Underground spaces having features such as stability, resistance, and being undetected can play a key role in reducing vulnerability by relocating infrastructures and manpower. In recent years, the competitive business environment and limited resources have mostly focused on the importance of project management in order to achieve its objectives. In this research, in order to find the best balance among cost, time, and quality related to construction projects using reinforced concrete in underground structures, a multi-objective mathematical model is proposed. Several executive approaches have been considered for project activities and these approaches are analyzed via several factors. It is assumed that cost, time, and quality of activities in every defined approach can vary between compact and normal values, and the goal is to find the best execution for activities, achieving minimum cost and the maximum quality for the project. To solve the proposed multi-objective model, the genetic algorithm NSGA-II is used.

Underground structures have gained importance in recent times all over the globe. Successful completion of such ventures hinges on accurate and realistic design which is neither optimistic nor conservative, and a balanced design is the need of the hour. The present work shows a comparative study on support design, such as Terzhagi’s load theory and quantitative methods of Rock mass quality (Q), Rock Mass Rating of Bieniawski, and PLAXIS-2D Numerical modeling. The results obtained show that final support measures such as shotcreting, thickness, rock bolting, length, frequency, and requirements of steel supports are better. Based on engineering judgment and analytical approaches, realistic support measures were obtained for an access tunnel to be excavated in Nilagiri, Tamil Nadu.