This paper proves that the trend of development of modern transport in the world is to maximize the level of providing the personal use of electric vehicles. This mechanism would also partially solve the environmental problems of mankind. To implement this idea, some global automakers have announced the decision of the full transition of production to electric vehicles. At the same time, for effective functioning of the electric-vehicle market, adequate infrastructure needs to be created. There is a positive trend in the annual growth of the charging-station network in developed countries, that characterizes the charging-station market as dynamic and promising, but mostly chaotic and imbalanced at the regional level.
The main hypothesis of the research is about the independence between the level of electric-vehicle market development and networks of charging stations. The object of the study is the Washington (USA) electric-vehicle market, as it is the market segment with the highest development characteristics.
To test the hypothesis, the authors provided a multifactor analysis of the local electric-vehicle market and the existing charging infrastructure. A comprehensive analysis of the electric-vehicle market and the charging-station network in Washington (USA) was performed, and the market characteristics were defined accordingly: the degree of electric-vehicle spread in the regional localities; the level of charging-station-network coverage and concentration; the ratio of electric vehicles to charging stations.
Authors identified the tendency of the state location to innovations connected with electric vehicles. Clusterization and recommendations according to the level of development of the electric-vehicle market aimed to balance and grow the total electric-vehicle market and connected infrastructure.

Electric vehicles are predicted to blossom in Egypt in future years as an emerging technology in both the transportation and power sectors, contributing significantly to the decrease of fossil-fuel usage and CO2 emissions. As a result, to mitigate overloads of the vehicle energy demand on the nation’s electric grid, a solar PV system can be used to provide the electricity needs of an EV charging station. This objective of this paper is to present the design, simulation and economic analysis of a grid-connected solar-power system for an electric-charging station at a workplace in 6th October city, Egypt using PVSOL simulation tool to supply energy to the charging station and office-building appliances. The ideal orientation of the PV panels for maximum energy was determined using data from the photovoltaic geographical information system and predicted load- -profile patterns. The amount of electricity generated the efficiency of the PV power system, financial analysis in terms of investment costs and the return on assets, and the ability to reduce CO2 emissions are all estimated in this study. This system also evaluates annual energy predictions and is used for electric-vehicle charging, grid feeding, and appliance consumption. Due to the relatively high solar insolation in Egypt; PV production energy was 10,463 kWh per year and the annual yield is 1,786.69 kWh/kWp. Of the power from PV generation, 66% is utilized for charging the electric vehicle and 34% for electrical appliances. After applying the financial analysis for 20 years; the electricity production cost is 0.0032 $/kWh and the payback period for this proposed system is about five years. The annual energy costs after the installation of PV systems proposed system created a financial saving of 21%. The performance ratio of this system inverter is 84% and the monthly average of the electric vehicle SOC over a year doesn’t decrease out of 27% plus 5 tons of CO2 emissions per year were avoided. This research can be used as a recommendation for stakeholders who want to use this energy source for vehicle charging.

Transformer efficiency and regulation, are to be maintained at maximum and minimum respectively by optimal loading, control, and compensation. Charging of electric vehicles at random charging stations will result in uncertain loading on the distribution transformer. The efficiency reduces and regulation increases as a consequence of this loading. In this work, a novel optimization strategy is proposed to map electric vehicles to a charging station, that is optimal with respect to the physical distance, traveling time, charging cost, the effect on transformer efficiency and regulation. Consumer and utility factors are considered for mapping electric vehicles to charging stations. An Internet of Things platform is used to fetch the dynamic location of electric vehicles. The dynamic locations are fed to a binary optimization problem to find an optimal routing table that maps electric vehicles to a charging station. A comparative study is carried out, with and without optimization, to validate the proposed methodology.

This paper presents an analysis of electric vehicle charging station operation based on a dual active bridge topology. Two cases are considered: one with the use of a medium frequency planar transformer, the other with a conventional Litz winding transformer. An analysiswas performed using both solutions in order to compare the performance characteristics of the system for both cases and to present the differences between each transformer solution. The analysis was based on tests carried out on the full-scale model of an electric vehicle charging station, which is the result of the project "Electric vehicle charging system integrated with lighting infrastructure" realized by the Department of Drives and Electrical Machines, Lublin University of Technology. The results presented in the paper show that the conventional transformer used in the research achieved better results than the planar transformer. Based on the results obtained, the validity of using both solutions in electric vehicle charging stations was considered.

The integration of the internet of things (IoT) and cyber physical network into the battery charging station system is critical to the success and long-term viability of the vehicle to grid (V2G) trend for future automobiles in terms of environmental and energy sustainability. The goal of this article is to create a V2G battery charging station concept using the internet of things (IoT) and a cyber physical network system. The V2G charging station concept was developed with the idea that every charging electric vehicle (EV) can communicate and coordinate with the charging station's control center, which includes a cyber physical system that addresses privacy and security concerns. The communication protocol must also be considered by the charging station. The preliminary test has been taken into consideration. Normal hours (for case one), peak hours (for case two), and valley hours (for case three), respectively, were created as charging circumstances for EVs at charging stations. Simulations were run for each of the three case scenarios. Each EV's battery state of charge (SoC) is provided a 50 percent initial charge and user-defined SoC restrictions. The MATLAB/SIMULINK platform was used to run the case simulations. The grid frequency, charging station output power, and the EV's battery SoC were all observed during the 24- hour simulation. As a result, the developed V2G charging station concept can regulate its input and output power depending on the battery status of the EVs inside the charging station, as well as provide frequency regulation service to the grid while meeting the energy demand of EV customers.