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Abstract

The presence of 31 species of birds was observed at sea sout of 50°S, out of this number 26 species were present also south of 60°S. The most numerous aggregations of birds were recorded in the regions of: Elephant Island, the South Orkneys and NE part of Bransfield Strait. The average number of birds during 10-minute observation was 74.5. In the areas under observations Daption capense predominated quantitatively. The following species were subdominant: Pygoscelidae, Oceanites oceanicus, Diomedea melanophris, Fulmarus glacialoides and Macronectes giganieus. In the total number of the birds observed krill-eaters contributed in 80.1% plankton-eaters — 7.8%, squid-eaters — 6.2% omnivores — 5.9% and fish-eaters — 0.1%. In comparison with the autumnal observations more than twice as many birds at sea were observed in the same area.

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Authors and Affiliations

Wojciech Starck
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Abstract

In November 1994 a first inventory of Tanaidacea from the Beagle Channel and at some stations of the Atlantic continental shelfwas obtained using epibenthic sledge samples. In total, 2175 specimens from 27 species of eight families of Tanaidomorpha and two families of Apseudomorpha were collected. Two species, Allotanais hirstutus (Beddard, 1886) and Apseudes heroae Sieg, 1986, strongly dominated this area. Generally low diversity and abundances were recorded for the western area of the Beagle Channel, while substantially higher values were reported at the eastern entrance on the Atlantic side of the Beagle Channel. Abundances slightly varied with depths, but not significantly.

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Authors and Affiliations

Anja Schmidt
Angelika Brandt
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Abstract

During a midwinter cruise north of 80oN to Rijpfjorden, Svalbard, the composition and vertical distribution of the zooplankton community were studied using two different samplers 1) a vertically hauled multiple plankton sampler (MPS; mouth area 0.25 m2, mesh size 200 μm) and 2) a horizontally towed Methot Isaacs Kidd trawl (MIK; mouth area 3.14 m2, mesh size 1500 μm). Our results revealed substantially higher species diversity (49 taxa) than if a single sampler (MPS: 38 taxa, MIK: 28) had been used. The youngest stage present (CIII) of Calanus spp. (including C. finmarchicus and C. glacialis) was sampled exclusively by the MPS, and the frequency of CIV copepodites in MPS was double that than in MIK samples. In contrast, catches of the CV-CVI copepodites of Calanus spp. were substantially higher in the MIK samples (3-fold and 5-fold higher for adult males and females, respectively). The MIK sampling clearly showed that the highest abundances of all three Thysanoessa spp. were in the upper layers, although there was a tendency for the larger-sized euphausiids to occur deeper. Consistent patterns for the vertical distributions of the large zooplankters (e.g. ctenophores, euphausiids) collected by the MPS and MIK samplers provided more complete data on their abundances and sizes than obtained by the single net. Possible mechanisms contributing to the observed patterns of distribution, e.g. high abundances of both Calanus spp. and their predators (ctenophores and chaetognaths) in the upper water layers during midwinter are discussed.
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Authors and Affiliations

Katarzyna Błachowiak-Samołyk
Adrian Zwolicki
Clare N. Webster
Rafał Boehnke
Marcin Wichorowski
Anette Wold
Luiza Bielecka
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Abstract

Domestic wastewater in Gampong Garot, Aceh Besar Regency, Aceh Province, Indonesia is directly discharged to the Daroy River without any treatment process. Domestic wastewater from Gampong Garot has been one of the contributors to microplastics contamination in the Daroy River. The microplastics (MPs) contained in domestic wastewater might come from used soaps and detergent products, as well as the scouring of clothes during washing. Thus, this study aims to investigate the abundance of MPs in domestic wastewater in Gampong Garot. The sampling points were determined based on purposive sampling, with samples taken at the end of the main pipe that directly leads to the Daroy River. Organics in domestic wastewater were removed using 30% H 2O 2 liquid through a digestion process at a temperature of 75°C. MPs characteristics such as size, shape, and colour were visually analysed using a light binocular microscope at 100× magnification, while the polymer type was analysed using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis. The concentration of MPs in domestic wastewater in Gampong Garot was 30.238 ±1.228 particles∙(100 cm) –3 sample. The most common sizes of MPs were found to be in the range of 1,001–5,000 μm, while the dominant colour and shape were transparent and fibre-like. Polyester (PES) was the most detected type of MPs. These findings highlight the need for wastewater treatment before discharge into aquatic bodies.
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Authors and Affiliations

Mhd Fauzi
1
ORCID: ORCID
Prayatni Soewondo
2
Yeggi Darnas
3
Marisa Handajani
2
Teddy Tedjakusuma
2
Muhammad Nizar
4
Cut R. Muna
3
Ansiha Nur
5

  1. Institut Teknologi Bandung, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Doctoral Student of Environmental Engineering, 10 Ganesa St, 40132, Bandung, Indonesia
  2. Institut Teknologi Bandung, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, Water and Wastewater Engineering Research Group, Bandung, Indonesia
  3. Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry Banda Aceh, Faculty of Science and Technology, Environmental Engineering Study Program, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
  4. Universitas Serambi Mekkah, Faculty of Engineering, Environmental Engineering Study Program, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
  5. Universitas Andalas, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, Padang, Indonesia
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Abstract

Zooplankton community composition, abundance and biomass from two polar localities – Kongsfjorden (Arctic) and Admiralty Bay (Antarctic) is compared. The community composition of zooplankton in both polar regions included similar taxonomic groups and the diversity at the species level was similar. Even though the overall species composition was different, some species were common for both ecosystems, for example Oithona similis, Microcalanus pygmaeus or Eukrohnia hamata. The abundance and biomass of the main zooplankton components (Copepoda) differed greatly between the two ecosystems, both being of an order of magnitude higher in Kongsfjorden than in Admiralty Bay. Kongsfjorden is situated at the border of two regions what induces high productivity with copepods playing an important role, and there is also a strong advection into the fjord. Admiralty Bay is adjacent to the homogenous Antarctic oceanic ecosystem; some advection into the bay occurs as an effect of tide and wind driven processes. Antarctic krill, which was not included in the present study, occupies most of the primary consumers niche and replaces copepods at the second trophic level.

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Authors and Affiliations

Wojciech Walkusz
Sławomir Kwaśniewski
Katarzyna Dmoch
Haakon Hop
Maria Iwona Żmijewska
Luiza Bielecka
Stig Falk-Petersen
Jacek Siciński
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Abstract

Herve Cove, a small, shallow and partly isolated basin, is strongly influenced by glacial freshwater inlfow, bringing significant amount of mineral suspension. Its mean annual content amounted up to 46 mg dm-3. Sea anemone (Edwardsia sp.), bivalves (Yoldia eightsi, Laternula elliptica and Mysella sp.), amphipods (mostly Cheirimedon femoratus) a well as some species of polychaetes constituted almost 95% of zoobenthos biomass and 90% of abundance. Four different assemblages of benthic invertebrates, with total biomass ranging from 0.002 kg m-2 up to 1.7 kg m-2, were distinguished in this relatively small (about 12 ha) area. It seems that the freshwater impact influences the composition of an assemblage occurring close to the edge of a glacier. Relatively rich crustacean fauna was encountered in the shallow part of the cove near its entrance. Almost complete lack of echinoderms in Herve Cove, that are common in the shallow Antarctic sublittoral, should also be noted. Macrozooplankton of Herve Cove was dominated by Copepoda. The most frequent and abundant species were: Oithona similis, Ctenocalanus citer and Metridia gerlachei. Far less numerous Chaetognatha represented by three species, Ostracoda, Polychaeta, Pteropoda and Siphonophora constituted only 2.5% of all planktonie animals collected.

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Authors and Affiliations

Jacek Siciński
Olgierd Różycki
Wojciech Kittel
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Abstract

The main source of information on the abundance of polymetallic nodules (APN) is the results of direct seafloor sampling, mainly using box corers. Due to the vast spread of nodule occurrence in the Pacific, the distances between successive sampling sites are significant. This makes it difficult to reliably estimate the nodule resources, especially in parts of the deposit with small areas corresponding to the areas scheduled for extraction in the short term (e.g. within one year). It seems justified to try to increase the accuracy of nodule resource estimates through the use of information provided by numerous photos of the ocean floor taken between sampling stations. In particular, the percentage of nodule coverage of the ocean floor (NC), the data on fraction distribution of nodules (FD) and the coverage of nodules with sediments (SC) are important here. In the presented study, three regression models were used to predict the nodule abundance from images: simple linear regression (SLR), multiple regression (MR), and general linear model (GLM). The GLM provides the most accurate prediction of nodule abundance (APN) due to the ability of this model to simultaneously take into account both quantitative variable (NC) and qualitative variables (FD, SC). The mean absolute errors of APN prediction are in the range of 1.0–1.7 kg/m2, which is 7–13% of the average nodule abundance determined for training or testing data sets. This result can be considered satisfactory for predicting the abundance in ocean floor areas covered only by photographic survey.
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Authors and Affiliations

Monika Wasilewska-Błaszczyk
1
ORCID: ORCID
Jacek Mucha
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. AGH University of Science and Techology, Kraków, Poland
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Abstract

Improvements in water quality requires the removal of nitrogen compounds from wastewater. The most promising and cost-effective methods for this purpose are biological ones based on activated sludge microorganisms such as nitrifiers, denitrifiers, and anammox bacteria. Due to the most of the nitrogen removal bacteria are uncultivable in a laboratory, the application of the molecular tools is required to investigate microorganisms involved in the nitrogen removal. In case of this study for the analysis of relative genes abundance of nitrogen removal bacteria, quantitative PCR (qPCR) based on bacterial DNA and qPCR preceded by reverse transcription (RT-qPCR) based on bacterial mRNA as a template, were used with specific bacterial functional genes ( amoA, nrxA, nirS, nirK, hzo). Samples from four anammox sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) were analyzed, while the nitrogen removal process and bacteria growth were supported by biomass immobilization and nanoparticles addition. There were statistically significant differences between results obtained in the case of mRNA and DNA (p<0.05). Statistically significant positive correlations were found between results obtained with those two approaches. In case of mRNA analysis, positive results were obtained only for hzo, amoA and partly for nirS genes, despite additional purification and removal of inhibitors from samples prior to reaction.
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Authors and Affiliations

Anna Banach-Wiśniewska
1
Filip Gamoń
1
Aleksandra Ziembińska-Buczyńska
1

  1. Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Power and Environmental Engineering, Environmental Biotechnology Department, Gliwice, Poland
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Abstract

The Water Framework Directive (Directive 2000/60/EC) emphasises the need for simple tools and studies to characterise aquatic ecosystems. A wide range of methods has been developed, including different groups of biota and different taxonomic resolutions. Among these, the abundance biomass comparison (ABC) method is an important methodology widely used in marine benthic systems and well-founded from the ecological point of view. This method – with a slight modification using genera and families instead of species – was applied in a Mediterranean river (Eliche-Frío, northeast of Andalusia, Spain) using the macroinvertebrate community, together with the Margalef richness index and the Iberian BioMonitoring Working Party ( IBMWP) to determine the quality of the water. The obtained results show the suitability of the ABC curves method to analyse the macroinvertebrate community and estimate the ecological status of river ecosystems. Although both, the genus and family aggregations, showed a similar trend, the values obtained with the family level indicate a worse state of contamination than those shown with the genus level. The comparison between genus and family levels with other biological indices shows that the evaluation obtained with family aggregation is more similar to those obtained with the Margalef and IBMWP indices than the evaluation based on genera; therefore, we could conclude that this level of taxonomic resolution is adequate for the use of the ABC method in assessing the ecological status of Mediterranean rivers.
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Authors and Affiliations

Francisco Guerrero
1
ORCID: ORCID
Francisca Madrid-Vinuesa
2
Juan Diego Gilbert
1
ORCID: ORCID
Raquel Jiménez-Melero
1
ORCID: ORCID
Ana del Arco
3
ORCID: ORCID
Gema Parra
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Universidad de Jaén, Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Ciencias de la Tierra, Energía y Medio Ambiente, Campus de Las Lagunillas, s/n, 23071, Jaén, Spain
  2. Universidad de Jaén, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Departamento de Biología Animal, Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Jaén, Spain
  3. University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany

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