Filtration is one of the most efficient methods of removing Al2O3 inclusions from liquid steel. The efficiency of this process depends on the physicochemical parameters of liquid metal, inclusion and properties of the applied filters. The particles attracted during filtration undergo agglomeration, collisions and chemical reactions on the filter surface, with the emphasis on the mechanism of particle collisions and the role of material from which the filter was made. The aluminum oxide inclusions collide with the filter surface and as the growing process continues, the particles also collide with the previously adsorbed inclusions. At the interface of particle and filter the mixing of the metal bath is most intense, being a result of a sudden change of flow direction and breaking up the stream of liquid metal which is in a direct contact with material. The efficiency of filtration is defined not only by the behavior of individual particles but of all population. The simulations revealed that only a small fraction of these particles adheres directly to the filter material; most of them stick to the former ones. Attention should be also paid to the fact that some of the inclusions which contacted the filter walls do not form a permanent connection and are then entrained by metal. Authors solved the problem of agglomeration and collisions of Al2O3 inclusions with the ceramic surface of the filter with the PSG method, mainly used for the analysis of agglomeration of inclusions during steel refining in the ladle.
The article presents the results of experimental investigations of interactions between a deformable structure and a liquid. The investigations were performed on two prismatic tanks with elastically deformable top walls. During the investigations, different levels of tank filling with liquid were examined. The investigation of this phenomenon has direct reference to frequently recorded real events, such as collision of a tanker with another ship or a harbour berth, rapid braking of a road or rail tanker, etc. Recognition of this phenomenon is based on simultaneous measurements of the following parameters:
1. excited accelerations of the tank-liquid system,
2. elastic accelerations of top walls of the tank,
3. hydrodynamic pressures on the deformable top walls.
This paper presents an estimation method for the spatial pose and displacement parameters of multi-rod suspension mechanism, based on measurement results by using wire sensors. Some changes of position and orientation of the platform fixed to wheel knuckle cause corresponding changes of sensors’ cable lengths. The fixation points of the cable sensors are selected with the collision-free conditions taken into account. Numerical example deals with platform poses and positioning of the sensors that satisfy the measurement conditions.