas
1
Budi Arifvianto
1 4
Muslim Mahardika
1 4

  1. Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Grafika 2, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
  2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sumatera (ITERA), Jl. Terusan Ryacudu, South Lampung, Lampung 35365, Indonesia
  3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Tidar, Jl. Kapten Suparman 39, North Magelang, 56116, Indonesia
  4. Center for Innovation of Medical Equipment and Devices (CIMEDs), Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Teknika Utara Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

U-10wt.%Zr-5wt.%RE fuel slugs for a sodium-cooled fast reactor (SFR) were conventionally prepared by a modified injection casting method, which had the drawback of a low fabrication yield rate of approximately 60% because of the formation of many metallic fuel scraps, such as melt residue and unsuitable fuel slug butts. Moreover, the metallic fuel scraps were classified as a radioactive waste and stored in temporary storage without recycling. It is necessary to develop a recycling process technology for scrap wastes in order to reduce the radioactive wastes of the fuel scraps and improve the fabrication yield of the fuel slugs. In this study, the additive recycling process of the metallic fuel scraps was introduced to re-fabricate the U-10wt.%Zr-5wt.%RE fuel slugs. The U-10wt.%Zr-5wt.%RE fuel scraps were cleaned on the surface impurity layers with a mechanical treatment that used an electric brush under an Ar atmosphere. The U-10wt.%Zr-5wt.%RE fuel slugs were soundly re-fabricated and examined to evaluate the feasibility of the additive process compared with the metallic fuel slugs that used pure metals.

Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Ki-Hwan Kim
ORCID: ORCID
Seung-Uk Mun
Seong-Jun Ha
Seoung-Woo Kuk
Jeong-Yong Park
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

Facing severely competitive global markets, managers of the modern transnational corporations must effectively integrate its intra-supply chain system to meet customers’ multiproduct demands with good quality items, minimum operating expenses, and in a timely delivery matter. Inspired by assisting current transnational firms to achieve the mission, this study builds a mathematical model to explore a multiproduct fabrication-shipment problem incorporating an accelerated rate and ensured product quality. A single machine production scheme under a common cycle policy and with random defects, rework, and an accelerated fabrication rate is considered. The speedy rate option is associated with extra setup and linear variable costs, which aims to cut short the common cycle time. Mathematical derivation is employed to find the long-run average system expense. The optimization method is used to jointly derive the decision for common length and delivery frequency per cycle for the problem. Numerical illustration is offered to confirm the applicability of the results and expose the individual/combined influences of diverse crucial system features on the problem, thus facilitate the intra-supply chain’s fabrication-shipment decision making.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Yuan-Shyi Peter Chiu
1
Victoria Chiu
2
Hong-Dar Lin
1
Tiffany Chiu
3

  1. Faculty of Industrial Engineering & Management, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung City 413, Taiwan
  2. Faculty of Accounting, Finance and Law, State University of New York at Oswego, Oswego, NY 13126, USA
  3. Faculty of Anisfield School of Business, Ramapo College of New Jersey, Mahwah, NJ 07430, USA

This page uses 'cookies'. Learn more