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Abstract

Od niemal 100 lat żegluga po Morzu Martwym praktycznie nie istnieje. Dwa jego brzegi zajmują nieutrzymujące ze sobą ścisłych stosunków państwa Izrael i Jordania, na jego wodach nie unoszą się już bryły asfaltu, a rybołówstwo z oczywistych względów nigdy tutaj nie istniało. Od czasu do czasu pojawi się tutaj co najwyżej jakaś łódź badawcza. Tym większe zdziwienie i zainteresowanie budzą coraz liczniejsze informacje o odkryciach archeologicznych świadczących o bogatej historii żeglugi po tym akwenie. Wydaje się, że najbardziej intensywnie rozwijała się ona w okresie pomiędzy IV w. BC a II w. AC. Artykuł poświęcono analizie dziewięciu tekstów antycznych, które w mniej lub bardziej bezpośredni sposób informują o żegludze w tym właśnie okresie. Omówione teksty to: – trzy relacje Hieronima z Cardii (IV/III w. BC) zachowane w wersji Diodora Sycylijskiego (I w. BC), – notatka Strabona (ok. 63 BC–24 AC) w jego dziele Geografia, w której cytuje on opis wydobycia asfaltu pochodzący od Posejdoniosa z Rodos (ok. 135–50 BC), – dwa teksty Józefa Flawiusza (37– ok. 94 AC), – opis Tacyta (ok. 55–120 AC), – opinia Marka Junianusa Justyniusa (II/III w. AC) przekazana przez Pompejusza Trogusa (koniec I w. BC), – fragment listu Bar Kochby (II w AC), w którym pisze on o towarach przechowywanych na statkach w porcie w En Gedi. W artykule znalazło się także krótkie omówienie zachowanych informacji ikonograficznych oraz streszczono aktualny stan badań archeologicznych dotyczących okresu, o którym donoszą wcześniej przedstawione źródła pisane.
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Authors and Affiliations

Piotr Briks
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Abstract

The article is devoted to the ancient tradition in the European art and the impact of antiquity on our European identity. The issue of reception of ancient models in art, in particular in the architecture of the Middle Ages, thus the epoch that was chronologically closest to the heritage of the Imperium Romanum, has accompanied the author since the very beginning of her academic career. Such personal approach to the issue and strong belief about the significance of the accomplishments of ancient culture for the development of European artistic thought resulted in the fact that the author decided to come back to it. In spite of the passage of time, it is still a valid subject matter, consistently pursued by Polish and foreign researchers.
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Klaudia Stala
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Abstract

The purpose of the present article is to provide an analysis of the iconographic sources used in the depiction of Adam and Eve in the 3rd–4th century wall paintings. The scene of the Original Sin initially appeared in wall painting, with the oldest examples dating back to the 3rd century AD. In the following century, images of Adam and Eve were used in both sarcophagus sculpture and crafts. The author of the article compares two different iconographic sources, which together shape the final appearance of Original Sin in the art of the period. A crucial literary source beside the text of Genesis is the apocryphal Lives of Adam and Eve, tracing a different sequence of events related to the story of the Original Sin. On the other hand, the analysis of ancient depictions of Hercules and the goddess Venus reveals an intriguing connection between the representations of the Original Sin and pagan iconography.
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Authors and Affiliations

Bartłomiej Żurawski
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Muzeum Narodowe w Warszawie
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Abstract

The essay describes the exhibition Chroma held at the Metropolitan Museum in New York (5th June 2022 – 26th March 2023) on the subject of polychromy in Ancient Greek sculpture. The author presents a short description of the history of research into the Greeks painting their sculptures as well as of the political context of this issue, in which the whiteness of the marble statues is intertwined with the idea of a white Western European civilization. Another important context is that of the American political landscape, in particular far-right, racist movements, which often appropriate symbols connected with what they see as “white” Greek civilization.
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Authors and Affiliations

Hanna Gołąb
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Department of Classics, Columbia University
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Abstract

The interview with Michele Salzman, a renowned scholar of Late Antiquity at the University of California, Riverside, focuses on issues of reinterpreting the methods of the historian of anti-quity in the face of new research developments. Here Salzman outlines the importance and possibilities of interdisciplinary studies and the global dimension of Late Antiquity, outlining the possible research horizons of the coming decades. Referring to the case of the decline of the Roman Empire, the conversation deals with the ways in which the interpretation of the past can be understood as a reflection of the current desires or fears of societies in times of crisis. Special attention in the conversation was given to the issues of resilience and the role of women in the period of Late Antiquity.
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Authors and Affiliations

Marta Nowak
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Uniwersytet Marii Curie‑Skłodowskiej w Lublinie
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Abstract

The interview provides a record of a conversation held during the XXIII International Congress of Historical Sciences in Poznan, with late antiquity scholar and epigraphic specialist Ignazio Tantillo (professor at the Università di Napoli “L’Orientale”). The conversation revolves around the matter of understanding the peculiarities of Late Antiquity in terms of an autonomous period in history, the temporal and spatial framework of which remains the subject of deliberations to this day. In the article, Ignazio Tantillo discusses the role of new challenges and hopes for scholars of Late Antiquity in the coming decades. The conversation also includes a reflection upon the nature of the historian's involvement in the public sphere, the (paradigm of public history), especially in the context of the “cancel culture” phenomenon.
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Authors and Affiliations

Marta Nowak
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Uniwersytet Marii Curie‑Skłodowskiej w Lublinie

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