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Biosorption of Pb(II) by the resistant Enterobacter sp.: Investigated by kinetics, equilibriumand thermodynamics

Lei Liu Mengya Xia Jianwen Hao Haoxi Xu Wencheng Song
Archives of Environmental Protection | 2021 | 47 | 3 | 28-36 | DOI: 10.24425/aep.2021.138461
Keywords Pb(II) biosorption Enterobacter sp. kinetics thermodynamics
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Abstract

The Pb(II)-resistant bacterium was isolated from heavy metal-contained soils and used as a biosorbentto remove Pb(II). The strain was identified as Enterobacter sp. based on the 16S rRNA sequence analysis. Theeffect of biosorption properties (pH value, Pb(II) concentration, bacterial concentration and temperature) onPb(II) was investigated by batch experiments. Results of FTIR and XPS showed that the biosorption process mainly involved some oxygen-containing groups (-OH and -COOH groups). The experimental results and equilibrium data were fitted by pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir model, respectively. The experimental biosorption isotherms fitted the Langmuir model, and the maximum biosorption capacity was 40.75 mg/g at 298 K. The calculated ΔGо and ΔHо were –4.06 and 14.91(kJ/mol), respectively, which indicated that biosorption process was spontaneous and endothermic. Results show that Enterobacter sp. will be an efficient biosorbent for Pb(II) removal.
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Authors and Affiliations

Lei Liu
1 2
Mengya Xia
1
Jianwen Hao
1
Haoxi Xu
1
Wencheng Song
2 3
  1. School of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Vocational and Technical College,Hefei, 230011, P.R. China
  2. Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, P. R. China
  3. Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health & Medical Technology,Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, P.R. China

An approach to modeling and thermodynamic analysis of modern power engineering systems

Jarosław Kozaczka Pavel Kolat
Chemical and Process Engineering | 2011 | No 4 December | 401-410 | DOI: 10.2478/v10176-011-0032-4
Keywords thermodynamics modeling exergy power engineering CCS
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Abstract

The new efficient method of modeling and thermodynamic analysis of power engineering systems has been presented. With its help a comparison of different structures and investigation of the influence of a particular constituent process onto the whole system efficiency is possible. The shaft work or the exergy is the main thermodynamic quantity taken into account in analyses, and the appropriate dimensionless modeling parameter has been introduced.

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Authors and Affiliations

Jarosław Kozaczka
Pavel Kolat

Influence of thermodynamic mechanism of inter- facial adsorption on purifying air-conditioning engineering under intensification of electric field

Yun-Yu Chen
Archives of Thermodynamics | 2016 | No 4 | 105-119 | DOI: 10.1515/aoter-2016-0030
Keywords interfacial adsorption thermodynamics Gibbs purifying air-conditioning engineering electric field
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Abstract

As a kind of mass transfer process as well as the basis of separating and purifying mixtures, interfacial adsorption has been widely applied to fields like chemical industry, medical industry and purification engineering in recent years. Influencing factors of interfacial adsorption, in addition to the traditional temperature, intensity of pressure, amount of substance and concentration, also include external fields, such as magnetic field, electric field and electromagnetic field, etc. Starting from the point of thermodynamics and taking the Gibbs adsorption as the model, the combination of energy axiom and the first law of thermodynamics was applied to boundary phase, and thus the theoretical expression for the volume of interface absorption under electric field as well as the mathematical relationship between surface tension and electric field intensity was obtained. In addition, according to the obtained theoretical expression, the volume of interface absorption of ethanol solution under different electric field intensities and concentrations was calculated. Moreover, the mechanism of interfacial adsorption was described from the perspective of thermodynamics and the influence of electric field on interfacial adsorption was explained reasonably, aiming to further discuss the influence of thermodynamic mechanism of interfacial adsorption on purifying air-conditioning engineering under intensification of electric field.

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Authors and Affiliations

Yun-Yu Chen

Comparison of adsorption of Cd(II) and Pb(II) ions on pure and chemically modified fly ashes

Eleonora Sočo Jan Kalembkiewicz
Chemical and Process Engineering | 2016 | vol. 37 | No 2 June | 215-234 | DOI: 10.1515/cpe-2016-0018
Keywords heavy metals coal fly ash adsorption kinetics thermodynamics
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Abstract

The study investigates chemical modifications of coal fly ash (FA) treated with HCl or NH4HCO3 or NaOH or Na2edta, based on the research conducted to examine the behaviour of Cd(II) and Pb(II) ions adsorbed from water solution on treated fly ash. In laboratory tests, the equilibrium and kinetics were examined applying various temperatures (293 - 333 K) and pH (2 - 11) values. The maximum Cd(II) and Pb(II) ions adsorption capacity obtained at 293 K, pH 9 and mixing time 2 h from the Langmuir model can be grouped in the following order: FA-NaOH > FA-NH4HCO3 > FA > FA-Na2edta > FA-HCl. The morphology of fly ash grains was examined via small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and images of scanning electron microscope (SEM). The adsorption kinetics data were well fitted by a pseudo-second-order rate model but showed a very poor fit for the pseudofirst order model. The intra-particle model also revealed that there are two separate stages in the sorption process, i.e. the external diffusion and the inter-particle diffusion. Thermodynamics parameters such as free energy, enthalpy and entropy were also determined. A laboratory test demonstrated that the modified coal fly ash worked well for the Cd(II) and Pb(II) ion uptake from polluted waters.

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Authors and Affiliations

Eleonora Sočo
Jan Kalembkiewicz

Microstructure Analysis of Equiatomic Multi-Component NI20TI20TA20CO20CU20 Alloy

K. Glowka M. Zubko P. Świec K. Prusik G. Dercz D. Stróż
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2019 | vol. 64 | No 2 | 785-789 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2019.127614
Keywords Thermodynamics High Entropy Alloys Multi-component alloys Electron microscopy microstructure
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Abstract

An equiatomic multi-component alloy Ni20Ti20Ta20Co20Cu20 (at. %) was obtained using vacuum arc melting. In order to characterize such an alloy, microstructure analysis has been performed using Scanning and Transmission Electron Microscopy, Electron Backscattered Diffraction, X-ray Diffraction and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy techniques. Microstructure analysis revealed the presence of one rhombohedral and two cubic phases. Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy measurements revealed that both observed phases include five chemical elements in the structure. Using Rietveld refinement approach the lattice parameters were refined for the observed phases.

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Authors and Affiliations

K. Glowka
M. Zubko
P. Świec
K. Prusik
G. Dercz
D. Stróż

THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF Ag-Pt ALLOY MEASURED USING A SOLID ELECTROCHEMICAL METHOD

I. Santoso P. Taskinen
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2018 | vol. 63 | No 1 | DOI: 10.24425/118927
Keywords silver conducting electrolyte EMF method Silver Platinum Thermodynamics
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Authors and Affiliations

I. Santoso
P. Taskinen

The kinetics, thermodynamics and equilibrium study of nickel and lead uptake using corn residues as adsorbent

Candelaria Tejada-Tovar Ángel Villabona-Ortíz Angel Dario Gonzalez-Delgado
Journal of Water and Land Development | 2021 | No 48 | 197-204 | DOI: 10.24425/jwld.2021.136162
Keywords adsorption corn wastes heavy metals kinetics thermodynamics
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Abstract

Agricultural residues rich in lignocellulosic biomass are low-cost and sustainable adsorbents widely used in water treatment. In the present research, thermodynamics, kinetics, and equilibrium of nickel(II) and lead(II) ion biosorption were studied using a corncob (Zea mays). The experiments were performed in a batch system evaluating the effect of tempera-ture and dose of adsorbent. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms were used to study the equilibrium. Thermodynamic and kinetic parameters were determined using kinetic models (pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order, Elovich). Biosorbent characteristics were studied by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. It was found that the hydroxyl, carboxyl, and phenolic groups are the major contributors to the removal process. Besides, Pb(II) ions form micro-complexes on the surface of the biomaterial while Ni(II) ions form bonds with active centers. It was found that the highest Ni(II) removal yields were achieved at 0.02 g of adsorbent and 70°C, while the highest Pb(II) removal yields were achieved at 0.003 g and 55°C. A maximum Ni(II) adsorption capacity of 3.52 mg∙g–1 (86%) and 13.32 mg∙g–1 (94.3%) for Pb(II) was obtained in 250 and 330 min, respectively. Pseudo-first or-der and pseudo-second order models best fit experimental data, and Langmuir and Freundlich models well describe the iso-therm of the process. Thermodynamic parameters (ΔH0, ΔG0, ΔS0) suggest that the adsorption process of both cations is exothermic, irreversible, and not spontaneous.
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MANJULADEVI M., ANITHA R., MANONMANI S. 2018. Kinetic study on adsorption of Cr(VI), Ni(II), Cd(II) and Pb(II) ions from aqueous solutions using activated carbon prepared from Cucumis melo peel. Applied Water Science. Vol. 8 No. 1 p. 36. DOI 10.1007/s13201-018-0674-1.
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Authors and Affiliations

Candelaria Tejada-Tovar
1
ORCID: ORCID
Ángel Villabona-Ortíz
1
ORCID: ORCID
Angel Dario Gonzalez-Delgado
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. University of Cartagena, Avenida del Consulado Calle 30 No. 48-152, Cartagena, Bolívar, Colombia

Numerical Modelling of Phase Diagrams of Copper Alloys for Optimization of Semi-Solid Forming

A. Madetko K. Sołek P. Drożdż
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2023 | vol. 68 | No 2 | 689-696 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2023.142450
Keywords thixoforming thermodynamic calculations copper alloys phase diagram
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Abstract

Processing of metal alloys in semi-solid state is a way of producing many near net-shape parts and nowadays is commercially successful. Particular behaviour of alloys in the partially liquid state, having non-dendritic microstructure, is a base for thixoforming processing. Processing materials in the semi-solid state concerns alloys with relatively wide solidification range. Thermodynamic modelling can be used as a one of a potential tools that allow to identify alloys with proper temperature range. It means that the key feature of alloys suitable for thixoforming is a widely enough melting range, allowing for precise control of material temperature. The data gathered from thermodynamics calculations can also pay off in the industrial thixoforming processes design. The goal of this paper is to identify copper alloys which can be successfully shaped in the semi-solid state. Apart to thermodynamic calculations, the observations on high temperature microscope was carried out. During experiments the solidus, liquidus and also deformation temperatures can be determined. An experimental work allows confirming results obtained within the confines of thermodynamic calculations and firstly to determine the deformation temperatures which are the optimal for shaping processes. The basic achievement of this work is an identification of copper alloy groups possible for shaping in the semi-solid state. At the first part of the paper, the basic criteria of suitable alloys were described. Next, both the solid fraction curves for copper alloys with different alloying elements using ProCAST software and the phase diagrams were determined to identify the solidification temperature ranges of these alloys. In the second part of these paper, the identification of the deformation temperatures was carried out with use of high temperature microscope observation.
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Authors and Affiliations

A. Madetko
1
ORCID: ORCID
K. Sołek
1
ORCID: ORCID
P. Drożdż
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland

Thermodynamic Analysis of the Graphite Flake Formation of Low Manganese and Sulfur Gray Cast Iron

G. Reyes-Castellanos A. Cruz-Ramírez E. Colin-García V.H. Gutiérrez-Pérez
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2021 | vol. 66 | No 1 | 249-258 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2021.134782
Keywords Gray iron inoculation cell count thermodynamic analysis
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Abstract

Low manganese and sulfur gray irons were produced by adding inoculant base Fe-Si with small amounts of Al and Ca in the ladle. The effect of the cast thickness, inoculant amount and shakeout time of the green sand molds were studied on the graphite flake formation by microscopically techniques. A thermodynamic analysis was carried out for the cast iron produced with the FactSage 7.2 software. Stability phase diagrams were obtained for both gray cast irons to different manganese (0.1 to 0.9 wt.%) and sulfur (0.01 to 0.12 wt.%) amounts to 1150°C. It was shown that lower amounts of manganese and sulfur allow forming the 3Al2O3·2SiO2, Al2O3, and ZrO2 solid compounds. The thermodynamic results match with those obtained by SEM-EDS. It is possible to form MnS particles in the liquid phase when the solubility product (%Mn) × (%S) equals 0.042 and 0.039 for heats A and B, respectively.

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Authors and Affiliations

G. Reyes-Castellanos
A. Cruz-Ramírez
E. Colin-García
V.H. Gutiérrez-Pérez

Thermodynamics and Kinetics Analysis on Carbothermic Reduction of Calcined Magnesite in Vacuum

Qifeng Tang Jinqing Ao Biyou Peng Biao Guo Tao Yang
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2022 | vol. 67 | No 3 | 1021-1026 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2022.139696
Keywords calcined magnesite carbothermic reduction vacuum thermodynamic kinetic
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Abstract

The carbothermic reduction of calcined magnesite in vacuum was studied. By thermodynamic analysis, the starting temperature of reduction reaction dropped from 2173K to 1523K when system pressure dropped from 1 atmosphere to 100 Pa. The experiments were carried out at different conditions under 10~100 Pa and the experimental results shown that the reduction extent of MgO improved by increasing the reaction temperature and time, the pellet forming pressure as well as adding fluoride as catalyst. The rate-determining step of carbothermic reduction process was gas diffusion with the apparent activation energy of 241.19~278.56 kJ/mol.
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Authors and Affiliations

Qifeng Tang
1
ORCID: ORCID
Jinqing Ao
1
ORCID: ORCID
Biyou Peng
1
ORCID: ORCID
Biao Guo
1
ORCID: ORCID
Tao Yang
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Xihua University, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chengdu 610039, PR China

Classical irreversible thermodynamics versus extended irreversible thermodynamics. The role of the continuity equation

Carmine Di Nucci Daniele Celli Piera Fischione Davide Pasquali
Archives of Thermodynamics | 2022 | vol. 43 | No 2 | 119-127 | DOI: 10.24425/ather.2022.141981
Keywords Classical irreversible thermodynamics Extended irreversible thermodynamics Elementary scales method Discrete approach
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Abstract

This brief note focuses on a simple fluid, i.e., a homogeneous, chemically inert, and electrically neutral fluid, for which, in the linear nonequilibrium regime, the thermodynamic state is expressed by a relation between pressure, temperature, and density. The approach based on the elementary scales is used to check the validity range of both the classical irreversible thermodynamics and the extended irreversible thermodynamics. The achieved result reveals that the classical irreversible thermodynamics fails in providing an adequate response when the mechanical solicitations exceed limit values.
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Bibliography

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Authors and Affiliations

Carmine Di Nucci
1
Daniele Celli
1
Piera Fischione
1
Davide Pasquali
1
  1. Environmental and Maritime Hydraulic Laboratory (LIAM), Civil, Construction-Architectural and Environmental Engineering Department (DICEAA), University of L’Aquila, Piazzale Ernesto Pontieri 1, Monteluco di Roio, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy

Thermodynamic Description of Ternary Fe-B-X Systems. Part 9: Fe-B-Cu

Jyrki Miettinen Ville-Valtteri Visuri Timo Fabritius
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2021 | vol. 66 | No 1 | 297-304 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2021.134787
Keywords phase diagrams thermodynamic modelling thermodynamic database Fe-based systems Fe-B-X systems Fe-B-Cu system
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Abstract

Thermodynamic descriptions of the ternary Fe-B-Cu system and its binary sub-system B-Cu aredeveloped in the context of a new Fe-B-X (X = Cr, Cu, Mn, Mo, Ni, Si, Ti, V, C) database. The thermodynamic parameters of the other binary sub-systems (Fe-B and Fe-Cu) are taken from earlier assessments. Experimental thermodynamic and phase equilibrium data available in the literature have been used for the optimization of the Fe-B-Cu and B-Cu systems’ thermodynamic parameters. The solution phases are described using a substitutional solution model and the compounds (two borides of the Fe-B system) are treated as stoichiometric phases. A good agreement was obtained between the calculated and the experimental thermodynamic and phase equilibrium data.

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Authors and Affiliations

Jyrki Miettinen
Ville-Valtteri Visuri
Timo Fabritius

Thermodynamic Description of Ternary Fe-B-X Systems. Part 5: Fe-B-Si

J. Miettinen V-V. Visuri T. Fabritius N. Milcheva G. Vassilev
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2019 | vol. 64 | No 4 | 1239-1248 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2019.130086
Keywords phase diagrams thermodynamic modeling Fe based systems Fe-B-X systems thermodynamic database Fe-B-Si system
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Abstract

Thermodynamic descriptions of the ternary Fe-B-Si system and its binary sub-system, B-Si, are developed in the context of a new Fe-B-X (X = Cr, Ni, Mn, V, Si, Ti, C) database. The thermodynamic parameters of the other binary sub-systems, Fe-Si and Fe-B, are taken from earlier assessments. Experimental thermodynamic and phase equilibrium data available in the literature has been used for the optimization of the thermodynamic parameters of the Fe-B-Si and B-Si systems. The solution phases are described using substitutional solution model and the compounds (silicides and borides) are treated as stoichiometric phases. The calculated and experimental thermodynamic and phase equilibrium data were found to be in good agreement.

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Authors and Affiliations

J. Miettinen
V-V. Visuri
T. Fabritius
N. Milcheva
G. Vassilev

Thermodynamic Description of Ternary Fe-B-X Systems. Part 6: Fe-B-Ti

J. Miettinen V-V. Visuri T. Fabritius N. Milcheva G. Vassilev
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2019 | vol. 64 | No 4 | 1249-1255 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2019.130087
Keywords phase diagrams thermodynamic modeling Fe based systems Fe-B-X systems thermodynamic database Fe-B-Ti system
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Abstract

Thermodynamic optimizations of the ternary Fe-B-Ti system and its binary sub-system, B-Ti are presented. The thermodynamic descriptions of the other binaries, Fe-Ti and Fe-B, are taken from the earlier studies slightly modifying the Fe-Ti system assessment. The adjustable parameters of the Fe-B-Ti and B-Ti systems are optimized in this study using the experimental thermodynamic and the phase equilibrium data from the literature. The solution phases of the system are described using the substitutional solution model and the compounds (including borides) are treated as stoichiometric phases. The results show a good correlation between the calculated and measured thermodynamic and phase equilibrium data.

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Authors and Affiliations

J. Miettinen
V-V. Visuri
T. Fabritius
N. Milcheva
G. Vassilev

Thermodynamic Description of Ternary Fe-B-X Systems. Part 7: Fe-B-C

J. Miettinen V.-V. Visuri T. Fabritius G. Vassilev
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2020 | vol. 65 | No 2 | 923-933 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2020.132840
Keywords phase diagrams thermodynamic modelling thermodynamic database Fe-B-X systems Fe-B-C system
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Abstract

Thermodynamic description of the Fe-B-C system in its iron-rich corner is developed in the context of a new Fe-B-X (X = Cr, Ni, Mn, Si, Ti, V, C) database. The thermodynamic parameters of the binary sub-systems, Fe-B, Fe-C and B-C, are taken from earlier assessments modifying the B-C description. The parameters of the Fe-B-C system are optimized in this study using experimental thermodynamic and phase equilibrium data from the literature. Liquid, beta-rhombo-B and graphite phases are described using the substitutional solution model, while the ferrite (bcc), the austenite (fcc), the cementite (M3C) and the M23C6 phases are described with the sublattice model and the borides, Fe2B, FeB and B4C, are treated as stoichiometric phases. A good correlation was obtained between the calculated and the experimental thermodynamic and phase equilibrium data. The description is recommended to be used at the composition region of wt% C + wt% B < 15 and at temperatures below 2700oC.

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Authors and Affiliations

J. Miettinen
V.-V. Visuri
T. Fabritius
G. Vassilev

Efficiency optimization of a closed indirectly fired gas turbine cycle working under two variable-temperature heat reservoirs

Zheshu Ma Jieer Wu
Archives of Thermodynamics | 2011 | No 2 August | 3-20 | DOI: 10.2478/v10173-011-0006-4
Keywords Indirectly fired gas turbine Bioenergy technology High temperature heat exchanger Finite time thermodynamics Cycle performance
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Abstract

Indirectly or externally fired gas turbines (IFGT or EFGT) are interesting technologies under development for small and medium scale combined heat and power (CHP) supplies in combination with micro gas turbine technologies. The emphasis is primarily on the utilization of the waste heat from the turbine in a recuperative process and the possibility of burning biomass even "dirty" fuel by employing a high temperature heat exchanger (HTHE) to avoid the combustion gases passing through the turbine. In this paper, finite time thermodynamics is employed in the performance analysis of a class of irreversible closed IFGT cycles coupled to variable temperature heat reservoirs. Based on the derived analytical formulae for the dimensionless power output and efficiency, the efficiency optimization is performed in two aspects. The first is to search the optimum heat conductance distribution corresponding to the efficiency optimization among the hot- and cold-side of the heat reservoirs and the high temperature heat exchangers for a fixed total heat exchanger inventory. The second is to search the optimum thermal capacitance rate matching corresponding to the maximum efficiency between the working fluid and the high-temperature heat reservoir for a fixed ratio of the thermal capacitance rates of the two heat reservoirs. The influences of some design parameters on the optimum heat conductance distribution, the optimum thermal capacitance rate matching and the maximum power output, which include the inlet temperature ratio of the two heat reservoirs, the efficiencies of the compressor and the gas turbine, and the total pressure recovery coefficient, are provided by numerical examples. The power plant configuration under optimized operation condition leads to a smaller size, including the compressor, turbine, two heat reservoirs and the HTHE.

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Authors and Affiliations

Zheshu Ma
Jieer Wu

Thermodynamic assessment of crude distillation units: case studies of Nigeria refineries

Funmilayo Nihinlola Osuolale Ambrose Nwora Anozie
Archives of Thermodynamics | 2019 | vol. 40 | No 4 | 83-102 | DOI: 10.24425/ather.2019.131429
Keywords Crude distillation unit Exergy efficiency Refineries Thermodynamic analysis
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Abstract

This paper presents the results of thermodynamic analysis of the crude distillation units of two refineries in Nigeria. The analysis was intended to assess the thermodynamic efficiencies of the refineries and proffer methods of improving the efficiencies. Presented results show the atmospheric distillation units of the refineries have 33.3% and 31.6% exergetic efficiencies and 86.5% and 74.6% energetic efficiencies, respectively. Modifications of the operating and feed conditions of the refineries resulted in increased exergetic efficiencies for as much as 62.3% and 38.7% for the refineries. Thermodynamic analysis of the refineries can bring about efficiency improvement and effectiveness of the refineries.

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Authors and Affiliations

Funmilayo Nihinlola Osuolale
Ambrose Nwora Anozie

A thermodynamic study on catalytic decomposition of hydrazine in a space thruster

Shahram Pakdehi Fatemeh Shirvani Reihaneh Zolfaghari
Archives of Thermodynamics | 2019 | vol. 40 | No 4 | 151-166 | DOI: 10.24425/ather.2019.131432
Keywords Catalytic thruster Hydrazine Ammonia Specific impulse Thermodynamic analysis
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Abstract

Most satellites stationed in space use catalytic propulsion systems for attitude control and orbit adjustment. Hydrazine is consumed extensively as liquid monopropellant, in the thrusters. Catalytic reactor is the most important section in the catalytic thruster. Ammonia and nitrogen gases are produced as a result of complete catalytic decomposition of hydrazine in the reactor, causing an increase in temperature and a rise in specific impulse. Ammonia is subsequently decomposed, leading to nitrogen and hydrogen gases. Decomposition of ammonia leads to a decrease in temperature, molecular weight and specific impulse. The latter phenomenon is unavoidable. The effect of ammonia decomposition on the reactor temperature, molecular weight of gaseous products and conclusively on specific impulse was studied in this article. At adiabatic state, thermodynamic analysis revealed that the maximum and minimum temperatures were 1655 K and 773 K, respectively. The highest molecular weight was obtained at ammonia conversion of zero and the lowest when ammonia conversion was 100%. The maximum specific impulse (305.4 S) was obtained at ammonia conversion of zero and completely conversion of ammonia, the minimum specific impulse (about 213.7 s) was obtained. For specific impulse, the result of thermodynamic calculation in this work was validated by the empirical results.

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Authors and Affiliations

Shahram Pakdehi
Fatemeh Shirvani
Reihaneh Zolfaghari

Research and development of a high-performance oxy-fuel combustion power cycle with coal gasification

Vladimir Kindra Andrey Rogalev Olga Vladimirovna Zlyvko Vladimir Sokolov Igor Milukov
Archives of Thermodynamics | 2021 | vol. 42 | No 4 | 155-168 | DOI: 10.24425/ather.2021.139656
Keywords carbon dioxide Oxy-fuel combustion Gasification energy efficiency thermodynamic analysis
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Abstract

Recent climate changes stimulate the search and introduction of solutions for the reduction of the anthropogenic effect upon the environment. Transition to the oxy-fuel combustion power cycles is an advanced method of CO2 emission reduction. In these energy units, the main fuel is natural gas but the cycles may also work on syngas produced by the solid fuel gasification process. This paper discloses a new highly efficient oxy-fuel combustion power cycle with coal gasification, which utilizes the syngas heat in two additional nitrogen gas turbine units. The cycle mathematics simulation and optimization result with the energy unit net efficiency of 40.43%. Parametric studies of the cycle show influence of the parameters upon the energy unit net efficiency. Change of the cycle fuel from natural gas to coal is followed by a nearly twice increase of the carbon dioxide emission from 4.63 to 9.92 gmCO2/kWh.
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Authors and Affiliations

Vladimir Kindra
1
Andrey Rogalev
1
Olga Vladimirovna Zlyvko
Vladimir Sokolov
1
Igor Milukov
1
  1. National Research University “Moscow Power Engineering Institute”, Krasnokazarmennaya 14, Moscow, 111250 Russia

Thermodynamics-based measurement of the velocity of high-temperature smoke

Haoyu Wang
Archives of Thermodynamics | 2023 | vol. 44 | No 1 | 23-36 | DOI: 10.24425/ather.2023.145875
Keywords thermodynamics smoke flow velocity measurement Kalman filter algorithm
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Abstract

In view of the high cost and difficulty of ensuring the accuracy in the measurement of fire smoke velocity, the measurement system developed using platinum resistance temperature detectors and an 8-bit microcontroller, is used to realize the fast measurement of high-temperature fire smoke velocity. The system is based on the thermodynamic method and adopts the Kalman filter algorithm to process the measurement data, so as to eliminate noise and interference, and reduce measurement error. The experimental results show that the Kalman filter algorithm can effectively improve the measurement accuracy of fire smoke velocity. It is also shown that the system has high measurement accuracy, short reaction time, low cost, and is characterized by high performance in the measurement of high-temperature smoke velocity in experiments and practice.
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Authors and Affiliations

Haoyu Wang
1
  1. Department of Fire Engineering, China Fire and Rescue Institute, Nanyan 4, Changping District, 102202, Beijing, China

Research on oxy-fuel combustion power cycle using nitrogen for turbine cooling

Vladimir Kindra Andrey Rogalev Olga Vladimirovna Zlyvko Alexey Zonov Matvey Smirnov Ilya Kaplanovich
Archives of Thermodynamics | 2020 | vol. 41 | No 4 | 191-202 | DOI: 10.24425/ather.2020.135859
Keywords carbon dioxide thermodynamic analysis parametric optimization multistream regenerator gas turbine
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Abstract

One of the problems in Russia Power Sector strategy until 2035 is the technologies development for mitigation of harmful emissions by the heat and power production industry. This goal may be reached by the transition to environmentally friendly generation units such as oxy-fuel combustion power cycles that burn organic fuels in pure oxygen. This paper provides the results of research on one of the most efficient oxy-fuel combustion power cycle, which was modified by the usage of nitrogen for turbine cooling. The computer simulation and parametric optimization approaches are described in detail. The net efficiency of the oxy-fuel combustion power cycle in relationship to the carbon dioxide turbine exhaust pressure is shown. Moreover, the influence of the regenerator scheme and modeling parameters on heat performance is obtained. Particularly, it was found that the transition to a scheme with five two-threaded heat exchangers decrease cycle efficiency by 4.2% compare to a scheme with a multi-stream regenerator.

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Authors and Affiliations

Vladimir Kindra
Andrey Rogalev
Olga Vladimirovna Zlyvko
Alexey Zonov
Matvey Smirnov
Ilya Kaplanovich

The elimination of lead(II) ions in a solution by bio-adsorption: Kinetics, equilibrium, and thermodynamics

Candelaria Tejada-Tovar Humberto Bonilla-Mancilla Rodrigo Ortega Toro Ángel Villabona-Ortíz Manuel Díaz-Illanes
Journal of Water and Land Development | 2022 | No 53 | 118-127 | DOI: 10.24425/jwld.2022.140787
Keywords bio-adsorption cattle manure heavy metals isotherm of Langmuir thermodynamic parameters
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Abstract

In the present study, the removal capacity of Pb(II) ions was investigated using the biomass of dried cattle manure in an aqueous solution. The biomaterials were characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) techniques. The results reveal that the adsorption mechanism may be associated with the interaction between Pb(II) ions and functional groups through aggregation, coordination, ion exchange, microprecipitation, oxidation, and hydrophobicity. The bio-adsorption of the metal was analysed in discontinuous tests; the effect of temperature, pH, agitation, and adsorbent dose was evaluated. The maximum adsorption capacity was determined at pH 7.5, 18°C and 200 rpm. The bio-adsorption of Pb(II) was best fitted to the pseudo-second order model. The experimental data of the isotherm were adjusted to the models of Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin–Radushkevich; while Langmuir’s model related better to the experimental data forming a single layer at saturation. The rate of adsorption was rapid, reaching equilibrium after 25 min and removal of 96.8%. Thermodynamic parameters determined that the process was viable, spontaneous, and exothermic. The present study contributes mainly to demonstrating that a biomaterial prepared from bovine manure is a promising adsorbent for heavy metals such as Pb(II). It also reduces the environmental impact of this waste through the generation of greenhouse gases in countries that maintain intensive livestock. Another important aspect is the reduction of the micro- and macronutrients accumulation in soil and contamination of surface waters and aquifers by runoff and seepage during rainy periods.
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Authors and Affiliations

Candelaria Tejada-Tovar
1
ORCID: ORCID
Humberto Bonilla-Mancilla
2
ORCID: ORCID
Rodrigo Ortega Toro
3
ORCID: ORCID
Ángel Villabona-Ortíz
1
ORCID: ORCID
Manuel Díaz-Illanes
2
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Universidad de Cartagena, Department of Chemical Engineering, Cartagena de Indias, Colombia
  2. Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú, Faculty of Forestry and Environmental Sciences, Huancayo, Peru
  3. Universidad de Cartagena, Department of Food Engineering, Av. del Consulado St. 30 No. 48-152, 130001, Cartagena de Indias, Colombia

Fundamental study of the photocatalytic reduction of CO 2: A short review of thermodynamics, kinetics and mechanisms

Romil Gandhi Aashish Moses Saroj Sundar Baral
Chemical and Process Engineering | 2022 | vol. 43 | No 2 (The International Chemical Engineering Conference 2021 (ICHEEC): 100 Glorious Years of Chemical Engineering and Technology, held from September 16–19, 2021 at Dr B. R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, Punjab, India. Guest editor: Dr Raj Kumar Arya, Dr Anurag Kumar Tiwari) | 223-228 | DOI: 10.24425/cpe.2022.140825
Keywords CO2 to fuels hydrocarbon production thermodynamics photocatalysis mechanism
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Abstract

On the off chance that methods which reduce the global CO 2 content are unavailable and inefficient, the increasing CO 2 levels will lead to a synchronized rise in temperature across the world. The conversion of this abundant CO 2 into hydrocarbons like CH 4, CH 3OH, CO, HCOOH and hydrogen fuel using different techniques and their use for power could assist with the world’s energy deficiency and solve the CO 2 reduction-energy nexus. In this study, photocatalytic CO 2 conversion by sunlight will be of primary focus since this bears a resemblance with the regular photosynthesis phenomenon. This work also portrays the writings that have narrated the development of mixtures of two or more carbon ions (C 2+) within the photocatalytic reduction of CO 2. This paper thus comprises the energy required for CO 2 photoreduction, the kinetics mechanisms and thermodynamics requirements. The reaction of CO with water and the hydrogenation of CO 2 are covered to understand the gap of Gibb’s free energy between both of the reactions. Likewise, the summary of different metal-based co-catalysts, metal-free co-catalysts and their selectivity towards CO 2 reduction by photocatalysis and reduction of CO 2 into various hydrocarbons, fuel and materials have also been examined.
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Authors and Affiliations

Romil Gandhi
1
Aashish Moses
1
Saroj Sundar Baral
1
  1. BITS Pilani K.K. Birla Goa Campus, Department of Chemical Engineering, Goa, India – 403726

Thermodynamic Phase Diagram and Phonon stability, Electronic and Optical Properties of FeVSb: A DFT study

A. Bagheri A. Boochani S.R. Masharian F.H. Jafarpour
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2023 | vol. 68 | No 1 | 331-338 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2023.141509
Keywords DFT Thermodynamic Phase Diagram Phonon Electronic properties Optical properties
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Abstract

Mechanical, electronic, thermodynamic phase diagram and optical properties of the FeVSb half-Heusler have been studied based on the density functional theory (DFT) framework. Studies have shown that this structure in the MgAgAs-type phase has static and dynamic mechanical stability with high thermodynamic phase consistency. Electronic calculations showed that this compound is a p-type semiconductor with an indirect energy gap of 0.39 eV. This compound’s optical response occurs in the infrared, visible regions, and at higher energies its dielectric sign is negative. The Plasmon oscillations have occurred in 20 eV, and its refraction index shifts to zero in 18 eV.
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Authors and Affiliations

A. Bagheri
1
A. Boochani
2
S.R. Masharian
1
F.H. Jafarpour
3
  1. Department of Physics, Hamedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Hamedan, Iran
  2. Department of Physics, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran
  3. Physics Department, Bu-Ali Sina University, 65174-4161 Hamedan, Iran

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