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Effects of seminal plasma concentration on sperm motility and plasma and acrosome membrane integrity in chilled canine spermatozoa

C. Pan Y. Wu Q. Yang J. Ye
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences | 2018 | vol. 21 | No 1 | DOI: 10.24425/119031
Keywords seminal plasma chill canine sperm
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Authors and Affiliations

C. Pan
Y. Wu
Q. Yang
J. Ye

The Influence of Using Different Types of Risers or Chills on Shrinkage Production for Different Wall Thickness for Material EN-GJS-400-18LT

I. Vasková M. Hrubovčáková M. Conev
Archives of Foundry Engineering | 2017 | vol. 17 | No 2 | DOI: 10.1515/afe-2017-0064
Keywords Ductile iron Shrinkage cavity Riser Chill Ultrasound
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Abstract

In modern times, there are increasing requirements for products quality in every part of manufacturing industry and in foundry industry it

is not different. That is why a lot of foundries are researching, how to effectively produce castings with high quality. This article is dealing

with search of the influence of using different types of risers or chills on shrinkage cavity production in ductile iron castings. Differently

shaped risers were designed using the Wlodawer´s modulus method and test castings were poured with and without combination of chills.

Efficiency of used risers and chills was established by the area of created shrinkage cavity using the ultrasound nondestructive method.

There are introduced the production process of test castings and results of ultrasound nondestructive reflective method. The object of this

work is to determine an optimal type of riser or chill for given test casting in order to not use overrated risers and thus increase the cost

effectiveness of the ductile iron castings production.

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Authors and Affiliations

I. Vasková
M. Hrubovčáková
M. Conev

Summer 2009 thermal and bioclimatic conditions in Ebba Valley, central Spitsbergen

Ewa Bednorz Leszek Kolendowicz
Polish Polar Research | 2010 | No 4 | 327-348
Keywords Arctic Spitsbergen topoclimate bioclimate wind−chill
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Abstract

The thermal, anemometric and bioclimatic conditions on the topoclimatic scale were investigated in the summer season in the EbbaValley region in central Spitsbergen. Eight measurement sites, representing different ecosystems and different types of active surfaces typical of Spitsbergen, were chosen and automatic, hourly recorded, measurements were per− formed at the sites between 11 and 25 of July 2009. The analysis of the spatial distribution of the air temperature and thewind−chill temperature, both for the dayswith radiation and non−ra− diation weather, indicates that the most favorable regions in the interior of Spitsbergen are those situated in the shielded central parts of the valleys and in the lower parts of the slopes with southern exposure. The thermal and wind conditions are definitely less favorable at the tops of elevations and on the glacier. Large differences between the air temperature and the wind−chill temperature were noted, particularly during the unfavorable non−radiation weather, on the glacier and on open peaks due to a large horizontal and vertical wind−chill temperature gradient. The thermal inversions observed in the Ebba Valley in July 2009 were not of the typi− cal, glacier katabatic wind origin. They appeared during the western air circulation, which brings advection of cooled air from above the cold waters of Petunia Bay. The cold air pene− trates into the valley and pushes upwards themass of warmer air in the valley, creating a rather thin inversion layer, whose upper edge is marked with thin Stratus clouds.
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Authors and Affiliations

Ewa Bednorz
Leszek Kolendowicz

Remelting of Aluminum Scrap Into Billets Using Direct Chill Casting

Kardo Rajagukguk Suyitno Suyitno Harwin Saptoadi I. K. Indraswari Kusumaningtyas Budi Arifvianto Muslim Mahardika
Archives of Foundry Engineering | 2024 | vol. 24 | No 1 | 40-49 | DOI: 10.24425/afe.2024.149250
Keywords Direct chill casting Recycling aluminum scrap Microstructure Mechanical properties Macrosegregation
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Abstract

An as-cast aluminum billet with a diameter of 100 mm has been successfully prepared from aluminum scrap by using direct chill (DC) casting method. This study aims to investigate the microstructure and mechanical properties of such as-cast billets. Four locations along a cross-section of the as-cast billet radius were evaluated. The results show that the structures of the as-cast billet are a thin layer of coarse columnar grains at the solidified shell, feathery grains at the half radius of the billet, and coarse equiaxed grains at the billet center. The grain size tends to decrease from the center to the surface of the as-cast billet. The ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and the hardness values obtained from this research slightly increase from the center to the surface of the as-cast billet. The distribution of Mg, Fe, and Si elements over the cross-section of the as-cast billet is inhomogeneous. The segregation analysis shows that Si has negative segregation towards the surface, positive segregation at the middle, and negative segregation at the center of the as-cast billet. On the other hand, the Mg element is distributed uniformly in small quantities in the cross-section of the as-cast billet.
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Authors and Affiliations

Kardo Rajagukguk
1 2 4
ORCID: ORCID
Suyitno Suyitno
3 4
Harwin Saptoadi
1
I. K. Indraswari Kusumaningtyas
1
Budi Arifvianto
1 4
Muslim Mahardika
1 4
  1. Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Grafika 2, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
  2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sumatera (ITERA), Jl. Terusan Ryacudu, South Lampung, Lampung 35365, Indonesia
  3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Tidar, Jl. Kapten Suparman 39, North Magelang, 56116, Indonesia
  4. Center for Innovation of Medical Equipment and Devices (CIMEDs), Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Teknika Utara Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia

Influence of Type and Shape of the Chillon Solidification Process of Steel Casting

M. Jaromin R. Dojka J. Jezierski M. Dojka
Archives of Foundry Engineering | 2019 | vol. 19 | No 1 | 35-40 | DOI: 10.24425/afe.2018.125188
Keywords solidification process Crystallization process computer simulation steel castings chill
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Abstract

The article is a case study of the steel milling ring casting of about 6 tonnes net weight. The casting has been cast in the steel foundry the authors have been cooperating with. The aim was to analyse the influence of the shape of the chills and the material which was used to make them on the casting crystallization process. To optimally design the chills the set of the computer simulation has been carried out with 3 chills’ shape versions and 3 material’s versions and the results have been compared with the technology being in use (no chills). The proposed chills were of different thermal conductivity from low to high. Their shapes were obviously dependant on the adjacent casting surface geometry but were the result of the attempt to optimise their effect with the minimum weight, too. The chills working efficiency was analysed jointly with the previously designed top feeders system. The following parameters have been chosen to compare their effectiveness and the crystallization process: time to complete solidification and so-called fed volume describing the casting feeding efficiency. The computer simulations have been carried out with use of MagmaSoft v. 5.2 software. Finally, the optimisation has led to 15% better steel yield thanks to 60% top feeders weight reduction and 40% shorter solidification time. The steel ring cast with use of such technology fulfil all quality criteria.

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Authors and Affiliations

M. Jaromin
R. Dojka
J. Jezierski
M. Dojka

Germination biology and phenological development stages of false jagged-chickweed ( Lepyrodiclis holosteoides)

Mehdi Minbashi Moeini Eshagh Keshtkar Hamidreza Sasanfar Mohammad Ali Baghestani
Journal of Plant Protection Research | 2021 | vol. 61 | No 4 | 347-357 | DOI: 10.24425/jppr.2021.139243
Keywords chilling treatment GA3 growing degree days (GDD) KNO3 sowing depth
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Abstract

False jagged-chickweed ( Lepyrodiclis holosteoides (C.A. Mey.) Fenzl ex Fisch. & C.A. Mey.) is an invasive weed species distributed in many regions of Iran. Scientific knowledge about the biology and ecology of false jagged-chickweed is rare. In a series of laboratory experiments, the effect of chilling treatments, potassium nitrate (KNO3), gibberellic acid (GA3), concentrations, temperature regimes, and sowing depths on seed germination and breaking seed dormancy of false jagged-chickweed was studied. In two field experiments the phenology of false jagged-chickweed and winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum) was also compared. Chilling treatment for 15 days, a KNO3 concentration of 30 μmolar and a GA3 concentration of 144 μmolar increased germination percentage and germination rate. However, chilling treatment for 15 days did not increase germination rate as well as the KNO3 and GA3 treatments. A quadratic polynomial model predicted that the optimum temperature giving the maximum germination percentage was 22°C. Seedlings emerged in a range of sowing depths from 0 to 8 cm, while no seedling emergence occurred at sowing depths greater than 10 cm. Based on a Gaussian model, the optimum sowing depth was predicted to be 3.9 cm. False jagged-chickweed required higher growing degree days (GDD) for seedling emergence than winter wheat, while the flowering stage of false jagged-chickweed occurred earlier than winter wheat. Results achieved in the present study are of interest not only for studying other life cycle aspects of this species but also as basic information for developing management strategies.
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Authors and Affiliations

Mehdi Minbashi Moeini
1
Eshagh Keshtkar
2
Hamidreza Sasanfar
1
Mohammad Ali Baghestani
1
  1. Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
  2. Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

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