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Influence of Tungsten and Titanium on the Structure of Chromium Cast Iron

D. Kopyciński S. Piasny
Archives of Foundry Engineering | 2012 | No 1 | DOI: 10.2478/v10266-012-0011-3
Keywords Chromium cast iron Chromium carbide Titanium Carbide Tungsten carbide
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Abstract

The paper analyses the as-cast state structure of chromium cast iron designed for operation under harsh impact-abrasive conditions. In the process of chromium iron castings manufacture, very strong influence on the structure of this material have the parameters of the technological process. Among others, adding to the Fe-Cr-C alloy the alloying elements like tungsten and titanium leads to the formation of additional carbides in the structure of this cast iron, which may favourably affect the casting properties, including the resistance to abrasive wear.

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Authors and Affiliations

D. Kopyciński
S. Piasny

Investigating the Effects of Gel Casting Parameters on the Suspension Rheology and Mechanical Properties of Titanium Carbide Green Body

H. Foratirad H.R. Baharvandi Ghanadi Maragheh M.
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2018 | vol. 63 | No 2 | DOI: 10.24425/118977
Keywords Titanium Carbide Gel-casting Rheological Behavior Gelation time Viscosity
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Abstract

In this paper the chemo-rheological behavior of aqueous TiC suspension and physical properties of gelcasted green body were investigated. The monomer system used in this project was acrylamide (AM) and methylenebisacrylamide (MBAM). Polymerisation reaction was promoted by the addition of tetramethyl ethylenediamine as a catalyst and ammonium persulfate as a initiator. The effects of tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH), polyethylenimine (PEI) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) dispersants on the premix solution containing TiC powder have been studied via observation of the zeta potential and rheological behavior. The optimal amount of TMAH was achieved 0.4 wt.% at pH 9. The chemorheological results showed that the gelation time decreased and viscosity increased with increasing the monomer content, solid loading, initiator amount and temperature. The highest flexural strength of gel casted green body was obtained with 50 vol% solid loading and 25 wt.% monomers content.
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Authors and Affiliations

H. Foratirad
H.R. Baharvandi
Ghanadi Maragheh M.

Changes in Abrasive Wear Resistance During Miller Test of Cr-Ni Cast Steel with Ti Carbides Formed in the Alloy Matrix

Grzegorz Tęcza
Archives of Foundry Engineering | 2021 | vo. 21 | No 4 | 110-115 | DOI: 10.24425/afe.2021.139758
Keywords Chromium-nickel cast steel Microstructure Titanium carbides Hardness Abrasion
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Abstract


Austenitic chromium-nickel cast steel is used for the production of machine parts and components operating under corrosive conditions combined with abrasive wear. One of the most popular grades is the GX2CrNi18-9 grade, which is used in many industries, and mainly in the chemical, food and mining industries for tanks, feeders, screws and pumps.
To improve the abrasion resistance of chromium-nickel cast steel, primary titanium carbides were produced in the metallurgical process by increasing the carbon content and adding titanium, which after alloy solidification yielded the test castings with the microstructure consisting of an austenitic matrix and primary carbides evenly distributed in this matrix.
The measured hardness of the samples in both as-cast conditions and after solution heat treatment was from 300 to 330HV0.02 and was higher by about 40-70 units compared to the reference GX2CrNi18-9 cast steel, which had the hardness of 258HV0.02.
The abrasive wear resistance of the tested chromium-nickel cast steel, measured in the Miller test, increased by at least 20% (with the content of 1.3 wt% Ti). Increasing the Ti content in the samples to 5.3 and 6.9 wt% reduced the wear 2.5 times compared to the common GX2CrNi18-9 cast steel.
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Bibliography

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[11] Tęcza, G. & Zapała, R. (2018). Changes in impact strength and abrasive wear resistance of cast high manganese steel due to the formation of primary titanium carbides. Archives of Foundry Engineering. 18(1), 119-122.
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Authors and Affiliations

Grzegorz Tęcza
ORCID: ORCID

Effect of Carbon Content on the Microstructure and Properties of Ti-6Al-4V alloy

A. Szkliniarz W. Szkliniarz
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2020 | vol. 65 | No 3 | 1197-1204 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2020.133239
Keywords titanium alloys carbon addition titanium carbides microstructure properties
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Abstract

The article shows the effect of the increased carbon content on the microstructure and properties of two-phase titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V. Alloys with different carbon content (0.2 and 0.5 wt.%) were produced in vacuum induction furnace with cooper crucible. It was shown that the addition of carbon at the level of 0.2 wt.% increases hardness and strength properties, affects structural stability, results in grain refinement as well as improves creep and oxidation resistance. However, it has a negative effect on plastic deformation. Increasing the carbon content to the 0.5 wt.% causes the further improvement in the creep and oxidation resistance and microstructure refinement of the tested alloys, resulting also in decrease such properties as plasticity, hot deformability and in case of the susceptibility to cold plastic deformation to unacceptable level.

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Authors and Affiliations

A. Szkliniarz
W. Szkliniarz

Changes in the Microstructure and Abrasion Resistance of Tool Cast Steel after the Formation of Titanium Carbides in the Alloy Matrix

Grzegorz Tęcza
Archives of Foundry Engineering | 2023 | vol. 23 | No 4 | 173-180 | DOI: 10.24425/afe.2023.148961
Keywords Cast tool steel Microstructure Titanium carbides Heat treatment Hardness Resistance to abrasive wear
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Abstract

Cast martensitic alloy steel is used for the production of parts and components of machines operating under conditions of abrasive wear. One of the most popular grades is cast steel GX70CrMnSiNiMo2 steel, which is used in many industries, but primarily in the mining and material processing sectors for rings and balls operating in the grinding sets of coal mills. To improve the abrasion resistance of cast alloy tool steel, primary titanium carbides were produced in the metallurgical process by increasing the carbon content to 1.78 wt.% and adding 5.00 wt.% of titanium to test castings. After alloy solidification, the result was the formation of a microstructure consisting of a martensitic matrix with areas of residual austenite and primary titanium carbides evenly distributed in this matrix.
The measured as-cast hardness of the samples was 660HV and it increased to as much as 800HV after heat treatment.
The abrasion resistance of the sample hardened in a 15% polymer solution increased at least three times compared to the reference sample after quenching and tempering.
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Bibliography

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[12] Sobula, S., Olejnik, E. & Tokarski, T. (2017). Wear resistance of TiC reinforced cast steel matrix composite. Archives of foundry engineering. 17(1), 143-146. DOI: 10.1515/afe-2017-0026.
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[17] Valdes, V.H., Guerra, F.V., Bedolla Jacuinde, A. & Pacheco-Cedeño, J. (2023). Development and characterization of a cast steel reinforced with primary carbides for high strength and severe wear applications. MRS Advances. 8, 1139-1143. DOI: 10.1557/s43580-023-00699-8.
[18] Tęcza, G. & Zapała, R. (2018). Changes in impact strength and abrasive wear resistance of cast high manganese steel due to the formation of primary titanium carbides. Archives of Foundry Engineering. 18(1), 119-122. DOI: 10.24425/118823.
[19] Tęcza, G. & Garbacz-Klempka A. (2016). Microstructure of cast high-manganese steel containing titanium. Archives of Foundry Engineering. 16(4), 163-168. ISSN (1897-3310).
[20] Tęcza, G. (2021). Changes in abrasive wear resistance during Miller test of Cr-Ni cast steel with Ti carbides formed in the alloy matrix. Archives of Foundry Engineering. 21(4), 110-115. DOI: 10.24425/afe.2021.139758.,
[21] Kalandyk, B. & Zapała, R. (2013). Effect of high-manganese cast steel strain hardening on the abrasion wear resistance in a mixture of SiC and water. Archives of Foundry Engineering. 13(4), 63-66. ISSN (1897-3310).
[22] Kasinska, J. & Kalandyk, B.(2017). Effects of rare earth metal addition on wear resistance of chromium-molybdenum cast steel. Archives of Foundry Engineering. 17(3), 63-68. DOI: 10.1515/afe-2017-0092.
[23] Sobula, S. & Kraiński, S. (2021). Effect of SiZr modification on the microstructure and properties of high manganese cast steel. Archives of Foundry Engineering. 21(4), 82-86. Doi: 10.24425/afe.2021.138683.
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Authors and Affiliations

Grzegorz Tęcza
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. AGH University of Krakow, Poland

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