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Abstract

A DIRECT APPROACH to the problem of the separation of elastic strain energy in the case of generally anisotropic materials is described in the present work. It is based on a simple analysis of the strain tensor into a spherical and a deviatoric one. A definition of dilatational and distortional elastic strain densities is introduced, based on the consideration of the geometrical response of a material. Through the generalized Hooke's law, analytic expressions are obtained for the generally anisotropic materials. The present results coincide with the only available in the literature data for anisotropic materials with cubic symmetry. In addition, an application for transversally isotropic materials is presented.
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Authors and Affiliations

N. P. Andrianopoulos
V. C. Boulougouris
A. P. Iliopoulos
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Abstract

To explore the basic principles of hierarchical materials designed from nanoscale and up, we have been studying the mechanics of robust and releasable adhesion nanostructures of gecko [1]. On the question of robust adhesion, we have introduced a fractal-like hierarchical hair model to show that structural hierarchy allows the work of adhesion to be exponentially enhanced as the level of structural hierarchy is increased. We show that the nanometer length scale plays an essential role in the bottom-up design and, baring fracture of hairs themselves, a hierarchical hair system can be designed from nanoscale and up to achieve flaw tolerant adhesion at any length scales. For releasable adhesion, we show that elastic anisotropy leads to orientation-dependent adhesion strength. Finite element calculations revealed that a strongly anisotropic attachment pad in contact with a rigid substrate exhibits essentially two levels of adhesion strength depending on the direction of pulling.

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Authors and Affiliations

H. Yao
H. Gao

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