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Abstract

The paper presents a design and performance analysis of a photosensor device enabling the measurement of the visible light illuminance. The sensor is designed for use in the light metering matrix of a mobile measurement platform allowing the correct operation of in-pavement airport lamps. This kind of control can be required by regulations and must meet the standards defined by the European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA). An important assumption of the solution was to obtain the highest possible speed of a measurement acquisition so that the control process would take place in a relatively short time. The proposed module concept is dedicated to the task of testing the quality of airport lamps, due to the characteristics of the photosensitive elements matching the light beams emitted by luminaries. The device is based on a VTP1220FBH photodiode and an ATmega328P microcontroller, which, in addition to the analogue-to-digital conversion and correction, sends the results back to the master unit via the I 2C bus.
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Bibliography

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  2. Suder, J., Maciejewski, P., Podbucki, K., Marciniak, T. & Dąbrowski, A. Platforma pomiarowa do badania jakości działania lamp lotniskowych (Measuring platform fo quality testing of airport lamps). Pomiary Automatyka Robotyka PAR 23, 5–13 (2019). https://doi.org/10.14313/PAR_232/5 (in Polish)
  3. Podbucki, K., Suder, J., Marciniak, T. & Dąbrowski, A. Elektro-niczna matryca pomiarowa do badania lamp lotniskowych (Electronic measuring matrix for testing airport lamps). Przegląd Elektrotechniczny 97, 47–51 (2021). https://doi.org/10.15199/48.2021.02.12 (in Polish)
  4. Suder, J., Podbucki, K., Marciniak, T. & Dąbrowski, A. Spectrum sensors for detecting type of airport lamps in a light photometry system. Opto-Electron. Rev. 29, 133–140 (2021). https://doi.org/10.24425/opelre.2021.139383
  5. Suder, J., Podbucki, K., Marciniak, T. & Dąbrowski, A. Low complexity lane detection methods for light photometry system. Electronics 10, 1665 (2021). https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics10141665
  6. BH1750 Digital 16bit Serial Output Type Ambient Light Sensor IC Technical Note. https://www.mouser.com/datasheet/2/348/bh1750fvi-e-186247.pdf (2011).
  7. Krac, E. & Górecki, K. Wpływ kąta padania światła na wartości natężenia oświetlenia zmierzone za pomocą czujników fotometry-cznych (Influence of the angle of incidence of light on the values of illuminance measureg with photodetectors). Przegląd Elektro-techniczny 97, 214–217 (2021). https://doi.org/10.15199/48.2021.12.44 (in Polish)
  8. Sitompul, D. D., Surya, F. E., Suhandi, F. P. & Zakaria, H. Runway Edge Light Photometry System by Using Drone-Mounted Instrument. in International Symposium on Electronics and Smart Devices (ISESD) 1–5 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1109/ISESD.2019.8909498
  9. Sitompul, D. S. D., Surya, F. E., Suhandi, F. P. & Zakaria H. Horizontal Scanning Method by Drone Mounted Photodiode Array for Runway Edge Light Photometry. in International Seminar on Intelligent Technology and Its Applications (ISITIA) 41–45 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1109/ISITIA.2019.8937211
  10. Gao, J., Luo, J., Xu, A. & Yu, J. Light Intensity Intelligent Control System Research snd Design Based on Automobile Sun Visor of BH1750. in 29th Chinese Control And Decision Conference (CCDC) 3957–3960 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1109/CCDC.2017.7979192
  11. Grove – Light Sensor v1.2. Seeed Development Limited https://seeeddoc.github.io/Grove-Light_Sensor_v1.2/ (2016).
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  13. Ptak, P., Górecki, K. & Gensikowski, M. Porównanie właściwości dynamicznych wybranych czujników fotometrycznych (Compa-rison of dynamic properties of the selected photometric sensors). Przegląd Elektrotechniczny 96, 112–116 (2020). https://doi.org/10.15199/48.2020.12.21 (in Polish)
  14. Ambient Light Sensors VTP1220FBH Product Description. Exelitas https://www.tme.eu/Document/99fa8b97bc9fac9fd65b9c88e771e8d1/2.pdf (2022).
  15. Raes, W., Bastiaens, S., Plets, D. & Stevens, N. Assessment of the Influence of Photodiode Size on RSS-Based Visible Light Positioning Precision. IEEE SENSORS 1–3 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1109/SENSORS43011.2019.8956543
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  17. Mańczak, W. Development of a microprocessor matrix to measure the lightning intensity of airport lamps. (Poznan University of Technology, 2022).
  18. Alferink, F. Fast Lux-meter: Electronic Measurements. Meettech-niek.info. https://meettechniek.info/diy-instruments/lux-meter.html (2013).
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Authors and Affiliations

Kacper Podbucki
1
ORCID: ORCID
Jakub Suder
1
ORCID: ORCID
Tomasz Marciniak
1
ORCID: ORCID
Wojciech Mańczak
2
ORCID: ORCID
Adam Dąbrowski
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Division of Signal Processing and Electronic Systems, Institute of Automatic Control and Robotics, Poznan University of Technology, 5 M. Skłodowska-Curie Sq., 60-965 Poznań, Poland
  2. Faculty of Computing and Telecommunications, Poznan University of Technology, 5 M. Skłodowska-Curie Sq., 60-965 Poznań, Poland
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Abstract

The paper analyses the operation of different types of electronic colour sensors based on the light spectrum analysis. The application goal was to detect the type of the airport lamp based on differences in colour components of the light emitted by luminaires with specific spectral characteristics. Recognition of airport lamps is based on the analysis of the light spectrum. Proposed solution allows for an automatic software selection of appropriate conversion factors and comparison with specific standards necessary for this type of measurements. Various types of sensors were discussed and the AS7262 sensor was examined in detail. The colour sensor and the light intensity sensor were used in the mobile control device for examining elevated airport lamps and in the measurement platform for quality testing of embedded airport lamps. Two additional aspects were investigated: 1) influence of an additional acrylic glass cover; 2) distance between airport lamps and the spectrum sensor.
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Bibliography

  1. European Aviation Safety Agency. Certification Specifications (CS) and Guideline Material (GM) for Aerodrome Design. Edition 3, Annex to Decision No. 2016/027/R of the EASA Executive Director. (2016).
  2. Szpakowski, P. Lotnicza choinka czyli o świetlnych pomocach nawigacyjnych i ich kontroli. Safe Sky, Biuletyn Bezpieczeństwa Polskiej Agencji Żeglugi Powietrznej 4, 4–13 (2020) [in Polish].
  3. Novak, T., Dudek, J., Kolar, V., Sokansky, K. & Baleja, R. Solution of problems with short lifetime of airfield halogen lamps. in 18th International Scientific Conference on Electric Power Engineering (EPE) 1–5 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1109/EPE.2017.7967298
  4. Suder, J. Podbucki, K., Marciniak, T. & Dąbrowski, A. Low complex¬ity lane detection methods for light photometry system. Electronics 10, 1665 (2021). https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics10141665
  5. Podbucki, K., Suder, J., Marciniak, T. & Dąbrowski, A. Elektroniczna matryca pomiarowa do badania lamp lotniskowych. Prz. Elektrotechniczny 2, 47–51 (2021). https://doi.org/10.15199/48.2021.02.12 [in Polish]
  6. Żagan, W. Podstawy Techniki Świetlnej. (Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Warszawskiej, Warszawa 2005). [in Polish]
  7. Suder, J., Maciejewski, P., Podbucki, K., Marciniak, T. & Dąbrowski, A. Platforma pomiarowa do badania jakości działania lamp lotniskowych. Pomiary, Automatyka, Robotyka 23, 5–13 (2019). https://doi.org/10.14313/PAR_232/5 [in Polish]
  8. Gigahertz-Optik GmbH, X4 Light Analyzer Datasheet (2007). http://www.industrycortex.com/datasheets/profile/506792174
  9. Texas Advanced Optoelectronic Solutions Inc., TCS3472 Colour light-to-digital converter with IR filter, TAOS135 (August 2012). http://www.datenblatt-pdf.com/pinout/911411/TCS3472-schematic.html
  10. Avago Technologies, APDS-9960 Digital Proximity, Ambient Light, RGB and Gesture Sensor, Data Sheet, AV02-4191EN (November 8, 2013). https://content.arduino.cc/assets/Nano_BLE_ Sense_av02-4191en_ds_apds-9960.pdf
  11. Intersil, Digital Red, Green and Blue Colour Light Sensor with IRBlocking Filter ISL29125, FN8424.2, (January 24, 2014). https://cdn.sparkfun.com/datasheets/Sensors/LightImaging/isl29125.pdf
  12. AMS, AS7265x Smart 18-Channel VIS to NIR Spectral_ID 3-Sensor Chipset with Electronic Shutter, Datasheet [v1-04], (July 9, 2018). https://datasheetspdf.com/pdf/1315799/ams/AS72651/1
  13. AMS, AS7341 11-Channel Multi-Spectral Digital Sensor, Datasheet DS000504 [v3-00], (June 25, 2020). https://datasheetspdf.com/pdf/1402690/ams/AS7341/1
  14. AMS, AS7262 6-Channel Visible Spectral_ID Device with Electronic Shutter and Smart Interface, Datasheet [v1-01], (March 17, 2017). https://ams.com/documents/20143/36005/AS7262_ DS000486_2-00.pdf
  15. ADB Safe gate, High Intensity Unidirectional Elevated Light for Approach, Threshold and Runway End and for Sequenced Flashing Lights (SFLS) Runway Threshold Identification (RTILS) Systems, User Manual, UM-4020/AM02-630e, Rev. 2.0, (May 19, 2020). https://adbsafegate.com/documents/2326/en/manual-uel
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Authors and Affiliations

Jakub Suder
1
ORCID: ORCID
Kacper Podbucki
1
ORCID: ORCID
Tomasz Marciniak
1
ORCID: ORCID
Adam Dąbrowski
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Division of Signal Processing and Electronic Systems, Institute of Automation and Robotics, Poznan University of Technology, 24 Jana Pawła II Ave., 60-965 Poznań, Poland

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