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Number of results: 38
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Abstract

The purpose of the paper is to outline a systematic and unified non-local treatment of mode conversion effects associated with an interface superlattice being a 2D pseudo-array composed of altered phase inclusions (exemplified by impurity clusters) and located at a solid-solid plane interface. It will be illustrated, in some detail, for the instructive case of a Stoneley type acoustic wave (SW), incident on a periodically nonhomogeneous portion of an interface and partly transformed into bulk modes propagating in one of the component solid. An analytical model scheme is constructed, using a variational method combined with the T matrix approach, appropriate for the 2D periodic array treated, and decaying into the depth of this solid for the structure in a way determined by the array geometry and element 3D profiles as well as the boundary conditions at the interface. An apodization (weighting) to reduce the side-lobes level is incorporated into the structure by appropriately varying lateral dimensions and the depth of particular scatterers.

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Authors and Affiliations

Jerzy Kapelewski
Bogdan Lila
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Abstract

In this paper, a novel structure of a compact UWB slot antenna and its design optimization procedure has been presented. In order to achieve a sufficient number of degrees of freedom necessary to obtain a considerable size reduction rate, the slot is parameterized using spline curves. All antenna dimensions are simultaneously adjusted using numerical optimization procedures. The fundamental bottleneck here is a high cost of the electromagnetic (EM) simulation model of the structure that includes (for reliability) an SMA connector. Another problem is a large number of geometry parameters (nineteen). For the sake of computational efficiency, the optimization process is therefore performed using variable-fidelity EM simulations and surrogate-assisted algorithms. The optimization process is oriented towards explicit reduction of the antenna size and leads to a compact footprint of 199 mm2 as well as acceptable matching within the entire UWB band. The simulation results are validated using physical measurements of the fabricated antenna prototype.
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Authors and Affiliations

Sławomir Koziel
Adrian Bekasiewicz
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Abstract

The paper presents a series of designed microstrip antennas with different gain and width radiation characteristics and intended for use in Wi-Fi systems. These antennas in a multilayer system were analyzed with the use of computer programs, and then the parameters and characteristics of these antennas were measured. At the same time, to check the correctness of work, additional measurements of the temperature of the radiators were used with a thermal imaging camera. The obtained results were compared with the results of calculations and measurements. They show high compliance with both calculations and measurements. At the same time, thermovision measurements show the weaknesses of the designed power lines.
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Bibliography

[1] Sharma R., Mithilesh Kumar, Dual band planar microstrip antenna for 2.5/5.8 GHz wireless cellular applications, International Journal on Communications Antenna and Propagation, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 90–96 (2013).
[2] Nelson I.O., Ademola A.Y., Patch antenna array feed design for a dish antenna, International Journal on Communications Antenna and Propagation, vol. 3, no. 5, pp. 261–266 (2013).
[3] Maloney J.G., Smith G.S., Scott W.R., Accurate computation of radiation from simple antenas using finite – difference time domain method, IEEE Trans. Antennas and Propagation, vol. 38 (1990).
[4] Ghaderi B., Parhizgar N., Resource allocation in MIMO systems specific to radio communication, Archives of Electrical Engineering, vol. 68, no. 1, pp. 91–100 (2019).
[5] Parhizgar N., A new mutual coupling compensation method for receiving antenna array-based DOA estimation, Archives of Electrical Engineering, vol. 67, no. 2 (2018).
[6] Bielecki Z.,Rogalski A., Optical signals detection, Scientific and Technical Publishing, Warsaw(2001).
[7] MinkinaW., Thermovision measurements – instruments and methods, Publishing House of the Czestochowa University of Technology, Czestochowa (2004).
[8] Balanis C.A., Antenna theory, New Jersey, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. (2005).
[9] Fang D.G., Antenna theory and microstrip antennas, CRC Press (2010).
[10] Lo Y.T., Lee S.W., Antenna Handbook, Antenna Theory, vol. 2 (1988).
[11] Taflowe A., Computational electrodynamics Finite – Difference Time Domain, Artech House, Boston (1995).
[12] Wnuk M., Analysis of radiating structures located on a multilayer dielectric, Warsaw, MUT (1999).
[13] Długosz T., Mutual influence of the TEM I transmission line of the tested object, Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. Elect. Eng., Wrocław (2007).
[14] Keshavarz S., Nozhat N., Dual-band Wilkinson power divider based on composite right/left-handed transmission lines, 13th International Conference on Electrical Engineering/Electronics, Computer, Telecommunications and Information Technology (ECTI-CON) 2016, DOI: 10.1109/ECTICon.2016.7561268.
[15] Trikas P.A., Balanis C.A., Finite – difference time – domain technique for radiation by horn antennas, IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium Digest, vol. 3 (1991).
[16] Gizem Toroglu, Levent Sevgi, Finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) matlab codes for first- and second-order em differential equations, IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine, vol. 56, no. 2, pp. 221–239 (2014), DOI: 10.1109/MAP.2014.6837093

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Authors and Affiliations

Marian Wnuk
1

  1. Military University of Technology, Poland
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Abstract

The operation of an anti-collision RFID system is characterized by the interrogation zone which should be estimated in any direction of 3D space for a group of electronic transponders. The interrogation zone should be as large as possible. However, the many problems in this area are due to the fact that energy can be transferred to transponders only on a limited distance. The greatest flexibility in developing RFID applications and shaping the interrogation zone can be achieved using the system with an antenna multiplexer. Therefore the problem of the interrogation zone determination in HF RFID systems with two orthogonal RWD antennas is presented in the paper. The perceived issues have been effectively dealt with and the solution has been proposed on the basis of the elaborated model. Conducted studies have been used to develop the software tool JankoRFIDmuxHF in the Mathcad environment. The research results are analysed in an example system configuration. The specialized measuring stand has been used for experimental verification of the identification efficiency. The convergence of the measurements and calculations confirms a practical usefulness of the presented concept of interrogation zone determination in anti-collision systems. It also shows the practical utility of the developed model and software tools.

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Authors and Affiliations

Piotr Jankowski-Mihułowicz
Mariusz Węglarski
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Abstract

An intelligent security model for the big data environment is presented in this paper. The proposed security framework is data sensitive in nature and the level of security offered is defined on the basis of the data secrecy standard. The application area preferred in this work is the healthcare sector where the amount of data generated through the digitization and aggregation of medical equipment’s readings and reports is huge. The handling and processing of this great amount of data has posed a serious challenge to the researchers. The analytical outcomes of the study of this data are further used for the advancement of the medical prognostics and diagnostics. Security and privacy of this data is also a very important aspect in healthcare sector and has been incorporated in the healthcare act of many countries. However, the security level implemented conventionally is of same level to the complete data which not a smart strategy considering the varying level of sensitivity of data. It is inefficient for the data of high sensitivity and redundant for the data of low sensitivity. An intelligent data sensitive security framework is therefore proposed in this paper which provides the security level best suited for the data of given sensitivity. Fuzzy logic decision making technique is used in this work to determine the security level for a respective sensitivity level. Various patient attributes are used to take the intelligent decision about the security level through fuzzy inference system. The effectiveness and the efficacy of the proposed work is verified through the experimental study.
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Authors and Affiliations

Somya Dubey
1
Dhanraj Verma
1

  1. Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam University, Indore, India
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Abstract

Internet of Things (IoT) will play an important role in modern communication systems. Thousands of devices will talk to each other at the same time. Clearly, smart and efficient hardware will play a vital role in the development of IoT. In this context, the importance of antennas increases due to them being essential parts of communication networks. For IoT applications, a small size with good matching and over a wide frequency range is preferred to ensure reduced size of communication devices. In this paper, we propose a structure and discuss design optimization of a wideband antenna for IoT applications. The antenna consists of a stepped-impedance feed line, a rectangular radiator and a ground plane. The objective is to minimize the antenna footprint by simultaneously adjusting all geometry parameters and to maintain the electrical characteristic of antenna at an acceptable level. The obtained design exhibits dimensions of only 3.7 mm × 11.8 mm and a footprint of 44 mm2, an omnidirectional radiation pattern, and an excellent pattern stability. The proposed antenna can be easily handled within compact communication devices. The simulation results are validated through measurements of the fabricated antenna prototype.

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Authors and Affiliations

Muhammad Aziz ul Haq
Sławomir Kozieł
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Abstract

The polarized electromagnetic waves have significant impact on the performance of adaptive antenna arrays. In this paper we investigate the effect of polarized desired and undesired signals on the performance of electronically steered beam adaptive antenna arrays. To achieve this goal, we built an analytical signal model for the adaptive array, in order to analyze, and compare the effect of polarized signals on the output SINRs (signal to interference plus noise ratios) of single-dipole, and cross-dipole adaptive antenna arrays. Based on a proof-of-concept experiment, and on MATLAB simulation results, it will be shown that cross-dipole adaptive antenna arrays exhibit better performance in comparison with single-dipole adaptive antenna arrays in presence of randomly polarized signals. However, single-dipole arrays show better performance under certain operating conditions.

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Authors and Affiliations

Amin H. Al Ka'bi
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Abstract

Wireless communication is a fundamental requirement because of its low cost, high flexibility and convenience, continuing improvements in speed and connectivity, and accessibility in remote areas. One example is very small aperture terminal (VSAT) communication. A VSAT is a two-way satellite ground station operating at C-band and Ku-band frequencies, with linear and circular polarization in the C band and linear polarization in the Ku band. For the data transmitted by a satellite to be utilized by a user, the antenna on the user side must have dual-wideband and dual-polarization characteristics. In this study, a dual-polarization planar dual-wideband antenna with dimensions of 30 x 39 x 1.52 mm3 was designed using a dual-port approach. The introduction of a slot and perturbation on the patch side results in the dual-wideband characteristics of the antenna. The introduction of slots into the antenna ground results in circular polarization. The proposed antenna has resonant frequencies of 3 - 15 GHz on port 1 and 3.31 – 7.79 GHz and 9.05 – 15 GHz on port 2, with circular polarization characteristics on port 1 and linear polarization characteristics on port 2. On port 1, the gains at frequencies of 4.2 GHz is 3.93 dB, while on port 2, the gains at frequencies of 3.9 GHz is 0.51 dB.
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Authors and Affiliations

A’isya Nur Aulia Yusuf
1
Fitri Yuli Zulkifli
1

  1. Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia
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Abstract

In this work, a real-time label-free microwave sensing mechanism for glucose concentration monitoring using a planar biosensor configured with an inset fed microstrip patch antenna has been demonstrated. A microstrip patch antenna with the resonating frequency of 1.45 GHz has been designed and is fabricated on the Flame Retardant (FR-4) substrate. Due to the intense electromagnetic field at the edges of the patch antenna, edge length has been used as the detecting area where the sample under test (SUT) interacts with the electromagnetic field. The Poly-Dimethyl-Siloxane (PDMS) with the trench in the centre has been employed as the sample holder. Here, the SUT is the glucose dissolved in DI (de-ionized) water with the concentration range of 0.2 to 0.6 g/mL. The dielectric constant dependency on the glucose concentration has been used as the distinguishing factor which results in a shift in the S-parameter. The experimentally measured RF parameters were observed closely which showed the shift in S11 magnitude from –40 to –15 dB and resonant frequency from 1.27 to 1.3 GHz w.r.t the SUT solution of 0.2 to 0.6 g/mL with linear regression coefficient of 0.881, and 0.983 respectively.
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Authors and Affiliations

Priya Rai
1
Poonam Agarwal
2

  1. Institute of Science and Technology, Chandrakona Town, Paschim Medinipur, West Bengal-721301, India
  2. Microsystems Lab, School of Computer and Systems Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi-110067, India
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Abstract

In this paper, a conventional mushroom-type EBG unit cell is made compact by etching a C-slot at its conducting surface. Further, the C-slotted mushroom-type EBG unit cell is coupled with a microstrip line using a novel groove-coupling technique to design a notch filter. The arrangement has achieved in the reduction of the electrical size of the mushroom type EBG unit cell by 46:15% and create a stop band suppression of -12 dB. The proposed EBG is applied to notch a narrow band centered at 5:2 GHz along with an ultra-wideband antenna. The far field gain of the antenna is suppressed by -5:8 dBi along the direction of its major lobe at 5:2 GHz. The overall size of the antenna system is 19x27x1:6mm3 which is compact. The performance of the antenna is validated from the simulation and measured results.

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Authors and Affiliations

Kumaresh Sarmah
Sivaranjan Goswami
Angana Sarma
Sunandan Baruah
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Abstract

We designed, fabricated, and evaluated a monopole water antenna (WA) filled with pure water. A 2.4 GHz patch antenna (PA) was used for measurement comparison, and the current density distribution and 3D field strength radiation distribution and reflection coefficient of the PA had a fundamental mode and a higher-order mode at 3.5 GHz, whose polarization was 90 degrees different. The 2.4 GHz monopole WA could receive only the fundamental mode of the PA. The 3.5 GHz WA could receive the higher-order mode of the PA by rotating the WA by 90 degrees. The transmission coefficient of the 2.4 GHz WA decreased with the square of the spacing, similar to the spatial propagation characteristics of electromagnetic waves. Almost the same results could be expected if planar or three-dimensional antennas were used instead of monopole electrodes.
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Authors and Affiliations

Koyu Chinen
1
Ichiko Kinjo
2

  1. GLEX, Yokohama, Japan
  2. Information and Communication System Engineering, Dept., National Institute of Technology, Okinawa College, Nago, Japan
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Abstract

Research on improving the performance of microstrip antennas is continuously developing the following technology; this is due to its light dimensions, cheap and easy fabrication, and performance that is not inferior to other dimension antennas. Especially in telecommunications, microstrip antennas are constantly being studied to increase bandwidth and gain according to current cellular technology. Based on the problem of antenna performance limitations, optimization research is always carried out to increase the gain to become the antenna standard required by 5G applications. This research aims to increase the gain by designing a 5-element microstrip planar array antenna arrangement at a uniform distance (lamda/2) with edge weights at a frequency of 2.6 GHz, Through the 1x5 antenna design with parasitic patch, without parasitic, and using proximity coupling.This study hypothesizes that by designing an N-element microstrip planar array antenna arrangement at uniform spacing (lamda/2) with edge weights, a multi-beam radiation pattern character will be obtained so that to increase gain, parasitic patches contribute to antenna performance. This research contributes to improving the main lobe to increase the gain performance of the 1x5 planar array antenna. Based on the simulation results of a 1x5 microstrip planar array antenna using a parasitic patch and edge weighting, a gain value of 7.34 dB is obtained; without a parasitic patch, a gain value of 7.03 dB is received, using a parasitic patch and proximity coupling, a gain value of 2.29 dB is obtained. The antenna configuration with the addition of a parasitic patch, even though it is only supplied at the end (edge weighting), is enough to contribute to the parameters impedance, return loss, VSWR, and total gain based on the resulting antenna radiation pattern. The performance of the 1x5 microstrip planar array antenna with parasitic patch and double substrate (proximity coupling), which is expected to contribute even more to the gain side and antenna performance, has yet to be achieved. The 1x5 planar array antenna design meets the 5G gain requirement of 6 dB.
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Authors and Affiliations

Imelda Uli Vistalina Simanjuntak
1
Sulistyaningsih
2
Heryanto
3
Dian Widi Astuti
1

  1. Universitas Mercu Buana, Indonesia
  2. Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional, Indonesia
  3. Institut Teknologi PLN, Indonesia
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Abstract

This Article presented the study of a single pacth antenna and array patch antenna. We will focus on the design based on a small size at a resonant frequency of 30GHz. using the software CST Microwave Studio (FEM method) and ADS software (Moments method) to find internal parameters (S... parameters, bandwidth ,VSWR) and external characteristics (gain, directivity and radiation pattern, efficiencies) . To increase the total gain of the antenna and to have a wider bandwidth band width and taking advantage of the functionality of the radiation overlap of several elements radiating in the same direction, we suggest the second and most important step to design a most important step to design an antenna array grouping patches identical to our first patch antenna proposed in first patch antenna proposed in the first step
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Authors and Affiliations

Khazini Mohammed
1
Damou Mehdi
1
Souar Zeggai
2

  1. Laboratory of Electronics, Signal Processing and Microwave, Faculty of Technology, University of Dr. TaharMoulay of Saida, Algeria
  2. Faculty of Technology, University of Dr. TaharMoulay of Saida, Algeria
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Abstract

In this article, a hybrid circularly polarized Multiple- Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) antenna for multi-band operation from 2.3 to 9.2 GHz with an impedance bandwidth of 7 GHz is proposed and investigated experimentally. The designed MIMO antenna model has a compact size of 20mm×40mm×1.6mm on the FR-4 substrate. The microstrip feed of the proposed slot antenna consists of a tapered structure, and the radiating element consists of the inverted L- shaped slots, which were opened on both sides of the radiating elements to introduce notches at the sub-6 GHz frequencies. L-shaped stubs are also introduced on another side of the substrate in the common ground plane to attain high isolation between the radiating elements of the proposed antenna. In the operating band from 2.3 to 9.2 GHz, isolation of less than -20 dB is achieved by the proposed model. The performance of the circularly polarized MIMO antenna in terms of RHCP and LHCP radiation patterns, axial ratio, surface current distributions, isolation between the ports, diversity gain (DG), envelope correlation coefficient (ECC), total active reflection coefficient (TARC), and peak gain are studied and presented in this work. The obtained characteristics of the proposed antenna make it suitable for sub-6- GHz frequency applications.
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Bibliography

[1] Shuai Zhang, and Gert Frolund Pedersen, “Mutual Coupling Reduction for UWB MIMO Antennas with a Wideband Neutralization Line,” IEEE Antenna Wireless Propag. Letters, vol. 15, pp. 166-169, May 2016. https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2015.2435992.
[2] Amjad Iqbal, Omar A. Saraereh, Arbab Waheed Ahmad, Shahid Bashir, “Mutual Coupling Reduction Using F-Shaped Stubs in UWB-MIMO Antenna,” IEEE Access, vol. 6, pp. 2755-2759, Dec 2017. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2017.2785232.
[3] Abdulrahman Shueai, Mohsen Alqadami, Mohd Faizal Jamlos, Ping Jack Soh, Guy A. E. Vandenbosch. “Assessment of PDMS Technology in a MIMO Antenna Array,” IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Volume: 15, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2015.2513960.
[4] Shraman Gupta, Zouhair Briqech, Abdel Razik Sebak, Tayeb Ahmed Denidni, “Mutual-Coupling Reduction Using Metasurface Corrugations for 28 GHz MIMO Applications,” IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters , Volume: 16, Pages: 2763 – 2766, DOP:25 August 2017. https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2017.2745050.
[5] SeaheeHwangbo, Hae Yong Yang, Yong-Kyu Yoon “Mutual Coupling Reduction Using Micromachined Complementary Meander-Line Slots for a Patch Array Antenna,” IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letter, vol. 16, pp. 1667 – 1670, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2017.2663114.
[6] Ullah, Ubaid, Ismail Ben Mabrouk, and Slawomir Koziel. “Enhanced-performance circularly polarized MIMO antenna with polarization/pattern diversity,” IEEE Access Volume:8, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2966052.
[7] Amjad Iqbal, Amor Smida, Abdullah J. Alazani, Mohamed I. Waly, Nazih Khaddaj Mallat. “Wideband Circularly Polarized MIMO Antenna for High Data Wearable Biotelemetric Devices,” IEEE Access Volume: 8, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2967397.
[8] K.G.Thomas and M.Sreenivasan, “A simple ultrawideband planar rectangular printed antenna with band dispensation,” IEEE Transaction on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 58, no. 1, pp. 27–34, January 2010. https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2009.2036279.
[9] S. Blanch, J. Romeu, and I. Corbella, “Exact representation of antenna system diversity performance from input parameter description,” Electronics Letter, vol. 39, no. 9, pp. 705–707, May 2003. https://doi.org/10.1049/el:20030495.
[10] J.-Y. Deng, L.-X. Guo, and X.-L. Liu, “An ultrawideband MIMO antenna with high isolation,” IEEE Antenna and Wireless Propagation Letters, vol. 15, pp. 182–185, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2015.2437713.
[11] B. P. Chacko, G. Augustin, and T. A. Denidni, “Uniplanar polarization diversity antenna for ultrawideband systems,” IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation, vol. 7, pp. 851–857, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-map.2012.0732.
[12] P. Gao, S. He, Z. Xu, and Y. Zheng, “Compact printed UWB diversity slot antenna with 5.5-GHz band-notched characteristics,” IEEE Antenna and Wireless Propagation Letters, vol. 13, pp. 376–379, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2014.2305772.
[13] J. Zhu, B. Feng, B. Peng, S. Li, and L. Deng, “Compact CPW UWB diversity slot antenna with dual band-notched characteristics,” Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, vol. 58, no. 4, pp. 989–994, April 2016.
[14] H. Yoon, Y. Yoon, H. Kim, and C.-H. Lee, “Flexible ultra-wideband polarization diversity antenna with band-notch function,” IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation, vol. 5, pp. 1463–1470, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-map.2010.0126.
[15] J. Iqbal, U. Illahi, M. I. Sulaiman, M. M. Alam, M. M. Su'ud, and M. N. M. Yasin, “Mutual coupling reduction using the hybrid technique in wideband circularly polarized MIMO antenna for wimax applications,” IEEE Access, vol. 7, pp. 40 951–40 958, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2908001.
[16] L. Qu, H. Piao, Y. Qu, H.-H. Kim, and H. Kim, “Circularly polarized MIMO ground radiation antennas for wearable devices,” Electronics Letters, vol. 54, no. 4, pp. 189–190, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1049/el.2017.4348.
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Authors and Affiliations

S. Salma
1
Habibulla Khan
1
B.T.P. Madhav
1
D. Ram Sandeep
1
M. Suman
1

  1. Dept. of ECE, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, AP, India
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Abstract

This article presents a low-profile and flexible dualband AMC Antenna operating at 2.45/ 5.8 GHz for wireless local area network (WLAN) on-body antenna applications using textile materials. A dual-band artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) structure with a dual hexagonal shape was used to reduce back radiation, therefore specific absorption rate (SAR), and improve the antenna performance parameters. To study the antenna/body interaction, a suitable comprehension and detailed studies of the wave propagation in the vicinity of the human arm in different meteorological conditions were carried out to demonstrate the effects of the skin condition on the antenna performance parameters. The simulation and measurement results indicate that electromagnetic communication on wet skin is viable. Acceptable SAR values were obtained, revealing that the body is well immune from the antenna electromagnetic radiation in functional wearable conditions. The proposed wearable AMC antenna provided engaging simulation and measurement results. It satisfies users' comfort and safety properties, making it a good candidate for WLAN/WBAN applications.
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Authors and Affiliations

Wahida Bouamra
1
Imen Sfar
1
Ameni Mersani
1
Lotfi Osman
2
Jean-Marc Ribero
3

  1. Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunisia
  2. Higher School of Communication of Tunis, University of Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia
  3. University Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Sophia Antipolis, France
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Abstract

The paper presents results of numerical calculations and experimental data on the directional pattern of two 38-element parametric arrays composed of ultrasound sources. Two types of antenna arrays are considered, namely with parallel and coaxial connections of ultrasonic transducers (elements). The results of selecting and functional testing of unit elements are described in this paper. It is found that in the coaxial element connection of the antenna array, the level of side lobes is higher than that in the parallel element connection.

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Authors and Affiliations

Denis S. Rakov
Aleksandr S. Rakov
Andrey N. Kudryavtsev
Nikolay P. Krasnenko
Yury A. Chursin
Maksim A. Murin
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Abstract

In today’s fast-paced world, where everyone/everything is moving towards an online platform, the need to provide high-speed data to all is inevitable. Hence, introducing the emerging 5G technology with orthogonal frequency division multiplexing integrated with massive MIMO technology is the need of the hour. A 640 port Massive MIMO (m- MIMO) antenna with high evenly spread gain and very low delay, along with a practically possible data rate operating in the mm waveband, is proposed for a 5G base station. The individual antenna element consists of a dipole (λ=0.5cm) designed to operate at 57GHz. Placing the cylindrical MIMO antenna array (8x20) facing the four directions forming the m-MIMO antenna (160x4) at the height of 3m from ground level for simulation. Achievement of a maximum gain of 23.14dBi (θ=90▫) and a minimum data rate of 1.44Gbps with -10dB bandwidth of 2.1GHz (256-QAM) approximately a distance of 478m from the 5G Base station. The m-MIMO structure gives an Envelope Correlation Coefficient of 0.015. The propagation analysis is carried out to substantiate the performance of the proposed system based on field strength and received power. Network Analysis for better reception performance is carried out by changing the antenna height placement, altering the down tilt of the antenna array, and sweeping the polarization angle of the antenna array.
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Authors and Affiliations

Samuelraj Chrysolite
1
Anita Jones Mary Pushpa
1

  1. Karunya University, India
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Abstract

In this article, a 3D printed rectangular dielectric resonator antenna which is capable of polarization reconfiguration has been designed. Dielectric resonator is composed of environment friendly and biodegradable material, which is Polylactic Acid. In the proposed model, the polarization can be switch from a linear to a circular by changing the state of a switch, electonically. The antenna switch between two different polarizations: Linear polarization during OFF STATE and Lefthand circular polarization during ON STATE. The proposed 3D printed dielectric resonator antenna is designed to operate in Cband of microwave spectrum, with a broad effective bandwidth (overlapped impedance bandwidths of both states) of 14.542% with centre frequency at 5.845GHz and peak gain 5.5dBi. Further, validated simulated results with experiment and both results are in good agreement.
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Authors and Affiliations

Maganti Apparao
1
Godi Karunakar
1

  1. Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Gitam Institute of Technology, GITAM Deemed to be University, Visakhapatnam, India
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Abstract

The paper discusses the phenomena accompanying switching the sinusoidal excitation of an antenna on and off when the antenna is excited by a train of sinusoids containing several to several hundred periods. Transient phenomena are presented against the background of the resonant properties of the antenna. The processes of turning the antenna on and off take place under different conditions and therefore are different. When the antenna is switched on, the transient processes are determined by the antenna properties and the excitation properties. When the antenna is switched off, excitation is no longer present, and the properties of the antenna determine the transient process. We define a new measure of time: the effective light meter.
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Authors and Affiliations

Anna Witenberg
1

  1. Faculty of Telecommunications, Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Bydgoszcz, Poland
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Abstract

This article presents the design of a miniaturized wearable patch antenna to be utilized for the body area network (BAN) applications. To reduce the size of the antenna a crown fractal geometry antenna design technique has been adopted, and which resulted in a size reduction of 26.85%. Further, the polyester cloth has been used as the substrate of the antenna to make the proposed antenna a flexible one, and suitable for wearable biomedical devices. The designed antenna functions for the 2.45 GHz ISM band and has the gain and bandwidth of 4.54 dB and 131 MHz respectively, covering the entire ISM band. The antenna characteristics like return loss (S11), directivity and radiation pattern have been simulated and analyzed. Specific absorption rate (SAR) and front to back ratio (FBR) of the proposed antenna at the human body tissue model (HBTM) in the planer and different bending conditions of the antenna have also simulated and analyzed, and the proposed antenna fulfils the desired design standards.
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Bibliography

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Authors and Affiliations

Vikas Jain
1
Balwinder Singh Dhaliwal
2

  1. Research Scholar of IK Gujral Punjab Technical University, Kapurthala, Punjab, India
  2. Faculty of Electronics & Communication Engineering Department, National Institute of Technical Teachers’ Training and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Abstract

A novel compact Ultra-Wide-Band Planar Inverted- L antenna is presented and investigated in this paper. The proposed antenna consists of a square planar radiating element with a U-shaped slot. The radiating element is supported by a shorting wall, and fed by a single 50 Ohms characteristic impedance microstripe line, printed on the top of the FR-4 substrate. The ground plane of the antenna is printed on the other side of the substrate. The entire antenna occupies only a small volume of 20mm × 35mm × 4mm, and is capable of operating from 4.2GHz to 8.6GHz (68.75%) and offers a maximum gain of 5.24dB. Therefore, it is suitable for UWB systems and other wireless and mobile technologies and, thus, can be integrated into smartwatch, mobile phones, tablets and laptops. The design of this antenna was carried out using 3D software such as CST studio and Ansoft HFSS to compare and validate the results.
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Authors and Affiliations

Iman Ben Issa
1
Mohamed Essaaidi
2

  1. Department of Physics, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Faculty of Science, Tetuan, Morocco
  2. High National School for Computer Scienceand Systems Analysis- Rabat, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
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Abstract

This paper presents a printed dual band monopole antenna working below 250 MHz using meander line and an added stub. Meander line approach is used to reduce the size of the low frequency monopole. The proposed antenna is fed by microstrip line and printed on FR-4 substrate with an overall size of 290 x 83 mm2. The added stub tuned dual band operation at 114 MHz and 221 MHz with measured reflection coefficient of -19 dB at both bands. The antenna has omni-directional characteristics with efficiency greater than 90% and gain of 1.87, 1.7 dBi at both bands respectively. The antenna design is optimized through a detailed parametric study. This study includes varying stub, Meander, feed and ground dimensions. The antenna has been fabricated and measured where dual band operation in the MHz range is verified.

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Authors and Affiliations

Angie R. Eldamak
Khalid M. Ibrahim
Mohamed Elkattan
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Abstract

In this paper a band notch characteristics reconfigurable UWB leaf shape monopole antenna is reported. The proposed antenna size is 42×32×1.6 mm3 and simulated S11 -10dB impedance bandwidth is from 2.1 to 13.0 GHz. The notch bands are embodied into the designed antenna to suppress Bluetooth and WiFi bands from 2.3-2.7 GHz and 4.6-5.3 GHz. The PIN Diode is loaded to slot on the DGS to achieve notch bands. It has 4.48dB and 1.7dB gain achieved when diode ON and OFF condition. Further, it encompasses a bio-inspired leaf shape patch having high feasibility for deployment in secret and military purposes.
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Authors and Affiliations

Pachiyaannan Muthusamy
1
Srikanta Nallapaneni
2
Krishna Chaitanya Perumalla
2
Bharghava Punna
2

  1. Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Advanced RF Microwave & Wireless Communication Laboratory, Vignan’s Foundation for Science Technology and Research (Deemed to be University), Andhra Pradesh, India
  2. Department of Electronics and CommunicationEngineering, Advanced RF Microwave & Wireless CommunicationLaboratory, Vignan’s Foundation for Science Technology and Research(Deemed to be University), Andhra Pradesh, India
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Abstract

In high technologies today, wearable devices have become popular. Wearable technology is a body sensing system that supports application of health observance and tracking through a wearable Global Positioning System (GPS). The design of the patch antennas is highly significant for the brilliance of the wearable patch antennas. This paper focuses on analyzing the bending effect on return loss and frequency between three types of GPS patch antenna. Types of GPS patch antennas that have been designed in this project are with different substrates and different designs. The wearable patch antenna has been designed and analyse using CST software. As a result, able to analysis the reflection coefficient (S11), radiation patterns, and analytical approach for patch antenna bending effect were obtained.
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Authors and Affiliations

Kavinesh S Radhakrishna
1
M.S. Shakhirul
1
Y.S. Lee
1 2
K.N. Khairina
1
A.R.A Syafiqah
1

  1. Faculty of Electronic Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Perlis, Malaysia
  2. Advanced Communication Engineering, Centre of Excellence (CoE), Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Perlis, Malaysia

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