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Number of results: 32
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Abstract

Characteristics of the microstructure of corrosion-resistant cast 24Cr-5Ni-2.5Mo duplex steel after introduction of 0.98, 1.67 and 4.3% Si were described. Based on the test results it has been found that silicon addition introduced to the corrosion-resistant cast two-phase duplex steel significantly reduces austenite content in the alloy matrix. Increasing silicon content in the test alloy to 4.3% has resulted, in addition to the elimination of austenite, also in the precipitation of Si-containing intermetallic phases at the grain boundaries and inside the grains. The precipitates were characterized by varying content of Cr and Mo, indicating the presence in the structure of more than one type of the brittle phase characteristic for this group of materials. The simulation using Thermo-Calc software has confirmed the presence of ferrite in all tested alloys. In the material containing 4.3% Si, the Cr and Si enriched precipitates, such as G phase and Cr3Si were additionally observed to occur.

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Authors and Affiliations

J. Kowalska
M. Witkowska
B. Kalandyk
R. Zapała
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Abstract

The contributions of work-hardening of austenite and the presence of martensite on the hardening of an AISI 304L stainless steel were evaluated based on plastic deformation under different reductions in thickness at two rolling temperatures. The cold deformation temperatures of 300 K and 373 K were chosen to induce strain-hardening plus strain-induced martensitic transformation in the former and strain-hardening in the latter. This made it possible to elucidate the real effects of strengthening mechanisms of metastable austenitic stainless steels during mechanical working.

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Authors and Affiliations

T. Mirzaie
H. Mirzadeh
M. Naghizadeh
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Abstract

The article deals with the influence of chemical composition of martensitic stainless steel for castings GXCrNi13-4 (the 1.4317 material) on mechanical properties and structure of as cast steel after heat treatment. Properties of these martensitic stainless steel are heavily influenced by chemical composition and structure of the material after heat treatment. Structure of these steels after quenching is formed with martensite and residual austenite. When tempering the steel the carbon content in martensite is reduced and gently deposited carbides occur. The way of heat treatment has a major impact on structure of martensitic steels with low carbon content and thus on strength, hardness and elongation to fracture of these steels. Chemical composition of the melt has been treated to the desired composition of the lower, middle and upper bounds of the nickel content in the steel within the limits allowed by the standard. Test blocks were gradually cast from the melt. The influence of the nickel equivalent value on structure and properties of the 1.4317 steel was determined from results of mechanical tests.
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Authors and Affiliations

A. Záděra
L. Čamek
V. Kaňa
M. Myška
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Abstract

Cast stainless steel of the Cr-Ni duplex type is used, among others, for the cast parts of pumps and valves handling various chemically

aggressive media. Therefore, the main problem discussed in this article is the problem of abrasion wear resistance in a mixture of SiC and

water and resistance to electrochemical corrosion in a 3% NaCl- H2O solution of selected cast steel grades, i.e. typical duplex cast steel,

high silicon and manganese duplex cast steel, and Cr-Ni austenitic cast steel (type AISI 316L). The study shows that the best abrasion

wear resistance comparable to Ni-Hart cast iron was obtained in the cast duplex steel, where Ni was partially replaced with Mn and N.

This cast steel was also characterized by the highest hardness and matrix microhardness among all the tested cast steel grades. The best

resistance to electrochemical corrosion in 3% NaCl- H2O solution showed the cast duplex steel with high content of Cr, Mo and N. The

addition of Ni plays rather insignificant role in the improvement of corrosion resistance of the materials tested.

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Authors and Affiliations

B. Kalandyk
R. Zapała
M. Starowicz
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Abstract

Laser-generated surface patterns provide the means for local mechanical interlocking between the joined materials, tunes the wettability of surfaces that come in contact, and generally are the main factor for bonding strength enhancement, especially between dissimilar materials. This paper presents the influence of different patterning overlays generated with a pulsed laser on the surface of stainless-steel sheets. For all experiments, an overlapping degree of 90% has been chosen between three different patterns, while the engraving speed, pulse frequency and number of passes have varied. The textured surfaces’ morphology was assessed through optical microscopy, and the roughness of the surfaces was correlated with the corresponding experimental parameters. The results have indicated promising insights for joining stainless steel to plastic materials, which is otherwise difficult to assess through usual welding techniques.
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Authors and Affiliations

E.R. Moldovan
1
ORCID: ORCID
C. Concheso Doria
2
ORCID: ORCID
J.L. Ocaña Moreno
3
ORCID: ORCID
L.S. Baltes
1
ORCID: ORCID
E.M. Stanciu
1
ORCID: ORCID
C. Croitoru
1
ORCID: ORCID
A. Pascu
1
ORCID: ORCID
M.H. Tierean
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Transilvania University of Brasov, Brasov, Romania
  2. BSH Electrodomésticos España S.A., Zaragoza, Spain
  3. Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Abstract

Now, the use of any medical device based on metals or alloys, especially intended for dentistry applications, is impossible without preclinical evaluation of its anticorrosion properties. Today, the use of stainless steels with AISI standardization, with predilection 316L and 321, are preferred for ergonomic reasons due to their high operational reliability and optimal mechanical properties for functionality over time. In this regard, 316L and 321 stainless steels are tested for comparison in the solution that simulates human saliva with different pH. Stainless steel samples were subjected to corrosion in Fusayama-Meyer and Carter-Brugirard saliva. In-situ electrochemical measurements were applied, such as the open circuit potential (OCP) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results show that the corrosion resistance of 316L is superior to 321 in saliva solution at both pH values.
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Authors and Affiliations

V. Neaga
1
L. Benea
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Competences Centre: Interfaces-Tribocorrosion and Electrochemical Systems (CC-ITES), Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, 47 Domneasca Street, RO-800008 Galati, Romania
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Abstract

The paper presents the results of microstructural and mechanical investigation of long-term aged TP347HFG austenitic stainless steel. Ageing was performed at a time of up to 30 000 hours and the temperature of 600 and 650◦C. Ageing was proved to lead to the precipitation of secondary phase particles not only inside grains but also on the boundaries of grains and twins. The MX precipitates were observed inside the grains. However, M23C6 carbides and sigma phase precipitates were observed on grain boundaries. The changes in the microstructure of the examined steel translated into the mechanical properties, i.e. initially observed growth and then the decrease of yield strength and a gradual decrease in impact energy. The overageing process – a decrease in strength properties – was associated with the growth of the size of M23C6 carbides and the precipitation of the sigma phase. The reduction of impact energy in TP347HFG austenitic stainless steel was found to be associated with the precipitation of M23C6 carbides in the case of the 600◦C temperature, and the M23C6 carbides and sigma phase in the case of the 650◦C temperature. The rate of changes in the microstructure and mechanical properties depended on the ageing temperature.
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Authors and Affiliations

Grzegorz Golański
1
ORCID: ORCID
Hanna Purzyńska
2

  1. Czestochowa University of Technology, Department of Materials Science, Armii Krajowej 19, 42-200 Częstochowa, Poland
  2. Łukasiewicz Research Network – Institute for Ferrous Metallurgy, K. Miarki 12-14, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
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Abstract

In the present paper, elemental Fe, Cr and Ni powders were used to fabricate nano-structured duplex and ferritic stainless steel powders by using high energy planetary ball milling. We have studied the effect of milling atmosphere like wet (toluene) and dry (argon) milling of elemental Fe-18Cr-13Ni (duplex) and Fe-17Cr-1Ni (ferritic) powders for 10 h in a dual drive planetary mill. Stearic acid of 1wt. % was added during milling to avoid agglomeration. The dry and wet milled duplex and ferritic stainless steel powders were characterized by XRD, SEM and particle size analysis techniques. We have found that both the milling atmospheres have great influence in controlling the final particle morphology, size and phase evolution during milling. It was reported that dry milling is more effective in reducing particle size than the wet milling. The Nelson-Riley method of extrapolation was used to calculate the precise lattice parameter and Williamson-Hall method was used to calculate the crystallite size and lattice strain of both the stainless steel milled in argon atmosphere. Dry milled duplex and ferritic stainless steel were then consolidated by conventional sintering method at 1100, 1200 and 1300°C temperatures under argon atmosphere for 1 hour.

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Authors and Affiliations

R. Shashanka
Orhan Uzun
D. Chaira
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Abstract

Selective Laser Melting (SLM) is a modern manufacturing method with many applications in medicine, aerospace and automotive industries. SLM processed materials are characterized by good dimensional accuracy and properties comparable or superior to materials obtained by traditional processing methods. In this paper an SLM process was used to obtain 316L stainless steel parts. This paper presents the microstructure, chemical and phase composition, physicochemical and electrochemical properties of 12 groups of tested samples, differentiated by the SLM processing parameters. Based on the investigation, it can be inferred that the selection of the appropriate SLM parameters is very important to determined final material properties. The samples produced with the energy density E = 600 J/mm3 were observed to possess optimum properties – a homogeneous structure, density closest to the desired one, good wettability and pitting corrosion resistance.

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Authors and Affiliations

A. Woźniak
M. Adamiak
G. Chladek
J. Kasperski
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Abstract

In this study, the bio state of the alloy produced in the modified metal injection system was monitored after sintering. A new system operating with high gas pressure, far from the traditional injection model, has been established for material production. In this system, 316L stainless steel powders were molded using a PEG/PMMA/SA polymer recipe. During molding, approximately 60% 316L and 40% binder by volume were used. The samples obtained were sintered at different temperatures (1100-1300°C) after de-binding. Density measurement (Archimedes) and hardness tests (HV1) of the samples were measured as 6.74 g/cm3 and ~285 HV1, respectively. A potentiodynamic corrosion test was applied to monitor the effect of the amount of oxide in the structure of the 316L stainless steel produced. Corrosion tests were carried out in artificial body solutions. The corrosion rate was measured at the level of 17.08×10–3 mm/y. In terms of biocompatibility, a cytotoxicity test was applied to the samples and the life course of the bacteria was monitored. For the 316L alloys produced, the % vitality reached approximately 103%.
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Authors and Affiliations

Bünyamin Çiçek
1
Yavuz Sun
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Hitit University, Vocational School of Technical Sciences, Machine and Metal Technologies Department, Corum, Turkey
  2. Karabuk University, Engineering Faculty, Turkey
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Abstract

17-4PH stainless steel finds application in the aerospace industry owing to its good mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. In the literature, this steel is described as good for welding, but research shows that it may be problematic due to the formation of defects. In this study, the welded joints were made by the robotic TIG welding method with various welding speeds (2 and 3 mm/s). The joints were subjected to non-destructive testing and were free from defects. The microstructure was observed by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Changes in the microstructure of the heat affected zone were observed and discussed. Based on the observation of the microstructure and the change in the hardness profile, the heat affected zone was divided into 4 characteristic regions. δ-ferrite and NbC were observed in the martensite matrix. The welded joints were subjected to heat treatment consisting of solution and aging in 550°C for 4 h. The microstructure of the heat affected zone become homogenized as a result of the heat treatment. The content of stable austenite in the welded joint after the heat treatment was about 3%.
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Authors and Affiliations

A. Nalborczyk-Kazanecka
1
ORCID: ORCID
G. Mrowka-Nowotnik
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Rzeszow University of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Aeronautics, 12 Powstańców Warszawy Av., 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
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Abstract

The 17-4 PH Stainless Steel material is known for its higher strength and, therefore, extensively used to build structures for aerospace, automotive, biomedical, and energy applications. The parts must operate satisfactorily in different environmental conditions to widen the diverse application. The selective laser melting (SLM) technique build parts cost-effectively, ensuring near-net shape manufacturability. Laser power, scan speed, and hatch distance operating at different conditions were used to develop parts and optimize for higher density in printed parts. Laser power, scan speed, and hatch distance resulted in the percent contribution towards density equal to 73.74%, 24.48%, and 1.78%. The optimized conditions resulted in higher density and relative density equal to 7.76 g/cm 3 and 99.48%. Printed parts' corrosion rate and wear loss showed more stability in NaCl corrosive medium even at 75 °C than 1M of HCL corrosive medium. Less pitting corrosion was observed on the samples treated in NaCl solution at 25 °C and 75 °C at 72 Hrs than in HCL solution. Therefore, 17-4 PH SS parts are best suited even in marine applications.
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Authors and Affiliations

Priya Sahadevan
1
Chithirai Pon Selvan
2
ORCID: ORCID
G C Manjunath Patel
3
ORCID: ORCID
Amiya Bhaumik
1

  1. Lincoln University College Selangor, Malaysia
  2. Curtin University Dubai, United Arab Emirates
  3. PES Institute of Technology and Management, Shivamogga, Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi, India
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Abstract

The effect of aging time at 850°C for 300 s, 600 s, 1800 s, and 84600 s on the microstructural evolution and corrosion resistance of 2205 duplex stainless steel (DSS) was studied after cold rolling up to 60% of reduction. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron and transmission electron microscopy were used for microstructural characterization. The corrosion behavior was studied by cyclic potentiodynamic polarization (CPP) and electrochemical impedance technique (EIS) in 3.5% NaCl solution and the susceptibility to sensitization was investigated through the double loop electrochemical potentiodynamic reactivation (DL-EPR) test in 0.5 M H2SO4 + 0.1 M NaCl + 0.002 M KSCN solution. After cold working, increasing aging time led to an increase in sigma phase precipitation and a decrease in pitting corrosion resistance. However, the ultrafine microstructure had a beneficial influence on the self-healing effect in Cr and Mo depleted areas with the increasing of aging time, resulting in higher passivation ability. The DSS 2205 type was not susceptible to intergranular corrosion for the aged conditions applied.
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Authors and Affiliations

R.F. Assumpção
1
ORCID: ORCID
J.C. Fortes Monteiro
2
ORCID: ORCID
V.C. Campideli
2
ORCID: ORCID
D.B. Santos
1
ORCID: ORCID
D.C. Sicupira
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
  2. Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Department of Chemistry, Campus Morro do Cruzeiro, Brazil
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Abstract

In-situ study of deformation behaviour and mechanisms occurring during early stages of deformation is of a great practical importance. Low stacking fault energy materials, as is the case of AISI 304L, show non-linear deformation characteristics way below the bulk yield point. Shockley partial dislocations, formation of stacking faults respectively, resulting in creation of shear bands and ε-martensite transformation are the mechanisms occurring in the low strains in the studied steel. Acoustic emission and infrared thermography have been used in this study to investigate the deformation kinetics at the low strain stages of slow strain rate tensile tests. Acoustic emission cumulative energy together with the tracking of specimen maximum temperature have been found to be very useful in-situ techniques both supplementing each other in the sense of the sensitivity to different mechanisms. Mechanical, acoustic emission and infrared thermography results are discussed in detail with respect to potential occurred mechanism.
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Authors and Affiliations

A. Sapietová
1
ORCID: ORCID
M. Raček
1
ORCID: ORCID
V. Dekýš
1
ORCID: ORCID
M. Sapieta
1
ORCID: ORCID
M. Sága
1
ORCID: ORCID
P. Šofer
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. University of Žilina, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Applied Mechanics, Univerzitná 8215/1, 010 26 Žilina, Slovak Republic
  2. VŠB -Technical University of Ostrava, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Control Systems and Instrumentation, 17. listopadu 15/2127,708 33 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic
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Abstract

The 0.05 mm-thick 304 stainless steel foil was annealed within the temperature range from 950℃-1100℃ for 10 minutes to obtain different microstructures. And micro-deep drawing experiments of stainless steel foils with different tissue structures were conducted to obtain relevant material forming properties influenced by dimensional effects. On this basis, the influence of the microstructure characteristics on the forming performance of 304 stainless steel foil and the quality of the cup formed by using micro-drawing was studied, and its mechanism was discussed. It can be seen from the results that the stainless steel foil annealed at 950℃ exhibits poor forming performance, and the wrinkle phenomenon of the deep-drawn cup is obvious. At the annealing temperature of 1050℃, the quality of the deep drawing cup is significantly improved. When the annealing temperature reaches 1100℃, with the increase of the annealing temperature, the crystal grains size increase sharply, and the coarse-grain effect causes the uneven plastic deformation effect to be obvious. Besides, the drawing quality is obviously deteriorated. The observation of the microstructure of the deep drawing cup shows that the forming effect of the drawing cup is poor due to the rolling defects and the coarse grain effect. The 304 stainless steel drawing cup annealed at 1050℃ enjoys the best forming effect.
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Authors and Affiliations

Yulin Xing
1
ORCID: ORCID
Peisheng Han
1
ORCID: ORCID
Xiaogang Wang
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Metallurgical Device Design Theory and Technology (State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Province-Ministry Co-Construct), Taiyuan 030024, China
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Abstract

The paper focuses on the investigation of AISI 302 steel wire of different initial diameters, in solutionized condition. Three different drawing schedules were realized, starting from three different diameters, where two smaller-gauge wires were obtained by drawing of large-diameter wire and applying solution heat treatment to the product. However, the drawing schedules were carried out with almost the same total reduction and similar partial reductions. The measurement of drawing force was performed for each drawing pass, and the samples of wire were taken after each pass. The samples were then tested to obtain a set of mechanical and technological properties, as well as the distribution of Vickers hardness on wire cross section. Finally, the effect of different history of deformation and heat treatment on drawing process stability and final properties of drawn wires was discussed.
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Authors and Affiliations

Maciej Rumiński
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. AGH University of Krakow , Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow , Poland
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Abstract

Recently, 3D printing processes have been used to manufacture metal powder filters with manufacturing complex-shape. In this study, metal powder filters of various shapes were manufactured using the metal extrusion additive manufacturing (MEAM) process, which is used to manufacture three-dimensional structures by extruding a filament consisting of a metal powder and a binder. Firstly, filaments were prepared by appropriately mixing SUS316 powder with sizes ranging from 7.5 µm to 50 µm and a binder. These filaments were extruded at temperatures of 100℃ to 160℃ depending on the type of filament being manufactured, to form three types of cylindrical filter. Specimens were sintered in a high vacuum atmosphere furnace at 850℃ to 1050℃ for 1 hour after debinding. The specimens were analyzed for permeability using a capillary flow porometer, porosity was determined by applying Archimedes’ law and microstructure was observed using SEM.
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Authors and Affiliations

Yu-Jeong Yi
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Min-Jeong Lee
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Su-Jin Yun
1
ORCID: ORCID
Manho Park
3
ORCID: ORCID
Ju-Yong Kim
4
ORCID: ORCID
Jungwoo Lee
2
ORCID: ORCID
Jung-Yeul Yun
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Korea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS), Metal Powder Department, Changwon, 51508, Republic of Korea
  2. Pusan National University, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
  3. R&D Center, ASFLOW CO. Ltd, Hwasung, 16648, Republic of Korea
  4. 3DP R&D Center, REPROTECH, Suwon, 16229, Republic of Korea
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Abstract

Crystal structure and phase composition of stainless steel substrates (AISI 304 type) was studied and it was found that they adopted the cubic symmetry. The calculated elementary cell parameter for the mayor Fe-Ni phase (weight fraction 99%) was a = 3.593 Å, whereas the mean grain size was <D> = 2932 Å. Morphology of the stainless steel substrate surface was studied with profilometry. Mechanical properties of the stainless steel substrates and stainless steel substrates coated with ceramic layer of barium strontium titanate were studied with microhardness tester. For measurements performed according to the Vickers method the average microhardness was found HV = 189 or HV = 186 for the “in-line” and “mapping” measurement pattern, respectively. The sol-gel method was used to coat the surface of the stainless steel substrate with a thin ceramic layer of the chemical composition Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3. It was found that the stainless steel substrate covered with sol-gel deposited ceramic coating exhibited the average hardness within the range HV = 217 up to HV = 235 for loading force F = 98 mN and F = 0.98 N, respectively. The Knopp method was also used and it was found that the stainless steel substrate with Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 coating exhibited hardness HK = 386.

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Authors and Affiliations

D. Czekaj
A. Lisińska-Czekaj
K. Krzysztofowicz
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Abstract

In the electropolishing process, the polishing quality of the metal surface varies according to the contamination of the electrolyte. In this study, the electrolyte was evaluated according to the usage time, and the effect of each factor on electropolishing was investigated. As the electrolyte is contaminated, the concentration of metal ions in the electrolyte increases and the ion conductivity decreases. In addition, the pH and specific gravity of the electrolyte increase due to the metal sludge formed as the metal ion concentration increases. When the electrolyte usage time was more than 5 days, many scratches remained on the surface of 316L stainless steel, and relatively high surface roughness was measured. The surface roughness improvement rate compared to the initial specimen was 30% for the unused electrolyte, 26% on the 3rd day, 19% on the 5th day, and 17.5% on the 13th day. Since the low current density due to electrolyte contamination causes a decrease in polishing efficiency, initial scratches on the metal surface still exist on the polished surface. Therefore, it is necessary to manage the electrolyte to maintain the quality of electropolishing.
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Authors and Affiliations

Woo-Chul Jung
1
ORCID: ORCID
Hyunseok Yang
1
ORCID: ORCID
Seon-Jin Choi
2
ORCID: ORCID
Man-Sik Kong
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Advanced Material & Processing Center (Institute for Advanced Engineering, Yongin, Korea)
  2. Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
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Abstract

Process baths used for electropolishing and pickling of stainless steel have become increasingly contaminated with heavy metal ions over time. There is still lack of research on the neutralization of this type of technological wastewater with high concentrations of metal ions and containing complexing compounds, which significantly hinders their effective treatment. The aim of this paper is to study how the selected methods of heavy metals removal will affect the quality of the treated, industrial post-galvanic sewage from pickling and electropolishing of chromium-nickel steel on a laboratory and technical scale. The research used sodium sulphide or a decomplexing agent based on organic sulphur to neutralize wastewater containing triethanolamine or glycerol. Treatment of electropolishing wastewater poses a challenge. Nevertheless, wastewater with glycerol is easier to neutralize than those containing triethanolamine. In the industrial scale the use of a decomplexing agent is necessary to achieve the required nickel values in the wastewater after treatment below 1 ppm. Even in the case of high concentrations of nickel ions in raw wastewater, the neutralization process of the wastewater originating only from pickling alone was effective. The search for effective methods of neutralization of mixed wastewater is especially important in industrial conditions, where it is not always possible to completely separate these two types of sewage. The paper also presents the results of the composition of post-neutralization sludge, which may be useful in planning further management and disposal of this type of waste.
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Authors and Affiliations

Paweł Lochyński
1
ORCID: ORCID
Paweł Wiercik
1
ORCID: ORCID
Sylwia Charazińska
1
ORCID: ORCID
Maciej Ostrowski
1

  1. Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Institute of Environmental Engineering, Poland
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Abstract

In-situ study on the high-temperature fracture behaviour of 347 stainless steel was carried out by using a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). The welding microstructures of the 347 stainless steel were simulated by subjecting the steel specimen to solution and aging treatments. Undissolved NbC carbides were present within grains after solution treatment, and M23C6 carbides were preferentially formed at grain boundaries after subsequent aging treatment. The M23C6 carbides formed at grain boundaries worked as stress concentration sites and thus generated larger cracks during high-temperature tensile testing. In addition, grain boundary embrittlement was found to be a dominant mechanism for the high-temperature fracture of the 347 stainless steel because vacancy diffusion in the Cr-depleted zones enhances intergranular fracture due to the precipitation of M23C6 carbides at grain boundaries.
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Authors and Affiliations

Seok-Woo Ko
1
ORCID: ORCID
Hyeonwoo Park
2
ORCID: ORCID
Il Yoo
3
ORCID: ORCID
Hansoo Kim
2
ORCID: ORCID
Joonho Lee
2
ORCID: ORCID
Byoungchul Hwang
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, 232 Gongneung-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea
  2. Korea University, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
  3. ADNOC LNG, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the effect of different coating processes on interlayer coating using ProCAST software and identify the preferred coating process so as to prepare an EH40/2205 composite plate with a coating interlayer of Ni-5 Fe-15 Co (wt.%) displaying good performance. The preparation and characterization tests were conducted to analyze the interlayer coating, the diffusion of elements at the bonding interface and the mechanical properties of the hot-rolled composite plate. The results showed that the coating rate increased linearly with an increase in the initial coating temperature, pressure difference and the width ratio of the suction layer. The interlayer coating was complete under the guidance of optimized process parameters, and the test results and simulations confirmed each other. The coated interlayer successfully blocked the diffusion of elements between the bonding surfaces. The tensile strength of the rolled composite plate was 580 MPa, which met the needs of the project. The tensile shear fracture occurred at EH40, which proved that the plate was well bonded.
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Authors and Affiliations

K.K. Feng
1
ORCID: ORCID
Y.L. Yi
1
ORCID: ORCID
Y. Qin
1
ORCID: ORCID
H.R. Jin
2 3
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Yanshan University, School of Mechanical Engineering, Qinhuangdao, China
  2. Yanshan University, Key Laboratory of Advanced Forging & Stamping Technology and Science of Ministry of National Education, Qinhuangdao, China
  3. Yanshan University, Parallel Robot and Mechatronic System Laboratory of Hebei Province, Qinhuangdao, China
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Abstract

This paper introduces an approach for vacuum brazing of niobium-316L stainless steel transition joints for application in superconducting radiofrequency cavity helium jackets. The study takes advantage of good wettability of Ag-Cu-Pd brazing alloy to suppress brittle Fe-Nb intermetallic formation, hence improve the joints’ mechanical performance. The wettability of Ag-Cu-Pd filler metal on niobium, the interface microstructure and mechanical properties of the transition joints were investigated. Two kinds of Ag-Cu-Pd filler metals had been studied and wet well on the niobium, and the wettability of Ag-31.5Cu-10Pd filler metal on niobium was better than Ag-28Cu-20Pd filler metal. Microstructure characterization demonstrated the absence of brittle intermetallic layers in all of the joint interfaces. Mechanical properties of samples prepared with Ag-31.5Cu-10Pd filler metal were also better than their peers made with Ag-28Cu-20Pd filler metal both room temperature (300 K) and liquid nitrogen temperature (77 K). The transition joints displayed shear strengths of 356-375 MPa at 300 K and 440-457 MPa at 77 K, respectively. After undergoing ten thermal cycles between the room temperature and the liquid nitrogen temperature, the transition joints’ leak rates were all lower than 1.1×10 –11 mbar·L/s. Therefore, Ag-Cu-Pd filler metal is applicable to high vacuum vessels used at cryogenic temperatures.
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Authors and Affiliations

Ruoxu Wang
1 2 3
Lubei Liu
1 2
Zongheng Xue
1 2
Teng Tan
1 2

  1. Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Modern Physics, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
  2. The Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Huizhou, Guangdong 516000, China
  3. Anhui East China Photoelectric Technology Research Institute, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, China
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Abstract

Due to the skin effect of eddy currents, the depth of cracks which can be detected by the traditional eddy current probe is very limited. In order to improve the ability of eddy current probes to inspect deep cracks in metal thick-walled structures, a new eddy current probe using an excitation system with phase shifted fields was proposed. Its feasibility for detecting deep cracks was verified by simulation and experiments. The results showed that the penetration depth of eddy currents in austenitic stainless steel is effectively enhanced by using the new probe.

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Authors and Affiliations

Meixian Wu
Dongli Zhang
Chuanglong Wang

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