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Modulation of lymphocyte subsets and humoral immune response by florfenicol administered to sheep red blood cell-immunized broiler chickens

M. Lis M. Szczypka A. Suszko-Pawłowska M. Świtała P. Pawłowski B. Obmińska-Mrukowicz
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences | 2019 | vol.22 | No 4 | 677-686 | DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2019.129980
Keywords florfenicol antibodies bird broilers immunity lymphocytes
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Abstract

Florfenicol is a broad-spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotic commonly used for the treatment of systemic infections in farm animals. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of florfenicol on the percentage of T lymphocytes (CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, TCRgd+ cells) and B lymphocytes (Bu-1+ cells) and on total serum anti - sheep red blood cell (SRBC) haemagglutinin titer in the peripheral blood of SRBC–immunized broiler chickens. The study included three groups of broiler chickens differentiated by weight (0.5, 1.2, 2.4 kg). Florfenicol was administered orally at a dose of 30 mg/kg. The drug was administered eight times at 24 h intervals. The chickens were immunized with SRBC 24 h after administration of the third dose of florfenicol. Florfenicol increased the percentage of CD3+ blood lymphocytes with a corresponding decrease in the percentage of B lymphocytes in birds weighing 0.5 and 2.4 kg. Florfenicol reduced the production of total anti SRBC-haemagglutinins on day 5 after antigen injection in all three body weight groups of the broiler chickens. In conclusion, florfenicol exerted a modulating effect on the immune response of the birds and this should be taken into consideration when using this antibiotic for certain indications.

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Authors and Affiliations

M. Lis
M. Szczypka
A. Suszko-Pawłowska
M. Świtała
P. Pawłowski
B. Obmińska-Mrukowicz

The effect of acetylosalicylic acid and berberis on ascites syndrome parameters in broiler chickens

M. Hormozi M. Jahantigh
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences | 2017 | No 4 | DOI: 10.1515/pjvs-2017-0107
Keywords ascites acetylosalicylic acid berberis broilers sodium chloride
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Authors and Affiliations

M. Hormozi
M. Jahantigh

The role of high-grade Bentonite powder in coccidiosis and its effects on feed conversion ratio and blood parameters in broiler chicken

F.M.F. Hayajneh A. Abdelqader M.A. Alnimer M.A. Abedal-Majed J. Al-Khazaleh
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences | 2020 | vol. 23 | No 1 | 97-107 | DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2020.132753
Keywords broiler coccidiosis calcium bentonite poultry triglycerides protein
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Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of high doses of calcium bentonite on the blood parameters, anticoccidial activity and intestinal histology of broiler chickens. Three undred and sixty one-day old broilers were distributed into three treatments (T+VE, T-VE, TB )with three replicates. Amprolium was added to the feed of the positive control group, calcium bentonite powder was added to the TB group, and nothing was added to the feed of the T-VE group. Coccidiosis was induced on day 14, the birds were kept until day 49, measurements of the diffe- rent variables started from week 3, blood samples were collected via wing vein, and fecal oocysts were counted from the intestinal contents of each individual bird using the McMaster techni- que. A decrease in feed consumption, body weight gain and conversion ratio was noticed in the calcium bentonite group. Broilers in the calcium bentonite group (TB ) and negative control group (T-VE ) showed clinical signs of coccidiosis (blood in feces) and the number of oocysts in feces increased with time. Histopathological examinations of the affected caeca also demonstrated excessive tissue damage, hemorrhage, the presence of clusters of large schizonts and merozoites in the tissue, and coccidian oocysts in the lumen. Feed conversion was highest in the T+VE group.

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Authors and Affiliations

F.M.F. Hayajneh
A. Abdelqader
M.A. Alnimer
M.A. Abedal-Majed
J. Al-Khazaleh

Hard water may increase the inhibitory effect of feed on the oral bioavailability of oxytetracycline in broiler chickens

H. Ziółkowski H. Madej-Śmiechowska T. Grabowski J.J. Jaroszewski T. Maślanka
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences | 2019 | vol.22 | No 2 | 251-258 | DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2019.127093
Keywords oxytetracycline pharmacokinetics broilers feed hard water
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Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine to what extent the ions present in hard water (125 mg/L of MgCl2 and 500 mg/L of CaCl2) may intensify the feed-induced decrease in oxytetracycline (OTC) absorption rate in broiler chickens after single oral administration at a dose of 15 mg/kg. Drug concentrations in plasma were determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and combined, compartmental and non-compartmental approach was used to assess OTC pharmacokinetics.

The administration of feed decreased the absolute bioavailability (F) of OTC from 12.70%±4.01 to 6.40%±1.08, and this effect was more pronounced after the combined administration of OTC with feed and hard water (5.31%±0.90). A decrease in the area under the concentration- time curve (AUC0-t), (from 10.18±3.24 μg·h/ml in control to 5.13 μg·h/ml±1.26 for feed and 4.26 μg·h/ml±1.10 for feed and hard water) and the maximum plasma concentration of OTC (Cmax) (from 1.22±0.18 μg/ml in control, to 1.01 μg/ml ±0.10 for hard water, 0.68 μg/ml±0.10 for feed and 0.61 μg/ml±0.10 for feed and hard water) was observed. The results of this study indicate that feed strongly decreases F, AUC0-t and Cmax of orally administered OTC. The ions present in hard water increase this inhibitory effect, which suggests that, therapy with OTC may require taking into account local water quality and dose modification, particularly when dealing with outbreaks caused by less sensitive microorganisms.

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Authors and Affiliations

H. Ziółkowski
H. Madej-Śmiechowska
T. Grabowski
J.J. Jaroszewski
T. Maślanka

Anticoccidial effect of apple cider vinegar on broiler chicken: an organic treatment to measure anti-oxidant effect

F.M.F. Hayajneh M. Jalal H. Zakaria A. Abdelqader M. Abuajamieh
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences | 2018 | vol. 21 | No 2 | 361–369 | DOI: 10.24425/122605
Keywords apple cider vinegar broilers coccidial oocytes feed diet disease
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Abstract

The objective of this study was to investigate the anticoccidial effect of apple cider vinegar added to drinking water with the anticoccidial effect of amprolium to feed broiler chicken. The study has adopted an observational approach to evaluate the anticoccidial effect of apple cider vinegar on broiler chicken. The antioxidative changes were measured adding natural apple cider vinegar to drinking water. Four hundred and fifty broiler chickens were purchased from the local market and distributed into three groups (T+vc: positive control, T-vc: negative control Tv: apple cider vinegar) with 150 chickens in each group. The three groups were further replicated into 3 blocks each containing 50 chickens. The groups were fed balanced diet, amprolium was added to the feed of positive control group, and apple cider vinegar was added to the water of Tv group. Measurements of the different variables were started from week 3, at the end of each week 3 birds were chosen randomly, blood samples were collected via the wing vein, and fecal oocysts were counted from intestinal contents of each individual bird using the McMaster technique. Broiler in the control groups T+ve and T-ve showed clinical signs of coccidiosis (blood in feces) and the number of coccidial oocytes in feces increased with time. In the vinegar group, no clinical signs of coccidiosis were observed. Concentrations of total antioxidants and catalase enzyme activity significantly increased (p≤0.05); while malondialdehyde concentration significantly decreased (p≤0.05).
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Authors and Affiliations

F.M.F. Hayajneh
M. Jalal
H. Zakaria
A. Abdelqader
M. Abuajamieh

Bacterial communities in PM2.5 and PM10 in broiler houses at different broiler growth stages in spring

J. Zhang Y. Li E. Xu L. Jiang J. Tang M. Li X. Zhao G. Chen H. Zhu X. Yu X. Zhang
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences | 2019 | vol.22 | No 3 | 495–504 | DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2019.129957
Keywords bacterial communities broilers high-throughput sequencing particulate matter
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Abstract

The welfare and healthy growth of poultry under intensive feeding conditions are closely related to their living environment. In spring, the air quality considerably decreases due to reduced ventilation and aeration in cage systems, which influences the meat quality and health of broilers during normal growth stages. In this study, we analyzed the airborne bacterial communities in PM2.5 and PM10 in cage broiler houses at different broiler growth stages under intensive rearing conditions based on the high-throughput 16S rDNA sequencing technique. Our results revealed that PM2.5, PM10 and airborne microbes gradually increased during the broiler growth cycle in poultry houses. Some potential or opportunistic pathogens, including Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, Enterococcus, Microbacterium, etc., were found in the broiler houses at different growth stages. Our study evaluated variations in the microbial communities in PM2.5 and PM10 and potential opportunistic pathogens during the growth cycle of broilers in poultry houses in the spring. Our findings may provide a basis for developing technologies for air quality control in caged poultry houses.

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Authors and Affiliations

J. Zhang
Y. Li
E. Xu
L. Jiang
J. Tang
M. Li
X. Zhao
G. Chen
H. Zhu
X. Yu
X. Zhang

Relationship between chicken proventricular necrosis virus prevalence and transmissible viral proventriculitis in broiler chickens in Poland

M. Śmiałek M. Gesek D. Dziewulska A. Koncicki
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences | 2021 | vol. 24 | No 3 | 385-391 | DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2021.138729
Keywords transmissible viral proventriculitis chicken proventricular necrosis virus prevalence broiler chickens
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Abstract

Transmissible Viral Proventriculitis (TVP) is a disease of chickens which contributes to significant production losses. Recent reports indicate the role of chicken proventricular necrosis virus (CPNV) in the development of TVP. However, the relationship between CPNV and TVP is inconclusive and it has been addressed in just a few reports.
Given the above, a study was conducted to identify the relationship between TVP and CPNV prevalence in broiler chickens in Poland.
The study was carried out on 35 proventriculi samples sent for histopathological (HP) examination to the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine in Olsztyn between 2017 and 2019. After HP examination, TVP positive samples were processed for CPNV identification by RT-PCR. TVP was the most common pathological condition of proventriculi (23 cases). CPNV was identified in 10 out of those 23 cases. The average HP score, and the average necrosis and infiltration score for CPNV-positive samples was significantly higher than in CPNV-negative ones. The average age of the CPNV-positive chickens was significantly lower than in CPNV-negative birds.
Our study confirms the role of CPNV in TVP pathogenesis and it seems that preservation of the proventriculi in the early stages of the disease, when the lesions are more pronounced, should result in a greater probability of CPNV detection.
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Bibliography


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Authors and Affiliations

M. Śmiałek
1
M. Gesek
2
D. Dziewulska
1
A. Koncicki
1
  1. Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, Oczapowskiego 13, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
  2. Department of Pathological Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, Oczapowskiego 13, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland

Effect of fungal solid-state fermented product enriched with gamma-linolenic acid and ß-carotene on blood biochemistry and immunology of broiler chickens

M. Bartkovský D. Mudroňová D. Marcinčáková T. Klempová E. Sesztáková I. Maskaľová V. Karaffová I. Jaďuttová M. Čertík M. Hudák S. Marcinčák
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences | 2020 | vol. 23 | No 2 | 247-254 | DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2020.133639
Keywords broiler chicken lipids immunology fermented product blood chemistry
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Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the addition of fungal solid-state fermented product (FP) enriched with gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) and β-carotene to feed on the haematological and immunological parameters of broiler chickens. Eighty 1-day-old COBB 500 broiler chickens were divided into two groups. The control group was fed with basic diets and chickens of the experimental group received 10% addition of FP, while the amount of basic diet was reduced. FP was produced during a solid-state fermentation (SSF) process using Umbellopsis isabellina CCF2412 as a producer of GLA and β-carotene. After 38 days of feeding, blood samples were collected and analyzed. Lower total and LDL-cholesterol values were measured in blood samples of the experimental animals (p<0.05). However, the triacylglycerol content was higher in the experimental group (p<0.05). Significantly higher levels of hematocrit and hemoglobin, and lower eosinophil and basophil content in the experimental group were recorded (p<0.05). The experimental group showed higher numbers of B lymphocytes and greater phagocytic capacity (p<0.05). The results indicate that a fermented product produced by SSF, using the fungal strain Umbellopsis isabellina, is a good source of GLA and β-carotene, which can influence the biochemical, hematological and immunological parameters of broiler chickens.

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Authors and Affiliations

M. Bartkovský
D. Mudroňová
D. Marcinčáková
T. Klempová
E. Sesztáková
I. Maskaľová
V. Karaffová
I. Jaďuttová
M. Čertík
M. Hudák
S. Marcinčák

S1 gene based phylogeny of Israel variant-2 infectious bronchitis virus isolated in Turkey in a five year period

İ.B. Müştak H.K. Müştak N. Bilgen
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences | 2022 | vol. 25 | No 1 | 45-50 | DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2022.140839
Keywords broilers genotyping infectious bronchitis virus molecular epidemiology Israel variant 2
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Abstract

Infectious bronchitis (IB) is an important disease that causes severe economic loses in the poultry industry worldwide. Furthermore, the spread of new variants poses a challenge for diagnosis and control of the disease. This study investigated the situation of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), specifically the Israel variant-2 (IS var-2) also known as GI-23 genotype, in Turkey. Between 2014 and 2019, 214 flocks vaccinated against H120 from Marmara, Western Black Sea, and Inner Anatolia were examined, with 127 (59.3%) flocks testing positive for IBV, of which 92 (72.4%) were positive for IS var-2. Of the latter samples, 60 were randomly selected and subjected to full S1 gene sequencing. The analysis indicated that the field strain in Turkey was located on the same branch as the GI-23 genotype, which is one of the most frequently observed wild-type cluster found in the Middle East. The DNA similarities between the GI-23 isolates from 2014 to 2019 were 99%. In conclusion, the IS var-2 genotype has been circulating in broiler flocks in Turkey. It is recommended that establishing the vaccine strategy it should be considered the current circulating strains for the prevention and control of the disease among poultry.
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Authors and Affiliations

İ.B. Müştak
1
H.K. Müştak
1
N. Bilgen
2
  1. Ankara University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Microbiology, İrfan Baştuğ street, Dışkapı, Ankara, Turkey
  2. Ankara University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Genetics, İrfan Baştuğ street, Dışkapı, Ankara, Turkey

The incidence and associated risk factors affecting myopathies in broiler chickens in Lithuania

E. Lebednikaite L. Anskiene Z. Balciauskiene A. Pockevicius
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences | 2023 | vol. 26 | No 3 | 483–491 | DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2023.145057
Keywords broiler chicken deep pectoral myopathy dorsal cranial myopathy white stripes wooden breast
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Abstract

The objectives of this research were to highlight the main factors, which have relevant significance for etiology of myopathies and to assess the incidence of myopathies in a representative population of broilers raised in Lithuania. Eighteen flocks were evaluated to assess the incidence of musculus pectoralis major myopathies (PMM) (total 54,000 broilers) and dorsal cranial myopathy (DCM) (total 124,200 broilers). Thirteen flocks (total 19,500 broilers) were evaluated to find out deep pectoral myopathy (DPM) occurrence in Lithuania. Investigated parameters of each flock were: average broiler live body weight (BW) at slaughter, average slaughter age, treatment and seasons. A correlation analysis was used to measure the strength of the linear relationship between the investigated traits and incidence of these myopathies. Overall, the incidence of PMM in Lithuania was 18.19%. DCM and DPM were 5.16% and 0.27%, respectively. The percentage of PMM in flocks was strongly associated with average broiler live BW at slaughter (r=0.898, p<0.001) and age at slaughter (r=0.693, p<0.001). The percentage of PMM in flocks was negatively related with treatment of broilers (rs=-0.535, p<0.05). The percentage of DCM was positively associated with average broiler live BW at slaughter (r=0.537, p<0.05) and with seasons (rs=0.658, p<0.01). However, our study results revealed, that the analyzed parameters are not so important in DPM etiology. Furthermore, predisposing factors of PMM, DCM and DPM are different. These findings suggest that not only broiler’s heavy weight and age at slaughter could have influence for etiology of myopathies.
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Authors and Affiliations

E. Lebednikaite
1
L. Anskiene
2
Z. Balciauskiene
3
A. Pockevicius
1
  1. Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes 18, Kaunas, Lithuania
  2. Department of Animal Breeding, Faculty of Animal Science, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes 18, Kaunas, Lithuania
  3. Vilnius Department of the State Food and Veterinary Service, Konstitucijos 23b, Vilnius, Lithuania

Characterization of class 1, 2, 3 integrons, ESBL genes and antibiotic susceptibility of Salmonella serotypes from broiler and cattles in Turkey

O. Sahan Yapicier D. Ozturk
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences | 2022 | vol. 25 | No 2 | 345-355 | DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2022.141820
Keywords antibiotic susceptibility broiler cattle integrons β-lactamase MARI Salmonella tet genes
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Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella has been associated with the presence of integrons and many other resistance mechanisms contributing to the spread of antimicrobial-resistant genes within and between livestock and human populations. In this study, the presence of Salmonella serovars from broiler and cattle samples and their antimicrobial resistance, integrons, tet resistance, ESBL and resistance genes carriage were investigated. Total of 209 litter (broiler farms) and fecal samples (cattle farms) were examined by bacteriological procedures, susceptibilities against 18 antimicrobials and genes carriages were detected by singleplex and multiplex PCR. A total of 46/209 (22 %) Salmonella strains were isolated. Six different Salmonella serotypes from 46 Salmonella isolates were identified and the most common serotype was S. Infantis 38 (82.6%) from broiler litter; followed by S. Kitenge 3 (6.5 %) from fecal sample. The highest occurrence of resistance observed for penicilline (46/46, %100), lincomycin (43/46, 93.5%) and 42 isolates (43/46, 93.5%) exhibited MDR. The overall occurrence of class 1, 2 and 3 integrons carrying Salmonella in tested samples were 63.04% (29/46), 43.5% (20/46) and 84.8% (39/46) respectively. Out of the 27 isolates produced an ESBL, mostly CTX and TEM. On 46 Salmonella isolates, in 16 (34.8%) Tcr’ genes were determined. Genotypic and phenotipic detection of ESBL genes found within integrons from Salmonella isolates from different sources (broiler and cattle) can provide powerful information about health and economic risk associated with transferable multidrug resistance.
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Authors and Affiliations

O. Sahan Yapicier
1
D. Ozturk
2
  1. Republic of Turkey Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry Veterinary Control Central Research Institute, Bacteriological Diagnostic Laboratory, 06020, Ankara, Turkey
  2. Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Microbiology, 15030, Burdur, Turkey

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