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Frequency control of voltage sourced converter-based multi-terminal direct current interconnected system based on virtual synchronous generator

Congshan Li Xiaowei Zhang Ping He Zikai Zhen Kefeng Zhao
Archives of Electrical Engineering | 2023 | vol. 72 | No 4 | 971-986 | DOI: 10.24425/aee.2023.147421
Keywords adaptive droop control power margin VSG VSC-MTDC
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Abstract

In response to the inability of the flexible DC transmission system connected to the AC grid under conventional control strategies to provide inertia to the system as well as to participate in frequency regulation, a virtual synchronous generator (VSG) control strategy is proposed for a voltage source converter (VSC)-based multi-terminal high-voltage direct current (VSC-MTDC) interconnection system. First, the virtual controller module is designed by coupling AC frequency and active power through virtual inertia control, so that the VSC-MTDC system can provide inertia response for AC grid frequency. Second, by introducing the power margin of the converter station into the droop coefficient, the unbalanced power on the DC side is reasonably allocated to reduce the overshoot of the DC voltage in the regulation process. Finally, the power regulation capability of the normal AC system is used to provide power support to the fault end system, reducing frequency deviations and enabling inter-regional resource complementation. The simulation model of the three-terminal flexible DC grid is built in PSCAD/EMTDC, and the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy is verified by comparing the conventional control strategy and the additional frequency control strategy.
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Authors and Affiliations

Congshan Li
1
ORCID: ORCID
Xiaowei Zhang
1
Ping He
1
ORCID: ORCID
Zikai Zhen
1
ORCID: ORCID
Kefeng Zhao
1
  1. College of Electrical Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, China

Spider monkey optimization (SMO) – lattice Levenberg–Marquardt recursive least squares based grid synchronization control scheme for a three-phase PV system

Dipak Kumar Dash Pradip Kumar Sadhu Bidyadhar Subudhi
Archives of Control Sciences | 2021 | vol. 31 | No 3 | 707-730 | DOI: 10.24425/acs.2021.138698
Keywords solar PV array VSC SMO DC-DC converter lattice Levenberg–Marquardt recursive least squares hysteresis current controller
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Abstract

This paper presents a new grid integration control scheme that employs spider monkey optimization technique for maximum power point tracking and Lattice Levenberg Marquardt Recursive estimation with a hysteresis current controller for controlling voltage source inverter. This control scheme is applied to a PV system integrated to a three phase grid to achieve effective grid synchronization. To verify the efficacy of the proposed control scheme, simulations were performed. From the simulation results it is observed that the proposed controller provides excellent control performance such as reducing THD of the grid current to 1.75%.
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Bibliography

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Authors and Affiliations

Dipak Kumar Dash
1
Pradip Kumar Sadhu
1
Bidyadhar Subudhi
2
  1. Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM), Dhanbad, India
  2. School of Electrical Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Goa, GEC Campus, Farmagudi, Ponda-401403, Goa, India

Distributed collaborative optimization DC voltage control strategy for VSC–MTDC system with renewable energy integration

Jingye Li Haiying Dong
Archives of Electrical Engineering | 2022 | vol. 71 | No 2 | DOI: 10.24425/aee.2022.140714
Keywords DC voltage control distributed model prediction droop control VSC–MTDC PSCAD/EMTDC
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Abstract

Aiming at the problem of DC voltage control deviation and instability caused by a large-scale renewable energy access VSC–MTDC system, this paper combines voltage margin control and droop control. A strategy for controlling collaborative optimization in a sparsely distributed communication network has been proposed. Firstly, the distributed modeling of the system is carried out by combining MAS technology with small signal modeling. Then, a distributed model predictive controller is designed for a single droop control converter station. On this basis, a distributed cooperative optimization control strategy is proposed. According to the DC voltage deviation, the system adopts different control methods to control the receiving converter station. Finally, based on PSCAD/EMTDC and MATLAB co-simulation platforms, a six-terminal flexible HVDC system is built to verify the effectiveness of the control strategy under different conditions such as input power fluctuation, any converter station out of operation and system communication failure.
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Authors and Affiliations

Jingye Li
1
Haiying Dong
2
  1. School of Automation and Electrical Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, China
  2. School of New Energy and Power Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, China

Influence of the converter transformer valve-side bushing fault on commutation reactance protection and improvement scheme

Yanxia Zhang Guanghao Dong Le Wei Jinting Ma Shanshan Du
Archives of Electrical Engineering | 2023 | vol. 72 | No 3 | 715 –735 | DOI: 10.24425/aee.2023.146046
Keywords commutation reactance converter transformer improvement scheme overcurrent protection valve-side bushing fault VSC–HVDC system
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Abstract

Commutation reactance is an important component in the voltage-source converter- based high-voltage direct current (VSC–HVDC) transmission system. Due to its connection to the converter, when there is a fault occurring on the valve-side bushing of a converter transformer, the nonlinearity operation of the converter complicates the characteristics of current flowing through commutation reactance, which may lead to maloperation of its overcurrent protection. It is of great significance to study the performance of commutation reactance overcurrent protection under this fault condition and propose corresponding improvement measures to ensure the safe and stable operation of AC and DC systems. In the VSC–HVDC system with the pseudo-bipolar structure of a three-phase two-level voltage source converter, the valve has six working periods in a power frequency cycle, and each period is divided into five working states. According to the difference between the fault phase and non-fault phase of the conductive bridge arms at the time of fault occurrence, these five working states are merged into two categories. On this basis, various faults of the valve-side bushing of a converter transformer are analyzed, and the conclusion is drawn that the asymmetric fault of valve-side bushing can lead to the maloperation of the commutation reactance overcurrent protection. Based on the characteristics that the current flowing through the commutation reactance after the asymmetric fault of the valve-side bushing contains decaying aperiodic components in addition to the fundamental frequency wave, a scheme to prevent the maloperation of commutation reactance overcurrent protection is proposed, which uses the unequal of two half cycle integral values with different starting points to realize the blocking of commutation reactance overcurrent protection, and it makes up the deficiency of existing protection in this aspect. Finally, this paper builds a VSC–HVDC system simulation model in the PSCAD/EMTDC platform to verify the effectiveness of the scheme.
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Authors and Affiliations

Yanxia Zhang
1
Guanghao Dong
1
ORCID: ORCID
Le Wei
1
Jinting Ma
1
Shanshan Du
1
  1. School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, No. 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, China

Research on regional emergency DC power support strategy of VSC-MTDC transmission system

Congshan Li Tingyu Sheng Yan Fang Yikai Li
Archives of Electrical Engineering | 2021 | vol. 70 | No 1 | 145-160 | DOI: 10.24425/aee.2021.136058
Keywords coordinated control dynamic active power support emergency DC power support VSC-MTDC
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Abstract

In the asynchronous interconnected power grid that is composed of the multiterminal voltage-source converter high voltage direct current (VSC-MTDC) system, the control methods of each converter station and the frequency of the connected AC system are not the same. When a fault occurs in any place of the asynchronous interconnected system, it will cause the system to have power shortage or surplus, affecting the safe and stable operation of the interconnected power grid. In order to solve the problem of insufficient regional active power reserve, based on the VSC-MTDC asynchronous regional interconnection system and the principle of regional sharing, the dynamic power controller under disturbance conditions is established, and the controller parameters are set to achieve the accuracy of unbalanced power in the disturbance area measuring. Then, according to the degree of the disturbance power, considering the factors that affect the support effect of the converter station, an emergency DC power support (EDCPS) scheme under different power disturbances is formulated to achieve power compensation for the disturbance area. Based on PSCAD/EMTDC software, the proposed control strategy is simulated. The result shows that the converter station closer to the disturbance area has a better support effect, and the dynamic active power controller can timely and accurately deliver to the disturbance area when the active power reserve is insufficient.
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Bibliography

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Authors and Affiliations

Congshan Li
1
ORCID: ORCID
Tingyu Sheng
1
ORCID: ORCID
Yan Fang
1
ORCID: ORCID
Yikai Li
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, China

Research on influencing factors of emergency power support for voltage source converter-based multi-terminal high-voltage direct current transmission system

Congshan Li Zikai Zhen Tingyu Sheng Yan Liu Pu Zhong Xiaowei Zhang
Archives of Electrical Engineering | 2022 | vol. 71 | No 4 | 881-894 | DOI: 10.24425/aee.2022.142114
Keywords coordinated control emergency DC power support influencing factor VSC-MTDC transmission
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Abstract

Voltage source converter-based multi-terminal high-voltage direct current (VSCMTDC) transmission system can realize a multi-point power supply, multi-drop power receiving, and mutual coordination between the converter stations to ensure the reliability of the transmission. Based on the PSCAD/EMTDC platform, a five-terminal DC transmission system model is established. According to the fast power regulation capability and overload capacity of theVSC-MTDC power transmission system, an analysis of additional emergency power support for a transmission system under large disturbance conditions was carried out. A new control strategy for emergency power support that introduces its basic principle is proposed in this paper. It uses the short-term overload capability of the DC system. By changing the power reserve of the converter station and the electrical distance between the converter stations, the influence of the power reserve and the electrical distance on the emergency power supply guarantee is analyzed the stability of the system is improved, thereby improving the sudden change of power caused by voltage fluctuations, and the feasibility of the control module is verified by PSCAD simulation. The simulation results show that when the system power supply suddenly changes, the converter stations at a short distance and large power reserve has a better effect on emergency power supply protection. A comparative study of the active power support of a single converter station and multiple converter stations is carried out. The research results show that the use of emergency power support in the DC transmission system has a good effect on maintaining the stability of the inter-connection system and the reliability of the power supply.
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Authors and Affiliations

Congshan Li
1
ORCID: ORCID
Zikai Zhen
1
ORCID: ORCID
Tingyu Sheng
2
ORCID: ORCID
Yan Liu
1
ORCID: ORCID
Pu Zhong
1
Xiaowei Zhang
1
  1. Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, College of Electrical and Information Engineering, China
  2. Maintenance Company of State Grid Henan Electric Power Company, China

VSC-HVDC transmission line fault location based on transient characteristics

Yanxia Zhang Anlu Bi Jian Wang Fuhe Zhang Jingyi Lu
Archives of Electrical Engineering | 2021 | vol. 70 | No 2 | 381-398 | DOI: 10.24425/aee.2021.136991
Keywords characteristic roots fault location identification of fault stages Prony algorithm VSC-HVDC
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Abstract

Accurate and reliable fault location is necessary for ensuring the safe and reliable operation of the VSC-HVDC transmission system. This paper proposed a single-terminal fault location method based on the fault transient characteristics of the two-terminal VSCHVDC transmission system. The pole-to-pole transient fault process was divided into three stages, the time-domain expression of the DC current during the diode freewheel stage was used to locate the fault point, and a criterion for judging whether the fault evolves to the diode freewheel stage was proposed. Taking into account the enhancing effect of the opposite system to the fault current, theDCside pole-to-ground fault networkwas equated to a fourth-order circuit model, the relationship of fault distance with the characteristic roots of fault current differential equationwas derived, and the Prony algorithmwas utilized for datafitting to extract characteristic roots to realize fault location. A two-terminal VSC-HVDC transmission system was modelled in PSCAD/EMTDC. The simulation result verifies that the proposed principle can accurately locate the fault point on the VSC-HVDC transmission lines.
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Bibliography

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Authors and Affiliations

Yanxia Zhang
1
Anlu Bi
1
Jian Wang
1
Fuhe Zhang
1
Jingyi Lu
1
  1. School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, China

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