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Temperature moderation in a multistorey building by melting of a phase-change material

Vadim Dubovsky Gennady Ziskind Ruth Letan
Archives of Thermodynamics | 2013 | No 1 March | 85-101 | DOI: 10.2478/aoter-2013-0006
Keywords thermal comfort Wax melting Room cooling at ceiling Numerical simulations
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Abstract

The current numerical study focuses on the feasibility of furnishing thermal comfort in a structure, by using paraffin wax stored on a plate below the ceiling in a multi-storey building. The method is aimed to reduce energy demands at the increasing thermal loads. In summer, in daytime, walls of the building are exposed to the ambient thermal load, and heat transferred inside is absorbed by the melting wax. The study is numerical. It relates to temperature variations outside and inside, coupled with heat conduction and accumulation in walls, with radiation between the surfaces, with natural convection of air inside and melting of the wax at the ceiling. Fins spacing on the storage plate, visualization of the melting process, and its parametric investigation provide an insight into the physical phenomena. Temperature and flow fields were investigated for 3 mm and 12 mm thick layers of wax. At the specified conditions of the present study a 3 mm layer provides thermal comfort for most of the day, while a 6 mm layer may suffice for the entire day. Fluent 6.3 software was used in the computations.

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Authors and Affiliations

Vadim Dubovsky
Gennady Ziskind
Ruth Letan

Assessing the performance of the airflow window for ventilation and thermal comfort in office rooms

Ildar Fathi Ajirlou Cüneyt Kurtay
Archives of Thermodynamics | 2021 | vol. 42 | No 3 | 209-242 | DOI: 10.24425/ather.2021.138117
Keywords HVAC Natural ventilation Airflow window Thermal comfort Contaminant removal
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Abstract

In the present study performance of an airflow window in removing contaminants as well as providing thermal comfort for the occupants was investigated. Both natural/mixed ventilation methods were studied and the full heating load as well as contaminant sources in the office rooms considered. Then, the local and average temperature, relative humidity, velocity as well as CO2 and dust concentration were extracted from simulation results and compared to criteria in international ventilation standards. It was found that except in the big room having 8 m×6 m flooring, natural ventilation from the airflow window can satisfy the thermal and relative humidity conditions in the international ventilation standard except for the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers. However, the thermal comfort in the room which was measured by extended predicted mean vote could not be achieved when the window operates in the natural ventilation mode, even with a 0.4 m height opening in the small (3 m×4 m) room. Finally, results indicated that the airflow ventilation system installed in small and medium offices operation can provide indoor condition in the ventilation standard either in natural/mixed operation mode consuming less energy than the traditional heating, ventilation, and air conditioning. Besides, the airflow system not only was not able to provide thermal comfort condition in the big office but also its application was not economically feasible.
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Bibliography

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Authors and Affiliations

Ildar Fathi Ajirlou
1
Cüneyt Kurtay
1
  1. Gazi University, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Department of Architecture, Yükselis 5, 06570 Maltepe-Ankara, Turkey

Selection of Plate Components of Operator's Cabin Walls in Aspect of Thermal Insulation and Transmission Loss

Zygmunt Dziechciowski
Archives of Acoustics | 2011 | vol. 36 | No 1 | 109-119 | DOI: 10.2478/v10168-011-0012-1
Keywords acoustic and thermal comfort heavy-duty machine cabin transmission loss thermal insulation
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Abstract

The modern cabin of heavy duty machines have to fulfil a number of requirements which deal with operators' work comfort. More and more often, the vibroacoustic and thermal comforts decide about the cabin quality. This paper presents principles of acoustic and thermal calculations as well as their use in combined assessment.

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Authors and Affiliations

Zygmunt Dziechciowski

Numerical investigations of effect of indoor air quality on thermal comfort in residential buildings

M. Krzaczek J. Tejchman
Archives of Civil Engineering | 2014 | No 1 | 94-121
Keywords indoor air quality thermal comfort CFD personal breathing zone heat loads natural ventila-tion occupant behaviour
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Abstract

The influence of the CO₂ concentration in a local air zone in naturally ventilated residential houses on the residents’ behaviour was numerically investigated. A numerical two-dimensional CFD model of the indoor zone based on experiments performed by the authors was used. Different resident locations in the fluid domain and different inlet velocities imposed by wind were considered in simulations. The overall thermal comfort and IAQ indices were also calculated. The investigations results show that in contrast to the overall air quality, the local CO₂ was strongly dependent upon the resident location, fresh air inlet velocity and ventilation system type.

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Authors and Affiliations

M. Krzaczek
J. Tejchman

Study of the heat pump for a passenger electric vehicle based on refrigerant R744

Maria Laura Canteros Jiri Polansky
Archives of Thermodynamics | 2022 | vol. 43 | No 2 | 17-36 | DOI: 10.24425/ather.2022.141976
Keywords R744 (CO2) Heat pump Battery electric vehicle Thermal comfort
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Abstract

Energy management plays a crucial role in cabin comfort as well as enormously affects the driving range. In this paper energy balances contemplating the implementation of a heat pump and an expansion device in battery electric vehicles are elaborated, by comparing the performances of refrigerants R1234yf and R744, from –20°C to 20°C. This work calculates the coefficient of performance, energy requirements for ventilation (from 1 to 5 people in the cabin) and energy required with the implementation of a heat pump, with the employment of a code in Python with the aid of Cool- Prop library. The work ratio is also estimated if the work recovery device recuperates the work during the expansion. Comments on the feasibility of the implementation are as well explicated. The results of the analysis show that the implementation of an expansion device in an heat pump may cover the energy requirement of the compressor from 27% to more than 35% at 20°C in cycles operating with R744, and from 15% to more than 20% with refrigerant R1234yf, considering different compressor efficiencies. At –20°C, it would be possible to recuperate between around 30 and 24%. However, the risk of suction when operating with R1234yf at ambient temperatures below –10°C shows that the heat pump can only operate with R744. Thus, it is the only refrigerant that achieves the reduction of energy consumption at these temperatures.
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Authors and Affiliations

Maria Laura Canteros
1
Jiri Polansky
2
  1. Czech Technical University in Prague, Jugoslávských partyzánu 1580/3, 160 00 Prague 6 – Dejvice, Czech Republic
  2. ESI Group, Brojova 16, 326 00 Plzen, Czech Republic

Analysis of climate change and its potential influence on energy performance of building and indoor temperatures. Part 2: Energy and thermal simulation

Szymon Firląg Artur Miszczuk Bartosz Witkowski
Archives of Civil Engineering | 2023 | vol. 69 | No 2 | 195-209 | DOI: 10.24425/ace.2023.145263
Keywords climate change energy efficiency thermal comfort low energy building energy simulation
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Abstract

The subject of this paper is the analysis of possible influence of climate change on the energy performance of building and indoor temperatures. The model is based on the Maison Air et Lumière house, which concept was developed as part of the Model Homo 2020 project. It was a low-energy, single family, detached house. The model was divided into three thermal zones and developed by using SketchUp software. The analysis of the climate change was made on the example of the city in Poland – Kielce and described in the first part of the paper. Dynamic calculations of the building model were performed by using the TRNSYS software. The calculations were made for three different scenarios relating to existing technical systems: ventilation, ventilation + heating, ventilation + heating + cooling. Annual energy consumption and rooms air temperature changes were estimated for each variant. The results showed higher risk of summer discomfort and change in energy balance of building what indicates the need to use the cooling system in the future during the summer to reduce the discomfort of overheating. In the variant without the cooling system, the percentage of time with an indoor temperature above 27°C increased from 23.7% to 44.2% in zone 2. The energy demand for heating was reduced by 23.4% compared to the current climate, and the energy consumption for cooling (with the cooling option) increased significantly by 232% compared to the current demand. Summarizing, research indicates that with global warming, the energy demand for heating will decrease and the cooling demand will increase significantly in order to maintain the required user comfort.
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Authors and Affiliations

Szymon Firląg
1
ORCID: ORCID
Artur Miszczuk
1
ORCID: ORCID
Bartosz Witkowski
2
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Al. Armii Ludowej 16, 00-637 Warsaw,Poland
  2. Faculty of Civil Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Na Grobli 15, 50-421 Wrocław, Poland

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