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Abstract

This paper presents the results of studies of high-alloyed white cast iron modified with lanthanum, titanium, and aluminium-strontium. The

samples were taken from four melts of high-vanadium cast iron with constant carbon and vanadium content and near-eutectic

microstructure into which the tested inoculants were introduced in an amount of 1 wt% respective of the charge weight. The study

included a metallographic examinations, mechanical testing, as well as hardness and impact resistance measurements taken on the obtained

alloys. Studies have shown that different additives affect both the microstructure and mechanical properties of high-vanadium cast iron.

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Authors and Affiliations

M. Kawalec
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Abstract

The resistance of cast iron to abrasive wear depends on the metal abrasive hardness ratio. For example, hardness of the structural

constituents of the cast iron metal matrix is lower than the hardness of ordinary silica sand. Also cementite, the basic component of

unalloyed white cast iron, has hardness lower than the hardness of silica. Some resistance to the abrasive effect of the aforementioned

silica sand can provide the chromium white cast iron containing in its structure a large amount of (Cr, Fe)7C3 carbides characterised by

hardness higher than the hardness of the silica sand in question. In the present study, it has been anticipated that the white cast iron

structure will be changed by changing the type of metal matrix and the type of carbides present in this matrix, which will greatly expand

the application area of castings under the harsh operating conditions of abrasive wear. Moreover, the study compares the results of

abrasive wear resistance tests performed on the examined types of cast iron. Tests of abrasive wear resistance were carried out on a Miller

machine. Samples of standard dimensions were exposed to abrasion in a double to-and-fro movement, sliding against the bottom of

a trough filled with an aqueous abrasive mixture containing SiC + distilled water. The obtained results of changes in the sample weight

were approximated with a power curve and shown further in the study.

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Authors and Affiliations

D. Kopyciński
M. Kawalec
S. Piasny
A. Madizhanova
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Abstract

The paper addresses the microsegregation of Mn, Mo, Cr, W, V, Si, Al, Cu and P in the white cast iron. Eutectic alloy with the content of 4.25% C was studied. The white cast iron was directionally solidified in the vacuum Bridgman-type furnace at a constant pulling rate v = 83 μm/s and v = 167 μm/s and at a constant temperature gradient G = 33.5 K/mm. The microstructural research was conducted using light and scanning electron microscopy. The microsegregation of elements in ledeburite was evaluated by EDS measurements. Content of elements in ledeburitic cementite and ledeburitic pearlite was determined. The tendency of elements to microsegregation was found dependent on the solidification rate. Microsegregation of elements between pearlite and cementite structural constituents has been specified. The effect of solidification rate on the type and intensity of microsegregation in directionally solidified eutectic white cast iron was observed. A different type of microsegregation was observed in the components of ledeburite in cementite and pearlite.
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Bibliography

[1] Podrzucki, Cz. (1991). Cast iron. Structure. Properties. Application T.1 and T.2, First Edition, Publishing house ZG STOP. (in Polish)
[2] Sękowski, K. (1973). Heterogeneity of the chemical composition of the metal matrix of ductile iron. Foundry Review. 8-9, 205-255413. (in Polish)
[3] Pietrowski, S. (1987). The influence of the chemical composition of nodular cast steel and cast iron and casting cooling rate on the austenite transformation to acicular structures. Scientific Books nr 94: Technical University of Łódź. (in Polish)
[4] Pietrowski, S. & Gumienny, G. (2006). Crystallization of nodular cast iron with additions of Mo, Cr, Cu and Ni. Archives of Foundry. 6(22), 406-413. (in Polish)
[5] Pietrowski, S. & Gumienny, G. (2012). Microsegregation in nodular cast iron with carbides. Archives of Foundry Engineering. 12(4), 127-134. DOI: 10.2478/v10266-012-0120-z.
[6] Sandoz, G. (1968). Recent Research in Cast Iron, H. Marchant, ed. New York: Gordon and Breach, 509.
[7] Malinochka, Ya.N., Maslenkov, S.B. & Egorshina, T.V. (1963). Investigation of microsegregation in cast iron using electron microprobe. Liteinoe Proizvodstvo, 1, 22-25. (in Russ.)
[8] Swindelsand, N. & Burke, J. (1971). Silicon microsegregation and first stag graphitization in white cast irons. Metallurgical Transactions. 2, 3257-3263. DOI: 10.1007/BF02811605
[9] Charbonnier, J. & Margerie, J.C. (1967). Nouvelle contribution al’etude generale des mikrosegregation dans les alliages Fe-C du type ”fonte”. Fonderie. 259, 333-344.
[10] Bazhenov, V.E., & Pikunov, M.V. (2018) Microsegregation of silicon in cast iron. Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy. 61(3), 230-236. DOI: 10.17073/0368-0797-2018-3-230-236 (in Russ.)
[11] Park, J.Y. and other (2002). Effect of Mn negative segregation through the thickness direction on graphitization characteristics of strip-cast white cast iron. Scripta Materialia 46(3), 199-203. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-6462(01)01220-9
[12] Dojka, M. & Stawarz, M. (2020). Bifilm defects on Ti-inculated chromium white cast iron. Materials. 13(14), 3124. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13143124
[13] Trepczyńska-Łent, M. (1997). Spheroidizing annealing of whitened ductile iron. 1st National Scientific Conference "Materials Science - Foundry - Quality", 129-137, Krakow. (in Polish)
[14] Trepczyńska-Łent, M. (1998). Microsegregation of silicon and manganese after spheroidizing annealing in cast iron with spherical graphite. Scientific Journals ATR 216, Mechanics. 43, 217-226. Bydgoszcz (in Polish).
[15] Chang, W.S. & Lin, C.M. (2013). Relationship between cooling rate and microsegregation in bottom-chilled directionally solidified ductile irons. Journal of Mining and Metallurgy, Section B: Metallurgy. 49(3)B, 315-322. https://doi.org/10.2298/JMMB120702034C.
[16] Trepczyńska-Łent, M. Boroński D. & Maćkowiak P. (2021). Mechanical properties and microstructure of directionally solidified Fe-4.25%C eutectic alloy. Materials Science and Engineering A, 822(3) 141644. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2021.141644.
[17] Trepczyńska-Łent, M. (2017). Interphase spacing in directional solidification of white carbide eutectic, METAL 2017 - 26th International Conference on Metallurgy and Materials, Conference Paper, Conference Proceedings Volume 2017-January 254-260. ISBN: 978-808729479-6.
[18] Trepczyńska-Łent, M. (2017). Directional solidification of Fe-Fe3C white eutectic alloy. Crystal Research and Technology 52(7) July 2017, 1600359, version of record online: 26 JUN 2017. DOI: 10.1002/crat.201600359.
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Authors and Affiliations

M. Trepczyńska-Łent
1
ORCID: ORCID
J. Seyda
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Poland
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Abstract

Consecutive casting of bimetallic applies consecutive sequences of pouring of two materials into a sand mold. The outer ring is made of NiHard1, whereas the inner ring is made of nodular cast iron. To enable a consecutive sequence of pouring, an interface plate made of low carbon steel was inserted into the mold and separated the two cavities. After pouring the inner material at the predetermined temperature and the interface had reached the desired temperature, the NiHard1 liquid was then poured immediately into the mold. This study determines the pouring temperature of nodular cast iron and the temperature of the interface plate at which the pouring of white cast iron into the mold should be done. Flushing the interface plate for 2 seconds by flowing nodular cast iron liquid as inner material generated a diffusion bonding between the inner ring and interface plate at pouring temperatures of 1350 °C, 1380 °C, and 1410 °C. The interface was heated up to a maximum temperature of 1242 °C, 1260 °C, and 1280 °C respectively. The subsequent pouring of white cast iron into the mold to form the outer ring at the interface temperature of 1000 °C did not produce a sufficient diffusion bonding. Pouring the outer ring at the temperature of 1430°C and at the interface plate temperature of 1125 °C produced a sufficient diffusion bonding. The presence of Fe3O2 oxide on the outer surface of the interface material immediately after the interface was heated above 900 ⁰C has been identified. Good metallurgical bonding was achieved by pouring the inner ring at the temperature of 1380°C, interface temperature of 1125 °C and then followed by pouring of the outer ring at 1430⁰C and flushing time of 7 seconds.

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Authors and Affiliations

W. Purwadi
B. Bandanadjaja
D. Idamayanti
N. Lilansa

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