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Abstract

Processing of metal alloys in semi-solid state is a way of producing many near net-shape parts and nowadays is commercially successful. Particular behaviour of alloys in the partially liquid state, having non-dendritic microstructure, is a base for thixoforming processing. Processing materials in the semi-solid state concerns alloys with relatively wide solidification range. Thermodynamic modelling can be used as a one of a potential tools that allow to identify alloys with proper temperature range. It means that the key feature of alloys suitable for thixoforming is a widely enough melting range, allowing for precise control of material temperature. The data gathered from thermodynamics calculations can also pay off in the industrial thixoforming processes design. The goal of this paper is to identify copper alloys which can be successfully shaped in the semi-solid state. Apart to thermodynamic calculations, the observations on high temperature microscope was carried out. During experiments the solidus, liquidus and also deformation temperatures can be determined. An experimental work allows confirming results obtained within the confines of thermodynamic calculations and firstly to determine the deformation temperatures which are the optimal for shaping processes. The basic achievement of this work is an identification of copper alloy groups possible for shaping in the semi-solid state. At the first part of the paper, the basic criteria of suitable alloys were described. Next, both the solid fraction curves for copper alloys with different alloying elements using ProCAST software and the phase diagrams were determined to identify the solidification temperature ranges of these alloys. In the second part of these paper, the identification of the deformation temperatures was carried out with use of high temperature microscope observation.
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Authors and Affiliations

A. Madetko
1
ORCID: ORCID
K. Sołek
1
ORCID: ORCID
P. Drożdż
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
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Abstract

High strength tire cord steel is extensively used in radial ply tyres as the framework material, but the presence of brittle single titanium inclusions or complex titanium inclusions can cause failure of the wires and jeopardize their performance in production. In order to provide a key guidance on the control of titanium inclusions, it is necessary to clarify their formation mechanism during solidification. In the present work, the thermodynamic calculations were employed for an elaboration on their formation mechanism, combined with the industrial test. The TiN–MnS complex inclusions observed by SEM–EDS shows that the internal corresponds to TiN and the external is MnS. Thermodynamic calculations based on the microsegregation model indicate that MnS forms first, which can act as a nucleation site for the co–deposit of TiN in the mushy zone. As the MnS inclusions have a better deformation than that of TiN inclusions, then the TiN inclusions are wrapped by the MnS inclusions, generating TiN–MnS complex inclusions after rolling.
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Bibliography

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Authors and Affiliations

Jialiu Lei
1
Xiumin Wang
1
Dongnan Zhao
1
Yongjun Fu
1

  1. Hubei Polytechnic University, China
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Abstract

Ti-containing steel weld metals with Al contents of 0.01-0.085% were prepared. The effects of Al contents on the inclusions evolution were investigated by means of thermodynamic calculations coupled with electron probe micro-analyses and transmission electron microscopy. The results show that the inclusions in the 0.01% Al weld metal are mainly composed of ilmenite with some amounts of (Mn-Si-Al)-oxide and titanial_spinel. When Al content is increased up to 0.035%, a more amount of corundum and a small amount of pseudobrookite are formed. In 0.085% Al weld metal, the (Mn-Si-Al)-oxide disappears completely, and the inclusions contain a substantial amount of corundum, in addition to a minimal amount of pseudobrookite. Ti3O5, MnTi2O4 and MnTiO3 are the primary constituents of pseudobrookite, titanial_spinel and ilmenite, respectively. Titanial_spinel and ilmenite have higher amounts of Mn, but lower Ti levels compared with pseudobrookite. In the case of presence of a considerable amounts of titanial_spinel and ilmenite, Mn-depleted zone is formed in matrix around the inclusions.

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Authors and Affiliations

Bingxin Wang
Yingtian Jiang

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