5G is a fifth-generation wireless technology that enables extremely fast data transfers and massive connection capacity. Existing Mobile health technology requires more reliable connection power and data transfer rates. The purpose of this research is to design, analyse, and compare the performance of a bio-inspired lotus-shaped microstrip patch antenna array with two to three radiating elements. The proposed antenna utilizes proximity coupled indirect microstrip transmission line feeding technique operating in the 24 GHz-30 GHz frequency band. The results indicate that performance continues to improve as the number of radiating elements increases. Moreover, each radiating element is loaded with complementary and non-complementary split-ring resonators (SRRs). The performance of the proposed microstrip antenna array is then analysed and compared with and without split-ring resonators. The findings validate that the proposed bio-inspired metamaterial-based microstrip patch array antenna is more reliable and performs better than an antenna without SRRs.

To explore the basic principles of hierarchical materials designed from nanoscale and up, we have been studying the mechanics of robust and releasable adhesion nanostructures of gecko [1]. On the question of robust adhesion, we have introduced a fractal-like hierarchical hair model to show that structural hierarchy allows the work of adhesion to be exponentially enhanced as the level of structural hierarchy is increased. We show that the nanometer length scale plays an essential role in the bottom-up design and, baring fracture of hairs themselves, a hierarchical hair system can be designed from nanoscale and up to achieve flaw tolerant adhesion at any length scales. For releasable adhesion, we show that elastic anisotropy leads to orientation-dependent adhesion strength. Finite element calculations revealed that a strongly anisotropic attachment pad in contact with a rigid substrate exhibits essentially two levels of adhesion strength depending on the direction of pulling.