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Number of results: 11
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Abstract

The paper describes a prototype operator panel, which was designed to operate with the S7-200 family of Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC-s) from Siemens. Most of the functionality of the operator panel was implemented in a computer program, which runs on a PC-class computer. The program communicates with a PLC through its communication port configured in the Freeport mode. Two kinds of interface between the PC, and the PLC are supported: wired, and wireless. For wired connection a standard PC/PPI cable supplied by Siemens is used. For wireless connection two communication modules were designed, which operate in the free 433 MHz band. The operator panel program is intuitive, and easy to use. States of PLC inputs and outputs are presented using graphical objects. It is possible to modify states of the outputs, and monitor and edit any variable in the M and V memory in the PLC. The application supports also alarming. The program can be run on any computer with the MS Windows operating system installed. This makes the solution very cost-effective. Providing both wired and wireless communication radically increases flexibility of the proposed solution. The panel can be quickly mounted in areas, where pulling new cables is inconvenient, difficult or expensive.

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Authors and Affiliations

Kacper Mazek
Mirosław Chmiel
Józef Kulisz
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Abstract

The study presents the analysis of the effects occurring at the propagation of electromagnetic waves within an area containing non-ideal, non-homogenous and absorbing dielectric. The analysed models are connected with housing constructions and include single and double-layered walls made of clay hollow bricks. The influence of the size of holes, the contained clay mass percentage and conductivity of brick on the distribution of electric field is presented. Double-layered wall causes more heterogeneity in distribution of electric field and numerous maxima and minima to compare with singlelayered construction. The presented results refer to the electromagnetic field generated by a wireless communication system (Wi-Fi), operating within the standard frequencies (2.4 GHz and 5 GHz). A FDTD method was used to the analysis of electric field distribution. Also in this paper all formulations of difference method (FDTD) is presented. The possibilities of modifying the described method are indicated too. The obtained values of electric field intensity allow to determining the attenuation coefficient for different variants of the walls. Detailed analysis of influence of different types of building construction will make it possible to better understand the wave phenomena and counteract local fading at planning of wireless networks systems.

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Authors and Affiliations

Agnieszka Choroszucho
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Abstract

Wireless endoscopic capsules can transmit the picture of the inside of the digestive tract to the external receiver for the purpose of gastrointestinal diseases diagnose. The localization of the capsule is needed to correlate the picture of detected anomalies with the particular fragment of intestine. For this purpose, the analysis of wireless transmission parameters can be applied. Such methods are affected by the impact of the human body on the electromagnetic wave propagation that is specific to the anatomy of individual person. The article presents the algorithm of localization of endoscopic capsules with wireless transmitter based on the detection of phase difference of received signals. The proposed algorithm uses simplified human body models that can change their dielectric properties in each iteration to improve the location of the capsule endoscope. Such approach allows to reduce localization error by around 12 mm (15%) and can by used for patients of different physique without the need of the numerical models of individual body.

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Authors and Affiliations

Paweł Oleksy
Łukasz Januszkiewicz
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Abstract

In paper we present a case study of the radio dispatching communications for providing the voice service during mass events of the “Lednica 2000” Youth Meetings. The presentation is supported by over 20-year experience in organization of this event every year. We also describe a FM radio system deployed during this meeting for broadcasting the English translation.

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Authors and Affiliations

Henryk Gierszal
Jacek Jarzina
Sławomir Fryska
Sylwia Fryska
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Abstract

We designed, fabricated, and evaluated a monopole water antenna (WA) filled with pure water. A 2.4 GHz patch antenna (PA) was used for measurement comparison, and the current density distribution and 3D field strength radiation distribution and reflection coefficient of the PA had a fundamental mode and a higher-order mode at 3.5 GHz, whose polarization was 90 degrees different. The 2.4 GHz monopole WA could receive only the fundamental mode of the PA. The 3.5 GHz WA could receive the higher-order mode of the PA by rotating the WA by 90 degrees. The transmission coefficient of the 2.4 GHz WA decreased with the square of the spacing, similar to the spatial propagation characteristics of electromagnetic waves. Almost the same results could be expected if planar or three-dimensional antennas were used instead of monopole electrodes.
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Authors and Affiliations

Koyu Chinen
1
Ichiko Kinjo
2

  1. GLEX, Yokohama, Japan
  2. Information and Communication System Engineering, Dept., National Institute of Technology, Okinawa College, Nago, Japan
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Abstract

The article is devoted to the development of a method for increasing the efficiency of communication channels of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in the conditions of electronic warfare (EW). The author analyses the threats that may be caused by the use of electronic warfare against autonomous UAVs. A review of some technologies that can be used to create original algorithms for countering electronic warfare and increasing the autonomy of UAVs on the battlefield is carried out. The structure of modern digital communication systems is considered. The requirements of unmanned aerial vehicle manufacturers for onboard electronic equipment are analyzed, and the choice of the hardware platform of the target radio system is justified. The main idea and novelty of the proposed method are highlighted. The creation of a model of a cognitive radio channel for UAVs is considered step by step. The main steps of modelling the spectral activity of electronic warfare equipment are proposed. The main criteria for choosing a free spectral range are determined. The type of neural network for use in the target cognitive radio system is substantiated. The idea of applying adaptive coding in UAV communication channels using multicomponent turbo codes in combination with neural networks, which are simultaneously used for cognitive radio, has been further developed.
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Authors and Affiliations

Serhii Semendiai
1
Yuliіa Tkach
1
Mykhailo Shelest
1
Oleksandr Korchenko
2
Ruslana Ziubina
3
Olga Veselska
3

  1. Chernihiv Polytechnic NationalUniversity, Chernihiv, Ukraine
  2. Department of Information Technology Security of National Aviation University, Kyiv, Ukraine
  3. Department of Computer Science andAutomatics of the University of Bielsko-Biala, Bielsko-Biala, Poland
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Abstract

The ergodic channel capacity of wireless optical multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system with pulse position modulation (PPM) is investigated. The combined effects of atmospheric turbulence, atmospheric attenuation, pointing error and channel spatial correlation are taken into consideration. The expression of ergodic channel capacity is derived, and is further performed by Wilkinson approximation method for simplicity. The simulation results indicated that the strong spatial correlation has the greatest influence on the ergodic channel capacity, followed by pointing errors and atmospheric turbulence. Moreover, the ergodic channel capacity growth brought by space diversity only performs well under independent and weakly correlated channels. Properly increasing the size and spacing of the receiving apertures is an effective means of effectively increasing the ergodic channel capacity.
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Bibliography

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[2] J. Anshul, and M. R. Bhatnagar, “Free-space optical communication: a diversity-multiplexing trade-off perspective,” IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, vol. 65, no. 2, pp. 1113-1125, 2019. DOI: 10.1109/TIT.2018.2856116.
[3] P. Kaur, V. K. Jain, and S. Kar, “Performance analysis of free space optical links using multi-input multi-output and aperture averaging in presence of turbulence and various weather conditions,” Communications Iet, vol. 9, no. 8, pp. 1104-1109, May. 2015. DOI: 10.1049/iet-com.2014.0926
[4] Y. Zhang, H. Yu, J. Zhang, and Y. Zhu, “Space codes for MIMO optical wireless communications: Error performance criterion and code construction,” IEEE Transcation on Wireless Communication, vol. 16, no. 5, pp. 3072-3085, 2017. DOI: 10.1109/TWC.2017.2675398
[5] D. A. Luong, T. C. Thang, and A. T. Pham, “Average capacity of MIMO/FSO systems with equal gain combining over log-normal channels,” International Conference on Ubiquitous & Future Networks. IEEE, pp. 306-309, Jul. 2013. DOI: 10.1109/ICUFN.2013.6614831
[6] H. S. Khallaf, and H. M. H. Shalaby, “Closed form expressions for SER and capacity of shot noise limited MIMO-FSO system adopting MPPM over gamma-gamma atmospheric turbulence channels,” IEEE Photonics Conference, CA, USA, Oct. 2014, pp. 619-620. DOI: 10.1109/IPCon.2014.6995292
[7] L. Han and Y. You, “Performance of multiple input multiple output free space optical communication under atmospheric turbulence and atmospheric attenuation,” Chinese Journal of Lasers, vol. 43, no. 7, pp. 0706004, July 2016. DOI: 10.3788/CJL201643.0706004
[8] I. A. Alimi, A. M. Abdalla, J. Rodriguez, P. P. Monteiro, and A. L. Teixeira, “Spatial interpolated lookup tables (LUTs) models for ergodic capacity of MIMO FSO systems,” IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, vol. 29, no. 7, pp. 583-586, Apr. 2017. DOI: 10.1109/LPT.2017.2669337
[9] G. Yang, M. A. Khalighi, Z. Gassemlooy, and S. Bourennane, “Performance analysis of space-diversity free-space optical systems over the correlated Gamma-Gamma fading channel using Padé approximation method,” IET Communications, vol. 8, no. 13, pp. 2246- 2255, Sept. 2014. DOI: 10.1049/iet-com.2013.0962
[10] H. S. Khallaf, J. M. Garrido-Balsells, H. M. H. Shalaby, and Seiichi Sampei, “SER analysis of MPPM-Coded MIMO-FSO system over uncorrelated and correlated Gamma-Gamma atmospheric turbulence channels,” Optics Communications, vol. 356, pp. 530-535, Aug. 2015. DOI: 10.1016/j.optcom.2015.08.060 [11] M. Petkovic, J. Anastasov, G.T. Djordjevic, and P. Ivanis, “Impact of correlation on outage performance of FSO system with switch-and-stay diversity receiver,” 2015 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), London, 2015, pp. 2756–2761, DOI: 10.1109/ICC.2015.7248743. [12] T. Ozbilgin, and M. Koca, “Inter-aperture correlation in MIMO free space optical systems,” Optics Communications, vol. 353, pp. 139–146, May. 2015. DOI: 10.1016/j.optcom.2015.05.025. [13] A. Garacia-Zambrana, B. Castillo-Vazquez, and C. Castillo-Vazquez, “Asymptotic error-rate analysis of FSO links using transmit laser selection over gamma-gamma atmospheric turbulence channels with pointing errors,” Optics Express, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 2096-2109, Jan. 2012. DOI: 10.1364/OE.20.002096 [14] M. R. Bhatnagar, and Z. Ghssemlooy, “Performance analysis of Gamma–Gamma fading FSO MIMO links with pointing errors,” Journal of Lightwave Technology, vol. 34, no. 9, pp. 2158-2169, May 2016. DOI: 10.1109/JLT.2016.2526053 [15] I. E. Lee, Z. Ghassemlooy, W. P. Ng, M. A. Khalighi, and S. K. Liaw, “Effects of aperture averaging and beam width on a partially coherent Gaussian beam over free-space optical links with turbulence and pointing errors,” Applied Optics, vol. 55, no. 1, pp. 1-9, Feb. 2016. DOI: 10.1364/AO.55.000001 [16] H. Zhang, H. Li, D. Xiao, and S. Ning, “Performance analysis of spatial-diversity reception over combined effects of atmospheric turbulence,” Chinese Journal of Lasers, vol. 43, no. 4, pp. 0405002, Apr. 2016. DOI: 10.3788/CJL201643.0405002 [17] C. Martin and B. Ottersten, “Asymptotic eigenvalue distributions and capacity for MIMO channels under correlated fading,” IEEE Transcations on Wireless Communications, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 1350-1359, Aug. 2004. DOI: 10.1109/TWC.2004.830856 [18] H. Moradi, M. Falahpour, H.Refai, and P. Lopresti, “BER analysis of optical wireless signals through lognormal fading channels with perfect CSI,” IEEE 17th International Conference on Telecommunications (ICT ‘10), Doha, pp. 493-497, 2010. DOI: 10.1109/ICTEL.2010.5478870 [19] S. L. Loyka, “Channel capacity of MIMO architecture using the exponential correlation matrix,” IEEE Communications Letters, vol. 5, no. 9, pp. 369-371, Oct. 2001. DOI: 10.1109/4234.951380
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Authors and Affiliations

Minghua Cao
1
Yue Zhang
1
Zhongjiang Kang
1
Huiqin Wang
1

  1. School of Computer and Communication, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, China
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Abstract

This paper presents some construction analysis and test results of a Free Space Optics system operating at the wavelength of 9.35 μm. In the system, a quantum cascade laser and a photoreceiver with mercury cadmium telluride photodetectors were used. The main parameters of these elements were discussed taking into account a data link operation. It also provides to determine a data range for various weather conditions related to scattering and scintillation. The results of numerical analyses defined the properties of currently available FSO technologies working in the near infrared or in the short infrared range of spectrum versus the performances of the developed system. The operation of this system was verified in three different test environments. The obtained results may also contain important issues related to the practical application of any FSO system.

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Authors and Affiliations

Janusz Mikolajczyk
Dariusz Szabra
Artur Prokopiuk
Krzysztof Achtenberg
ORCID: ORCID
Jacek Wojtas
ORCID: ORCID
Zbigniew Bielecki
ORCID: ORCID
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Abstract

A triple-band microstrip patch antenna is presented in this article with detail investigation of its working mechanism and performance characteristics. The antenna consists of a rectangular slot on the patch to achieve multiband operation. Three distinct frequencies of 2.4 GHz, 5.5 GHz and 7.5 GHz are achieved with return losses of 27 dB, 29 dB and 29 dB respectively. The Impedance Bandwidths are 70 MHz (2.52 GHz-2.44 GHz) at 2.4 GHz, 220 MHz (5.65 GHz-5.43 GHz) at 5.5 GHz and 250 MHz (7.57 GHz-7.32 GHz) at 7.5 GHz, which satisfy the requirements of Wi-Fi, Wi-MAX and satellite communications bands. The fabricated prototype of the antenna has total dimension of 53×53×1.6 mm3 over FR4 substrate. The antenna is simple and has sensible radiation characteristics with considerable gain. This work also focuses on developing a Link Budget model for its application in satellite communication. Most notably, it examines overall system efficiency and optimum path loss, distance analysis, system noise temperature, signal to noise power ratio, the size of antenna and the overall customer satisfactions. The highest gain of the antenna is achieved as 3.5 dB in the band (5.65 GHz-5.43 GHz), while the highest directivity and bandwidth are found as 8.7 dBi and 250 MHz respectively in the higher operating band. The affordable agreement between the simulated and measuring outcomes justifies that the antenna is often applicable for Wi-Fi (2.4 GHz), Wi-MAX (5.25 – 5.85 GHz) and satellite (7.24 – 7.57 GHz) communications.
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Authors and Affiliations

Md. Biplob Hossain
1
Md. Faruque Hossain
1

  1. Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology, Khulna-9203, Bangladesh
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Abstract

In this paper, the designing and simulation of 400 Gbps polarisation division multiplexing-quadrature amplitude modulation-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (PDM-4QAM-OFDM)-based inter-satellite optical wireless communication (IsOWC)/mechatronic telecommunication system for improving the link information carrying capacity was carried out. With quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) encoding, the performance of the executed system has been addressed using metrics such as signal to noise ratio (SNR) and total received power (RP). The performance with suggested system has been examined in relation to the effects of various factors such as operating wavelength, transmission power, and receiving pointing error angle. Moreover, a better identification method for improving connection reach between mechatronic devices/satellites has been revealed in this study. A performance comparison of the proposed system with other implemented approaches has been made in the final step
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Authors and Affiliations

Shivmanmeet Singh
1 2
Narwant Singh Grewal
2
Baljeet Kaur
2

  1. I. K. Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar – Kapurthala Highway, Kapurthala, 144603, Punjab, India
  2. Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Guru Nanak Dev Engineering College, Ludhiana, 141006, Punjab, India

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