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Terrestrial Antarctic ecosystems in the changing world: An overview

Katarzyna J. Chwedorzewska
Polish Polar Research | 2009 | vol. 30 | No 3 | 263-276
Keywords Antarctica alien species human impact
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Abstract

Although the Antarctic has avoided the worst effects of alien species, its future seems endangered due to increasing natural and man-made pressures. Rapid changes in three major environmental variables have occurred in the Antarctic region during the last decades. In the short term terrestrial biota are likely to benefit from reduced environmental stresses, but in the long run the colonization of the region by lower latitude species with greater competitive ability will become increasingly important and can lead to large-scale changes in biological composition and trophic complexity in some existing Antarctic terrestrial ecosystems. Moreover, the recent dynamic climate changes combined with human activities in the Antarctic region might modify the status of several alien species which have hitherto been considered transient or persistent and could, therefore, become naturalized and threaten the native communities on a larger scale than today, or influence the status of naturalized species.

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Authors and Affiliations

Katarzyna J. Chwedorzewska

Why it is important to engage students in school activities? Examining the mediation effect of student school engagement on the relationships between student alienation and school burnout

Katarzyna Tomaszek
Polish Psychological Bulletin | 2020 | vol. 51 | No 2 | 98-97 | DOI: 10.24425/ppb.2020.133767
Keywords student alienation student engagement school burnout mediation
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Abstract

Student engagement and burnout have become the latest focus of attention among researchers and practitioners. This is because both are seen as the main factors connected with the meaningful and purposeful educational activities that lead to high learning outcomes and better physical and mental health. Specifically, burnout decreases, and engagements heightened these characteristics.

The aim of the present study was to explore the relationships between alienation, engagement and burnout in an educational context. Additionally, the mediation role of school engagement on the association between alienation and burnout was tested.

The study was conducted among 109 early adolescents, aged 13–15 years (NFemale=52). ESSBS (Elementary Student School Burnout Scale), PAI (Alienation Inventory – Short Form) and SSEM (Student School Engagement Scale) were used to measure the levels of burnout, alienation and engagement, respectively.

The results indicated that higher alienation was associated with lower engagement and with higher school burnout. Student engagement, productivity and belonging significantly mediated the links between alienation total score, normlessness, powerlessness and school burnout. The path analysis revealed that normlessness significantly predicted student engagement (-.44) and school burnout (-.20). The model explained 31% of the variances for school engagement, and 46% of the variances for school burnout.

In conclusion, alienated students – especially those suffering from normlessness – feel disconnected and overwhelmed by school duties. In addition, to diminish the risk of alienation and burnout in a school context of students, educational practitioners should include school engagement (especially belonging and productivity) improvement as one of the most significant protective factors.

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Authors and Affiliations

Katarzyna Tomaszek
ORCID: ORCID

Marx’s diagnosis of alienated work

Witold P. Glinkowski
Przegląd Filozoficzny. Nowa Seria | 2018 | No 4 | 269-282 | DOI: 10.24425/pfns.2018.125506
Keywords K. Marx alienated work philosophical anthropology
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Abstract

The aim of this analysis is to determine whether Marx’s diagnosis of alienated work applies to work that is performed in our time, and whether the concept itself is useful for philosophical anthropology. Marx assumes that there is a link between alienation of work and alienation of the worker. The author asks if these premises lead to further questions, such as: Is the phenomenon of alienation of work characterized unambiguously and precisely? Can it be useful for analyzing social phenomena occurring outside the proletariat? Is it relevant to apply this phenomenon to the philosophical discourse on man conducted independently of the historical perspective assumed by Marx? Will abolition of private ownership of means of production eliminate the phenomenon of alienated work? Which is more nearly true: Marx’s idea that private property is the result of alienated work, or the opposite, that private property is its cause?

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Authors and Affiliations

Witold P. Glinkowski
ORCID: ORCID

Egoistic Relative Deprivation and Support for Populism in Days of Democracy Crisis: the Case of Poland

Krzysztof Korzeniowski
Polish Psychological Bulletin | 2021 | vol. 52 | No 2 | 129-138 | DOI: 10.24425/ppb.2021.137255
Keywords relative deprivation dysphoric affect political alienation political paranoia support for populism
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Abstract

According to the social psychological literature, egoistic relative deprivation impairs well-being but has at most little impact on political protest and engagement. We considered this view incomplete and over-simplifying. It was predicted that egoistic relative deprivation itself may impair democracy by increasing support for populism, and that the postulated relationship will be mediated by dysphoric affect, political alienation, and political paranoia. The empirical basis of the article were three studies carried out on nationwide random-quota samples of adult Poles: in 2002 (N = 1500), in 2010 (N = 800), and in 2017 (N = 2000). It was found that support for populism systematically depends directly on dysphoric affect and political paranoia, which are strengthened by egoistic relative deprivation. In 2017, with populist political groupings in power in Poland, the role of political alienation turned out to be ambiguous. Political alienation slightly strengthened political paranoia but directly lowered support for populism. In conclusion it was noted that in Poland's history and in the contemporary Polish mentality there is a great potential for negative affect, pessimism and bitterness. Relative deprivation experienced today successfully maintains this potential.
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Authors and Affiliations

Krzysztof Korzeniowski
1
  1. Polish Academy of Sciences

A balanced résumé of Marx’s philosophy: Wahrheit und Dichtung

Jacek Hołówka
Przegląd Filozoficzny. Nowa Seria | 2018 | No 4 | 13-36 | DOI: 10.24425/pfns.2018.125491
Keywords instability of capitalism exploitation alienation dialectic commodity based economy communism
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Abstract

The author believes that one all-inclusive assessment of Marx’s philosophy is inevitably misleading. Although Marx constructed one theory that has a texture of a uniform fabric, the fabric has been woven with threads of two very different qualities. His presentation of capitalist instability, exploitation and alienation has the quality of scientific explanations. But his treatment of dialectic, economy formulated in terms of priceless commodities and his vision of communism is fantastic and arbitrary.

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Authors and Affiliations

Jacek Hołówka
ORCID: ORCID

Dispersal of pollen and invertebrates by wind in contrasting Arctic habitats of Svalbard

Łukasz Grewling Ronald Laniecki Mikołaj Jastrzębski Julia Borkowska Zofia Marek Katarzyna Kondrat Zofia Nowak Michał Zacharyasiewicz Marcelina Małecka Barbara Valle Beata Messyasz Krzysztof Zawierucha
Polish Polar Research | 2024 | vol. 45 | No 1 | 43-65 | DOI: 10.24425/ppr.2023.146740
Keywords Arctic Spitsbergen bioareosols alien species long-range transport
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Abstract

Although Svalbard archipelago is considered as a natural laboratory for the environmental studies in the High Arctic, the knowledge on the transport and diversity of bioaerosols (aeroplankton) in the atmosphere is poorly recognized. To improve our knowledge about the aeroplankton over the Svalbard, we conducted a short-term study in the central part of the archipelago with a special focus on two important, but understudied in this region, airborne components: pollen grains and invertebrates. Aerobiological traps, three impact-type samplers and 12 pitfall-type water traps, were operated for a week of July 2022 at three sites located near Longyearbyen, the largest settlement of Svalbard. These sites, that is, Platåfjellet, Longyearbreen Glacier, and glacier valley, varied in the local sources of biological material and altitude. In total, 11 pollen taxa were isolated from pollen impactors. Most of them (68%) belonged to non-native plants, for example, Alnus sp., Betula sp., Picea abies, or Pinus sylvestris-type pollen. In pitfall-type water traps, we found invertebrates representing Acari (Prostigmata, Endeostigmata and Oribatida), Collembola ( Agrenia bidenticulata), Tardigrada (Eutardigrada) and Rotifera (Bdelloidea). The most taxa-rich site, both for pollen and invertebrates, was Platåfjellet, characterized by open landscape dominated by small cryptogams, mainly lichens and mosses, and sparse patches of vascular plants. Even though our sampling was short-term, we found diverse taxa belonged to native and alien species, indicating that both local and long-range transport shape aeroplankton composition and seeding of Arctic habitats. Long-term aerobiological monitoring in diverse ecosystems of Svalbard is needed to understand spatio-temporal influence of aeroplankton on ecosystems.
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Authors and Affiliations

Łukasz Grewling
1
ORCID: ORCID
Ronald Laniecki
1
Mikołaj Jastrzębski
1
Julia Borkowska
1
Zofia Marek
1
Katarzyna Kondrat
1
Zofia Nowak
1
Michał Zacharyasiewicz
1
Marcelina Małecka
1
Barbara Valle
2 3
ORCID: ORCID
Beata Messyasz
1
ORCID: ORCID
Krzysztof Zawierucha
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, ul. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
  2. Department of Life Sciences, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
  3. NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, Italy

First data of age, condition, growth rate and diet of invasive Neogobius melanostomus (Pallas, 1814) in the Pomeranian Bay, Poland

Agnieszka Rybczyk Przemysław Czerniejewski Sławomir Keszka Mariola Janowicz Adam Brysiewicz Wawrzyniec Wawrzyniak
Journal of Water and Land Development | 2020 | No 47 | 142-149 | DOI: 10.24425/jwld.2020.135041
Keywords diet fish alien species Gobidae growth rate Pomeranian Bay population structure
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Abstract

Round goby (Neogobius melanostomus (Pallas, 1814)) is an invasive species in the Oder River. In this study, age of 147 fish was determined using scales and otoliths, and the Fraser-Lee back-calculation method was used for population structure and theoretical length growth rates with 3 mathematical models of growth: von Bertalanffy, Ford–Walford and 2nd degree polynomial. Fish condition was determined using Fulton, Le Cren and Clark equations. Average total length and weight of fish was 162.00 mm and 83.00 g, respectively. Males were more abundant than females, representing 70% of the fish caught, and achieved greater total lengths and weights. Age 2+ dominated females and 3+ males age groups. Of the three mathematical models used to estimate fish growth, the 2nd degree polynomial model had the best fit to back-calculated lengths. Males had slightly higher growth rates than females in the first two years of life but comparable in subsequent years. The diet consisted of various benthic organisms that varied with fish age. The most frequently occurring food com-ponent was Dreissena polymorpha, which accounted for approximately 70% in the diet of fish with a body length greater than 191 mm.

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Authors and Affiliations

Agnieszka Rybczyk
ORCID: ORCID
Przemysław Czerniejewski
ORCID: ORCID
Sławomir Keszka
Mariola Janowicz
Adam Brysiewicz
ORCID: ORCID
Wawrzyniec Wawrzyniak
ORCID: ORCID

Don Quixote and incongruity: Autism, madness, alienation

Anita Całek
Ruch Literacki | 2022 | No 5 (374) | 933-951 | DOI: 10.24425/rl.2022.143000
Keywords Miguel de Cervantes (1547–1616) Don Quixote madness alienation cognitive distortion autism spectrum the Other
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Abstract

Analyzing Don Quixote from the perspective of the main character's madness has a long history backed by a well-entrenched critical tradition. The latter was recently revisited by Marcin Rychter in his article 'Don Kichote i szaleństwo' [Don Quixote and madness] ( Przegląd Filozoficzny, N.S., 2017 (2), pp. 121–133). Although Rychter eschews psychiatric terminology in his descriptions of Don Quixote's state of mind, he cannot help using the term 'psychosis' and assumes that the reactions of Cervantes' protagonist are delusions and hallucinations. This article steers clear of any psychoanalytical or psychiatric interpretations of Don Quixote and suggests instead that he represents a metaphorical projection of self-estrangement which has reached the point of not being able to interact with the outside world. The very creation of such a character dramatizes the problem of incongruity between self-expression and the rules of communication with other people and the basic assumptions which make understanding and being understood possible. In effect Don Quixote may be seen as an exemplary figure typifying both autism and cognitive distortions. He personifies the Other, i.e. someone who is separate and estranged from the community and its norms and, at the same time, valiantly grapples with that condition trying again and again to transcend it.
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Authors and Affiliations

Anita Całek
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Wydział Polonistyki Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego

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