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Abstract

The paper presents an algorithm and software for the optimal design of permanent magnet brushless DC motors. Such motors are powered by DC voltage sources via semiconductor switches connected to the motor phase belts. The software is adjusted to the design of motors with NdFeB high energy density magnets. An attention has been given to issues important in the design of the motors, i.e., permanent magnet selection, structure of magnetic circuit, and armature windings. Particularly, precision of calculation of the permanent magnet operating point, visualization of selection process of the winding belts, and magnetic circuit dimensioning have been investigated. The authors have been trying to make the equations more specific and accurate than those presented in the literature. The user software interface allows changes in the magnetic circuit dimensions, and in the winding parameters. It is possible to examine simultaneously the influence of these changes on the calculation results. The software operates both with standard and inverted (outer rotor) motor structure. To perform optimization, a non-deterministic method based on the evolution strategy (ž + λ) - ES has been used.
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Authors and Affiliations

Mirosław Dąbrowski
Andrzej Rudeński
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Abstract

In this paper the mathematical model of the brushless DC motor (BLDCM) with a double 3-phase stator winding is analysed. Both the 3-phase windings are mutually displaced by 30 electrical degree. Special care has been sacrificed to influence of higher harmonics of induced electromotive forces (EMF) on electromagnetic torque and zero sequence voltages that may be used for sensorless control. The mathematical model has been presented in natural variables and, after transformation to symmetrical components, in a vector form. This allows, from one side, for formulating the equivalent circuit suitable for circuit oriented simulators (e.g.: Spice, SimPowerSystems of Simulink) and, from the other point of view, for analysis of higher harmonics influence on control possibilities. These considerations have been illustrated with some results of four quadrant operation obtainded due to simulation at automatic control.

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Authors and Affiliations

Piotr Drozdowski
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Abstract

This paper takes a 50 kW interior permanent magnet brushless DC motor as an example, and explores the influence of the degree of stator slot skew on the overall motor magnetic density and air gap magnetic density; then reveals the influences of stator slot skewed structure on a series of key electromagnetic properties like no-load back electromotive force (B-EMF), cogging torque, electromagnetic torque, torque fluctuation, electromagnetic loss, input power, output power and operating efficiency. On this basis, a relatively best range of the skew degrees is obtained. The research work in this paper has direct reference value for the further improvement of design and manufacture, operation and maintenance, control and protection of such motors.
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Bibliography

[1] Zhang Chen, Principle and Application of Brushless DC Motor, China Machinery Industry Press, Beijing (1996).
[2] Tang Renyuan, Modern Permanent Magnet Motor Theory and Design, Mechanical Industry Press, Beijing (2005).
[3] LiWeiqi, LinRongwen, Tao Tao, Optimized design based on the air gap length of the built-in permanent magnet brushless DC motor, Electric Switchgear, vol. 58, no. 05, pp. 58–63 (2020).
[4] Parsa L., Hao L., Interior Permanent Magnet Motors with Reduced Torque Pulsation, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 602–609 (2008), DOI: 10.1109/TIE.2007.911953.
[5] Ren Dejiang, Huang Qu, Li Jianjun, Wu Ning, Cogging torque optimization analysis of built-in permanent magnet synchronous motor, Explosion-Proof Electric Machine, vol. 54, no. 4, pp. 4–7+43 (2019).
[6] Zhao W., Lipo T.A., Kwon B., Torque Pulsation Minimization in Spoke-type Interior Permanent Magnet Motors with Skewing and Sinusoidal Permanent Magnet Configurations, IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 51, no. 11, pp. 1–4 (2015), DOI: 10.1109/TMAG.2015.2442977.
[7] AimengW., Heming L.,Weifu L., Haisen Z., Influence of skewed and segmented magnet rotor on IPM machine performance and ripple torque for electric traction, IEEE International Electric Machines and Drives Conference, pp. 305–310 (2009), DOI: 10.1109/IEMDC.2009.5075222.
[8] Adrian Młot, Marcin Kowol, Janusz Kołodziej, Andrzej Lechowicz, Piotr Skrobotowicz, Analysis of IPM motor parameters in an 80-kW traction motor, Archives of Electrical Engineering, vol. 69, no. 2 (2020), DOI: 10.24425/aee.2020.133038.
[9] Yang Zhihao, Yang Mengxue, Wang Sinuo, Bao Xiaohua, The influence of stator skew on the performance of permanent magnet synchronous motors, Transactions of the Chinese Society of Electrical Engineering, vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 97–102 (2019).
[10] Wang Dongliang, Chen Wei, Discussion on the electromagnetic design of concentrated winding permanent magnet motor from the perspective of torque fluctuation, Electric Tool, vol. 4, pp. 15–17 (2017), DOI: 10.16629/j.cnki.1674-2796.2017.04.004.
[11] Xiaodong S., Zhou S., Long C., Zebin Y., Skew Angle Optimization Analysis of a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor for EVs, IEEE International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices (ASEMD), pp. 1–2 (2018), DOI: 10.1109/ASEMD.2018.8558826.
[12] Wang Changcheng, Guo Hui, Sun Pei, Liu Ningning,Wang Yansong, Qin Yifei, A method for reducing cogging torque of permanent magnet synchronous motors, Light Industry Machinery, vol. 36, no. 6, pp. 62–66 (2018).
[13] He Qiang, Magnetic field analysis and cogging torque study of brushless DC permanent magnet motors, Hefei University of Technology (2016).
[14] Hongwei Fang, Hongxu Chen, Analysis and reduction of the cogging torque of flux-modulated generator for wave energy conversion, Energy Procedia, vol. 158, pp. 327–332 (2019), DOI: 10.1016/j.egypro.2019.01.097.
[15] Fu Lixin et al., GB/T 1029-2005 Three-phase synchronous motor test method, China Standard Press, Beijing (2006).
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Authors and Affiliations

Xue-gui Gan
1
ORCID: ORCID
Zhen-nan Fan
1
ORCID: ORCID
Jing-can Li
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. The Key Laboratory of Fluid and Power Machinery, Ministry of Education, Xihua University, Chengdu, China
  2. State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
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Abstract

This paper presents an algorithm and optimization procedure for the optimization of the outer rotor structure of the brushless DC (BLDC) motor. The optimization software was developed in the Delphi Tiburón development environment. The optimization procedure is based on the salp swarm algorithm. The effectiveness of the developed optimization procedurewas compared with genetic algorithm and particle swarmoptimization algorithm. The mathematical model of the device includes the electromagnetic field equations taking into account the non-linearity of the ferromagnetic material, equations of external supply circuits and equations of mechanical motion. The external penalty function was introduced into the optimization algorithm to take into account the non-linear constraint function.
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Authors and Affiliations

Łukasz Knypiński
1
ORCID: ORCID
Ramesh Devarapalli
2
ORCID: ORCID
Yvonnick Le Menach
3
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Poznan University of Technology, Poland
  2. Department of EEE, Lendi Institute of Engineering and Technology, Vizianagaram, India
  3. Lille University, France

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