Hamburg with the quantity of about 18 mlns m2 is, alongside with Berlin and Munich, the biggest office centre in Germany. The large-scale planning and urban operations with the aim of location this function in the centre have been carried out since the beginning of the '60s. The policy of deployment the ofiice sites has beez modified since then, from isolating the monofunctional area of the Modernism's spirit, to multifunctional structures interplaying with the other sites when it comes to activities' potentiality with the expansion of the large-scale urban structures. Many recent realisations abound with significant buildings that bring the avant-garde approach to the idea of an office building. The high level of building technology and the importance of ecological aspects are the important distinction. The mentioned realizations has been noticed by the architectural critics and mentioned in professional press. The pride of place belongs to the works of BRT (Bothe-Richter-Teherani), that has created many innovatory office buildings.
Since the ’70 Vienna has taken up the political, economic and planning actions heading to make the city the significant European business centre. The mentioned above has been realised by development of the modern workplaces connected with generating, transforming, distributing and commercialising information, it is to say by developing the office and conferencing functions. The first was built the Uno-City, then it was recreated into the multifunctional business plot with the office function as the main, namely the Donau-City. With the business area of more than 11mln squaremetres, Vienna is the biggest centre of this type in the eastern part of the European Union, and within the limits of Donau-City there have been risen many interesting architectural objects. The six of them are presented in the article.
The purpose of this paper is to present and analyse the decision-making problem faced by a future house owner - selection of the optimal solution of building thermal insulation in relation to the selected criteria, both related to costs and future benefits. The problem of selecting the best solutions in the construction sector is widely discussed in the science literature. In this paper, the authors decided to solve the raised problem by using the Entropy method.
This paper presents new procedure modeling based on finite element method analysis of wood-framed timber structures. The fasteners linking boards of sheathing with the timber frame both modeled applying shell finite element, with individual material parameters, remain the main objective of this manuscript. Material parameters are obtained from experimental tests and numerical identification. The main objective of the paper is the elaboration of the numerical model with high precision of mapping, and, at the same time, diminishing the number of the unknown simplifying the process of the modeling of timber structures. The new presented method leads to a simplification of analysis of multistory wood-framed multifamily building structures.
The aim of this article is to identify opportunities for using synergies obtained by incorporation of the two methods of management: Lean Management and Agile Management on the example of the process of column concreting. Despite the seemingly contradictory assumptions the two concepts complement each other in analysed example. The strategy is based on using the idea of "one piece flow" in accordance with the Lean Management which led to a reduction of costs due to increased turnover of formwork. At the same time the success of the project resulted in a significant dependence on the ability to provide a rapid response to changing conditions during in the maturation of concrete (depending on weather conditions, which can be expected on the basis of projections having different reliability). The simultaneous use of Lean and Agile Management allowed to achieve positive results for different scenarios of environment impact on the analysed process.
The article presents the representative examples of modernist villas built as a part of patronage housing estates raised during the erection of the Central Industrial District. The author describes building’s functional solutions and their architectural shape and highlight their role in urban systems. Analysis of selected examples characterize mechanisms of creative processes as well as the associations which influenced their forming. The villas from the areas of the most important COP’s investments have similar ideological architectural workshop, despite differences in their formal appear. Their aesthetic, functional and esthetic attributes are part of a multi-dimensional architectural heritage of the Central Industrial District.
Coal is a naturally occurring solid fuel used, among others, for heating and for electricity production. Despite the development of the gas and heating network in our country, as well as the growing interest in the use of renewable energy sources, it still remains the most frequent fuel burned in local sources for the production of thermal energy. The article describes actual heating coal demand in the municipal and residential sector, with the distinction of different assortments, depending on the solid fuel heating source applied. Moreover, a subjective list of factors that have a key impact on the change in heating coal demand for this market was presented, taking the regulatory environment, global trends in housing heating and statistical surveys on the preferences for individual heat sources replacement into account. The confrontation of observed phenomena allowed for possible scenarios of changes in the demand for heating coal with the prospect until 2030, broken down into its individual assortments to be elaborated.
W pracy przedstawiono wybrane analizy oceny odporności dynamicznej zabudowy mieszkalnej i gospodarczej na wpływy eksploatacji górniczej w obszarze górniczym jednej z kopalń węgla kamiennego. Rozważania ograniczono do dynamicznych efektów związanych z powstawaniem wstrząsów górniczych generowanych podziemną eksploatacją surowca. W ramach pracy wykonano analizę sejsmiczności analizowanego obszaru z uwagi na wpływ rejestrowanych i prognozowanych drgań powierzchniowych na tradycyjną niską zabudowę murowaną. Wykonano modele symulacyjne zbudowane zgodnie z Metodą Elementów Skończonych oraz dobrano kryteria odporności dynamicznej. Kryteria odporności dynamicznej przyjęto zgodnie z obowiązującymi normami i zasadami projektowania budynków murowanych. Obliczenia przeprowadzono z wykorzystaniem metody spektrum odpowiedzi, która jest normową metodą projektowania obiektów poddanych wpływom wstrząsów górniczych. Takie podejście jest również zalecane przez większość polskich instrukcji i wytycznych dotyczących projektowania budynków w rejonach o sejsmiczności indukowanej działalnością wydobywczą. Efektem analiz było określenie wytężenia podstawowych elementów konstrukcyjnych w przyjętych modelach obliczeniowych. Wyniki analiz skoncentrowanych na wpływie wstrząsów górniczych na zabudowę powierzchniową i sieć infrastruktury technicznej oraz ich zabezpieczeniach w obszarze górniczym ZG Janina mogą być przydatne w kontekście możliwości dalszej eksploatacji pokładów węgla w kolejnych latach, z zachowaniem bezpieczeństwa powszechnego, ochrony obiektów budowlanych, w tym zapobiegania szkodom. Przedstawione w pracy wyniki stanowią również uzupełnienie tworzonej przez autorów od kilku lat bazy obiektów i modeli dynamicznych budowli poddanych wpływom wstrząsów górniczych.
The metropolis of Barcelona is one of the first ten Europe's urban agglomerations. The geographic and natural conditions of the city - located in area between the sea and the forested mountain ranges running parallel to the coast and divided by broad river valleys - have considerably influenced the formation of its hybrid urban structure. The heart of the agglomeration is still Barcelona, established by the Phoenicians in a natural port at the foot of the Montjiuc hill, growing together with its neighbouring towns for more than two thousand years now, incessantly filling one fragment of natural landscape after another with urban fabric. Monumental edifices and high-rise buildings erected in all historic periods have been inorming visitors of the power of teh city and the same time defining places which are important for its urban composition and status. Recent decades have brought no revolutionary changes in this trend. What was changed, though, are the architectural forms of those most emblematic structures in the scale of the metropolis.