How to search?
advanced search

Search results

Filters

  • Journals
  • Authors
  • Keywords
  • Date
  • Type

Search results

Number of results: 5
items per page: 25 50 75
Sort by:

Influence of Molding Materials on the Self-Hardening of X46Cr13 Steel / Grey Cast Iron Bimetallic Castings

N. Przyszlak T. Wróbel A. Dulska
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2021 | vol. 66 | No 1 | 43-50 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2021.134757
Keywords Bimetallic casting Grey cast iron Tool steel hardness microstructure
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

The paper presents the problem which concerning the technology of bimetallic castings in materials configuration: high-chromium steel as the working layer and grey cast iron as the base part. The aim of the studies was integrate the process of manufacturing of bimetallic casting with the heat treatment of hardening type of X46Cr13 steel insert by applying the mould with sandmix on a matrix of chromite sand. Range of studies included the chemical composition analysis, non-destructive ultrasonic tests to examine the quality of the permanent bond between the working layer (steel insert) and the base part (grey cast iron) of the bimetallic castings, hardness measurements as well as metallographic examinations performed on the optical and scanning electron microscopes. On the basis of obtained results was concluded that the self-hardening process occurred in the X46Cr 13 steel working layer and in result of this the hardness on its surface equalled approx. 45HRC in case of the bimetallic castings with full permanent bond between both parts.

Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

N. Przyszlak
T. Wróbel
ORCID: ORCID
A. Dulska
ORCID: ORCID

Dual Speed Laser Re-melting for High Densification in H13 Tool Steel Metal 3D Printing

Im Doo Jung Jungho Choe Jaecheol Yun Sangsun Yang Dong-Yeol Yang Yong-Jin Kim Ji-Hun Yu
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2019 | vol. 64 | No 2 | 571-578 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2019.127580
Keywords Metal 3d printing Powder bed fusion Selective laser melting H13 tool steel re-melting
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

The densification behavior of H13 tool steel powder by dual speed laser scanning strategy have been characterized for selective laser melting process, one of powder bed fusion based metal 3d printing. Under limited given laser power, the laser re-melting increases the relative density and hardness of H13 tool steel with closing pores. The single melt-pool analysis shows that the pores are located on top area of melt pool when the scanning speed is over 400 mm/s while the low scanning speed of 200 mm/s generates pores beneath the melt pool in the form of keyhole mode with the high energy input from the laser. With the second laser scanning, the pores on top area of melt pools are efficiently closed with proper dual combination of scan speed. However pores located beneath the melt pools could not be removed by second laser scanning. When each layer of 3d printing are re-melted, the relative density and hardness are improved for most dual combination of scanning. Among the scan speed combination, the 600 mm/s by 400 mm/s leads to the highest relative density, 99.94 % with hardness of 53.5 HRC. This densification characterization with H13 tool steel laser re-melting can be efficiently applied for tool steel component manufacturing via metal 3d printing.

Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Im Doo Jung
Jungho Choe
Jaecheol Yun
Sangsun Yang
Dong-Yeol Yang
Yong-Jin Kim
Ji-Hun Yu

Changes in the Microstructure and Abrasion Resistance of Tool Cast Steel after the Formation of Titanium Carbides in the Alloy Matrix

Grzegorz Tęcza
Archives of Foundry Engineering | 2023 | vol. 23 | No 4 | 173-180 | DOI: 10.24425/afe.2023.148961
Keywords Cast tool steel Microstructure Titanium carbides Heat treatment Hardness Resistance to abrasive wear
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

Cast martensitic alloy steel is used for the production of parts and components of machines operating under conditions of abrasive wear. One of the most popular grades is cast steel GX70CrMnSiNiMo2 steel, which is used in many industries, but primarily in the mining and material processing sectors for rings and balls operating in the grinding sets of coal mills. To improve the abrasion resistance of cast alloy tool steel, primary titanium carbides were produced in the metallurgical process by increasing the carbon content to 1.78 wt.% and adding 5.00 wt.% of titanium to test castings. After alloy solidification, the result was the formation of a microstructure consisting of a martensitic matrix with areas of residual austenite and primary titanium carbides evenly distributed in this matrix.
The measured as-cast hardness of the samples was 660HV and it increased to as much as 800HV after heat treatment.
The abrasion resistance of the sample hardened in a 15% polymer solution increased at least three times compared to the reference sample after quenching and tempering.
Go to article

Bibliography

[1] Głownia, J. (2002). Alloy steel castings-applications. Kraków: Fotobit. (in Polish).
[2] Dobrzański, L.A. (2006). Engineering materials and material design. Warszawa: WNT. (in Polish).
[3] Metals Handbook, (1990). 10-th Ed., vol. 1. ASM International.
[4] Głownia, J., Tęcza, G., Sobula, S., Kalandyk, B., Dzieja, A. (2007). Determination of the content and effect of residual austenite on the properties of cast L70H2GNM steel. Research done for Metalodlew S.A., unpublished. (in Polish).
[5] Głownia, J. (2017). Metallurgy and technology of steel castings. Sharjah: Bentham Science Publishers, cop.
[6] Mirzaee, M., Momeni, A., Keshmiri, H. & Razavinejad, R. (2014). Effect of titanium and niobium on modifying the microstructure of cast K100 tool steel. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B. 45, 2304-2314. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-014-0150-8.
[7] Grabnar, K., Burja, J., Balaško, T., Nagode, A. & Medved, J. (2022). The influence of Nb, Ta and Ti modification on hot-work tool-steel grain growth during austenitization. Materiali in tehnologije. 56(3), 331-338. https://doi.org/10.17222/mit.2022.486.
[8] Srivastava, A.K. & Das, K. (2009). Microstructural and Mechanical Characterization of in Situ TiC and (Ti,W)C-Reinforced High Manganese Austenitic Steel Matrix Composites. Materials Science & Engineering A. 516, 1–6.
[9] Das, K., Bandyopadhyay, T.K. & Das, S. (2002). A review on the various synthesis routes of TiC reinforced ferrous based composites. Jurnal of Materials Science. 516(1-2), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2009.04.041.
[10] Olejnik, E., Janas, A., Kolbus, A. & Sikora, G. (2011). The composition of reaction substrates for TiC carbides synthesis and its influence on the thickness of iron casting composite layer. Archives of Foundry Engineering. 11(spec.2), 165-168. ISSN (1897-3310).
[11] Olejnik, E., Tokarski, T., Sikora, G., Sobula, S., Maziarz, W., Szymański, Ł. & Grabowska, B. (2019). The effect of Fe addition on fragmentation phenomena, macrostructure, microstructure, and hardness of TiC-Fe local reinforcements fabricated in situ in steel casting. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A. 50, 975-986. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-018-4992-6.
[12] Sobula, S., Olejnik, E. & Tokarski, T. (2017). Wear resistance of TiC reinforced cast steel matrix composite. Archives of foundry engineering. 17(1), 143-146. DOI: 10.1515/afe-2017-0026.
[13] Montealegre, M., Castro, G., Arias, J., Fernández-Vicente, A., Vázquez, J. (2008). Tool steel laser surface modification with TiC. In 3rd Pacific International Conference on Application of Lasers and Optics 2008, (pp. 890-894). Torneiros, Spain.
[14] Balanou, M., Karmiris-Obratański, P.P., Emmanouil-Lazaros., G.N., Markopoulos, A. (2021). Surface modification of tool steel by using EDM green powder metallurgy electrodes. In IOP Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering, 14-15 December 2021 (pp. 012014). Athens, Greece.
[15] Szymański, Ł., Olejnik, E., Tokarski, T., Kurtyka, P., Drożyński, D. & Żymankowska-Kumon, S. (2018). Reactive casting coatings for obtaining in situ composite layers based on Fe alloys. Surface and Coatings Technology. 350, 346-358. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2018.06.085.
[16] Szymański, Ł., Olejnik, E., Sobczak, J.J., Szala, M., Kurtyka, P., Tokarski, T. & Janas, A. (2022). Dry sliding, slurry abrasion and cavitation erosion of composite layers reinforced by TiC fabricated in situ in cast steel and gray cast iron. Journal of Materials Processing Technology. 308, 117688. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2022.117688.
[17] Valdes, V.H., Guerra, F.V., Bedolla Jacuinde, A. & Pacheco-Cedeño, J. (2023). Development and characterization of a cast steel reinforced with primary carbides for high strength and severe wear applications. MRS Advances. 8, 1139-1143. DOI: 10.1557/s43580-023-00699-8.
[18] Tęcza, G. & Zapała, R. (2018). Changes in impact strength and abrasive wear resistance of cast high manganese steel due to the formation of primary titanium carbides. Archives of Foundry Engineering. 18(1), 119-122. DOI: 10.24425/118823.
[19] Tęcza, G. & Garbacz-Klempka A. (2016). Microstructure of cast high-manganese steel containing titanium. Archives of Foundry Engineering. 16(4), 163-168. ISSN (1897-3310).
[20] Tęcza, G. (2021). Changes in abrasive wear resistance during Miller test of Cr-Ni cast steel with Ti carbides formed in the alloy matrix. Archives of Foundry Engineering. 21(4), 110-115. DOI: 10.24425/afe.2021.139758.,
[21] Kalandyk, B. & Zapała, R. (2013). Effect of high-manganese cast steel strain hardening on the abrasion wear resistance in a mixture of SiC and water. Archives of Foundry Engineering. 13(4), 63-66. ISSN (1897-3310).
[22] Kasinska, J. & Kalandyk, B.(2017). Effects of rare earth metal addition on wear resistance of chromium-molybdenum cast steel. Archives of Foundry Engineering. 17(3), 63-68. DOI: 10.1515/afe-2017-0092.
[23] Sobula, S. & Kraiński, S. (2021). Effect of SiZr modification on the microstructure and properties of high manganese cast steel. Archives of Foundry Engineering. 21(4), 82-86. Doi: 10.24425/afe.2021.138683.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Grzegorz Tęcza
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. AGH University of Krakow, Poland

Welding and Corrosion Behavior of AISI H13 Welds: The Effect of Filler Metal on the Microstructural Evolutions

Sadegh Varmaziar Hossein Mostaan Mahdi Rafiei Mahdi Yeganeh
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2021 | vol. 66 | No 3 | 839-846 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2021.136388
Keywords AISI H13 tool steel Gas tungsten arc welding Filler metal Corrosion Microstructure
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

Welding of AISI H13 tool steel which is mainly used in mold making is difficult due to the some alloying elements and it high hardenability. The effect filler metal composition on the microstructural changes, phase evolutions, and hardness during gas tungsten arc welding of AISI H13 hot work tool steel was investigated. Corrosion resistance of each weld was studied. For this purpose, four filler metals i.e. ER 312, ER NiCrMo-3, ER 80S, and 18Ni maraging steel were supplied. Potentiodynamic polarization test and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were used to study the corrosion behavior of weldments. It was found the ER 80S weld showed the highest hardness owing to fully martensitic microstructure. The hardness in ER 312 and ER NiCrMo3 weld metals was noticeably lower than that of the other weld metals in which the microstructures mainly consisted of austenite phase. The results showed that the corrosion rate of ER 312 weld metal was lower than that other weld metals which is due to the high chromium content in this weld metal. The corrosion rate of ER NiCrMo-3 was lower than that of 18Ni maraging weld. The obtained results from EIS tests confirm the findings of potentiodynamic polarization tests.
Go to article

Bibliography

[1] B. Uddeholm, Bohler-Uddeholm H13 tool steel, 2013.
[2] J . Wang, Z. Xu, and X. Lu, J. Mater. Eng. Perform. 29 (3), 1849- 1859 (2020).
[3] G .A. Roberts, R. Kennedy, G. Krauss, Tool steels, 1998 ASM international.
[4] S. Jhavar, C.P. Paul, N.K. Jain, Eng. Fail. Anal. 34, 519-535 (2013).
[5] R .A. Meaquita, C.A. Barbosa, Proceedings of Machining, 2004 Sao Paulo.
[6] R .A. Mesquita, R. Schneider, Exacta. 8 (3), 307-318 (2010).
[7] W.T. Preciado, C.E.N. Bohorquez, Mater. Process. Technol. 179 (1-3), 244-250 (2006).
[8] A. Skumavc, J. Tušek, M. Mulc, D. Klobčar, Metalurgija. 53 (4), 517-520 (2014).
[9] J . Chen, S.-H. Wang, L. Xue, Mater. Sci. 47 (2), 779-792 (2012).
[10] A. Košnik, J. Tušek, L. Kosec, T. Muhič, Metalurgija. 50 (4), 231-234 (2011).
[11] S. Thompson, Handbook of mould: Tool and die repair welding, 1999 Elsevier.
[12] T. Branza, A. Duchosal, G. Fras, F. Deschaux-Beaume, P. Lours, Mater. Process.
[13] P. Peças, E. Henriques, B. Pereira, M. Lino, M. Silva, Build Futur. Innov. (2006).
[14] L.E.E. Jae-Ho, J. Jeong-Hwan, J.O.O. Byeong-Don, Y.I.M. Hong- Sup, M. Young-Hoon, Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China. 19, 284-287 (2009).
[15] S.U.N. Yahong, S. Hanaki, H. Uchida, H. Sunada, N. Tsujii, Mater. Sci. Technol. 19, 91-93 (2009).
[16] R .H.G. e Silva, L.E. dos Santos Paes, C. Marques, K.C. Riffel, M.B. Schwedersky, J. Brazilian Soc. Mech. Sci. Eng. 41 (1), 38 (2019).
[17] K . Somlo, G. Sziebig, Ifac-papersonline. 52 (22), 101-107 (2019). [18] J .-L. Desir, Eng. Fail. Anal. 8 (5), 423-437 (2001).
[19] J .C. Lippold, Welding metallurgy and weldability, 2015 Wiley Online Library.
[20] J .R. Davis, Corrosion of weldments, 2006 ASM international.
[21] R .G. Buchheit Jr, J.P. Moran, G.E. Stoner, Corrosion. 46 (8), 610- 617 (1990).
[22] K .A. Chiang, Y.C. Chen, Mater. Lett. 59 (14-15), 1919-1923 (2005).
[23] C.F.G. Baxter, J. Irwin, R. Francis, The Third International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference, 1993.
[24] M . Liljas, Glas. Scotland, Keynote Pap. V. 2, 13-16 (1994).
[25] J . Lippol, J.K. Damian, Welding metallurgy and weldability of stainless steels, 2005 John Wiley & Sons, New York.
[26] J .C. Lippold, S.D. Kiser, J.N. DuPont, Welding metallurgy and weldability of nickel-base alloys, 2011 John Wiley & Sons.
[27] R .M. Rasouli I, Metall. Eng. 21 (1), 54-71 (2018). [28] S. Kou, Welding metallurgy, 2003 John Wiley & Sons, New Jersey.
[29] M . Stern, A.L. Geary, Electrochem. Soc. 104 (1), 56-63 (1957).
[30] Y. Zhang, J. You, J. Lu, C. Cui, Y. Jiang, X. Ren, Surf. Coatings Technol. 204 (24), 3947-3953 (2010).
[31] E .E. Stansbury, R.A. Buchanan, Fundamentals of electrochemical corrosion, 2000 ASM international.
[32] M . Yeganeh, M. Saremi, Prog. Org. Coatings. 79, 25-30 (2015).
[33] P. Langford, J. Broomfield, Constr. Repair. 1 (2), (1987).
[34] A. Aguilar, A.A. Sagüés, R.G. Powers, Corrosion Rates of Steel in Concrete, 1990 ASTM International.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Sadegh Varmaziar
1
ORCID: ORCID
Hossein Mostaan
1
ORCID: ORCID
Mahdi Rafiei
2
ORCID: ORCID
Mahdi Yeganeh
3
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Faculty of Engineering, Department of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, Arak University, Arak 38156-8-8349, Iran
  2. Advanced Materials Research Center, Department of Materials Engineering, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran
  3. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran

Effect of Post-Heat Treatment on the Impact Toughness and Crack Propagation Mechanism of AISI D2 Tool Steel Manufactured by Direct Energy Deposition

Jung-Hyun Park Kyu-Sik Kim Yong-Mo Koo Jin-Young Kim Min-Chul Kim Kee-Ahn Lee
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2023 | vol. 68 | No 1 | 119-122 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2023.141483
Keywords AISI D2 tool steel Direct Energy Deposition Post-heat treatment impact toughness Fractograpy
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

This study investigated the effect of heat treatment on the microstructure and impact toughness property of AISI D2 manufactured with direct energy deposition (DED) and compared the results with conventional wrought material. The fracture crack propagation behavior was examined in connection with microstructures through fracture surface analysis. AISI D2 manufactured with DED had a eutectic structure that turned into a net-type carbide after heat treatment, and Cr-rich needle-type secondary carbide was observed. Impact toughness of DED AISI D2 measured 2.0 J/cm2 in the as-built sample and 1.1 J/cm2 in the heat-treated sample. Compared to a wrought heat-treated AISI D2, DED AISI D2 had relatively low impact toughness. DED AISI D2 and wrought material had different crack propagation mechanisms. In DED AISI D2, the eutectic structure and net-type carbide boundary were identified as the major microstructural factor decreasing impact toughness.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Jung-Hyun Park
1
ORCID: ORCID
Kyu-Sik Kim
1
ORCID: ORCID
Yong-Mo Koo
2
ORCID: ORCID
Jin-Young Kim
3
ORCID: ORCID
Min-Chul Kim
4
Kee-Ahn Lee
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Inha University, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Incheon 22212, Korea
  2. Changsung Corp., Incheon, 21628, Korea
  3. Maxrotech Corp., Daegu, 42703, Korea
  4. Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), Daejeon 34057, Korea

This page uses 'cookies'. Learn more