Search results

Filters

  • Journals
  • Authors
  • Keywords
  • Date
  • Type

Search results

Number of results: 39
items per page: 25 50 75
Sort by:
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

This paper presents the numerical part of the research program on concrete-filled steel columns. Nonlinear, three dimensional FE analysis of axial compression, was conducted using the finite element program ABAQUS. The numerical results were validated through comparison with experimental data in terms of ultimate loading and deformation modes. Modeling related problems such as the definition of boundary conditions, imperfections, concrete-steel interaction, material representation and others are investigated using a comprehensive parametric study. The developed FE models will be used for an enhanced interpretation of experiments and for the predictive study of cases not included in the experimental testing.

Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

L. Kwaśniewski
E. Szmigiera
M. Siennicki
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

Field investigations concerning screw piles and columns have been carried out for the “Bearing capacity and work in the soil of screw piles” research project, financed by the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education – project No N N506 369234. The tests of three instrumented screw piles were conducted together with CPTU tests and measurements of pile installation parameters (especially torque). The objectives of field investigations and the entire research project include discovering how screw piles work in the soil, locating and describing the correlations between CPTU results and rotation resistance during pile auger installation and next establishing correlations between CPTU results, rotation resistance and the bearing capacity of this kind of piles. The paper describes the investigation procedure and the basic results of tests carried out in the first of a series of sites.

Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

A. Krasiński
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

Slender systems are mostly studied when Euler’s load or follower load is considered. The use of those types of external loads results in well-known divergence or flutter shape of the characteristic curve. In this study, one takes into account the specific load which allows one to obtain an interesting divergence – pseudo flutter shape of characteristic curves on the external load–vibration frequency plane. The curves can change inclination angle as well as one can observe the change in vibration modes along them. The shape of those curves depends not only on the parameters of the slender system but also on loading heads that induce the specific load. In this study, one considers the slender multimember system in which cracks are present and weaken the host structure. The results of theoretical as well as numerical simulations are focused on the influence of the parameters of the loading heads on vibrations, stability, and loading capacity of the investigated system as well as on the possibility of partial reduction of unwanted crack effect.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Krzysztof Sokół
1
ORCID: ORCID
Krzysztof Kuliński
2

  1. Department of Mechanics and Machine Design Foundations, Czestochowa University of Technology, Czestochowa, Poland
  2. Department of Civil Engineering, Czestochowa University of Technology, Czestochowa, Poland
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

The paper presents research results of bond tests in completely concrete encased steel Isection columns made of self-compacting concrete (SCC). The results of push-out tests obtained by elements made of SCC were compared with those elements, which were made of vibrated concrete. The influence of selected factors on resistance to the vertical shear was considered in this study. The analysis of research results shows that the resistance to the vertical shear between steel I-section and SCC concrete depends on distance between stirrups and concrete age. Shrinkage has important influence on interfacial bond forces. The test results were compared with a recommendations given in the Design code – Eurocode 4. This standard can be used only for composite elements made of lightweight and vibrated concrete. In the case of completely concrete encased I-section composite columns the shear resistance after 28 days and after concrete shrinkage was higher than design resistance strength given in the standard. This means that the design value of the shear strength given in the standard should be verified and checked, if it can be applied to elements made of SCC concrete. Further tests should be carried out to determine the value of shear resistance for such elements.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Magdalena Szadkowska
1
ORCID: ORCID
Elżbieta Szmigiera
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Al. Armii Ludowej 16, 00-637 Warsaw, Poland
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

The problem of setting out in civil engineering applications has been addressed in the literature for a long time. However, technological development has provided researchers with an opportunity of having other procedures in line with modern techniques in surveying sciences. One of the most important procedures in erecting steel structures, bridges, and precast columns of a building is the accurate placement of the anchorage system in concrete. The traditional method for staking out anchor bolts relies on sight rails, string lines, and tape measure. The precision of this art depends not only on the accuracy of observed offset distances during layout operations but also on the centerline of the anchoring template itself. Nowadays, the process of designing structures is executed using software that can perform a digital plan in CAD environment, where the coordinates of each anchor bolt can be defined. This research presents an accurate approach of positioning anchor bolts based on the second problem in surveying and total station. Error analysis and field application are described to evaluate the performance of the proposed method. However, the results indicate that the developed technique increases productivity, reduces the cost, and improves the positional accuracy.

Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

M. Habib
A. Malkawi
M. Awwad
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

Numerical analysis of robustness assessment of steel planar framed structures under sudden external column removal is presented. The analysis is based on the previous experimental and numerical analyzes conducted in the Ph.D. project.Advanced and validated finite element models of steel structures with bolted end plate joints were used using Abaqus software. Six different cases of analysis using flush and extended bolted end-plate joints were performed. The actual results of the axial forces and rotations of the joints, failure models, and other important factors about structure behaviour are presented. The clear division of the results obtained depended on the type of joint used in the structure. In the cases of application of extended end-plate joints in frame analysis, the required level of robustness was reached in all cases and stopping of collapse development was obtained. In all cases of frame analysis with flush end-plate joints, an insufficient level of robustness on progressive collapse was obtained and partial failures of the structures were reached. Due to the location of the external column, the catenary actions to mitigate progressive collapse were very limited.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Aleksander Kozlowski
1
ORCID: ORCID
Damian Kukla
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Rzeszów University of Technology, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Architecture, Poznanska 2, 35-084 Rzeszów
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

Experimental tests of steel unstiffened double side bolted end-plate joints have been presented. The main aim of the conducted tests was to check the behavior of joints in an accidental situation and possibility of creating secondary mechanism, i.e. catenary action in the scenario of column loss. Two types of end plate joints were tested: flush end-plate (FP) and extended end-plate (EP) with different thickness and different number of bolt rows in each. The tests were carried out on an isolated cross beam-column-beam type system until joint failure. During tests the available moment resistance and rotation capacity of bending joints and also values of tension forces in the beam were determined. The joints with extended end-plate have demonstrated higher bending and rotational capacity than flush end-plate. Significant deformation of column flanges, web and end plate were observed. The fracture of bolts was the failure mode of joints. Obtained results of axial force values in beam exceeded standard requirement what confirmed that the joints with unstiffened web column, flush or extended end-plate possess the ability of development the catenary action.

Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Aleksander Kozłowski
Damian Kukla
ORCID: ORCID
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

The column is one of the most significant structural elements, which is designed to support mainly the compressive load. Strengthening of existing reinforced concrete columns is required to enhance ductility and increase load capacity to sustain the overload as sometimes there may be a change in use. Ten rectangular concrete columns were constructed and tested. H/b ratio was kept constant and equals 6 for all columns The aim of this work is to study the behaviour and efficiency of RC columns strengthened with steel jackets subjected to axial load. An experimental study of the behaviour of ten strengthened concrete columns with slenderness ratio (t / b) equals 6 was carried out. Variables such as aspect ratio ( H / b), the volume of steel batten plates, and spacing of steel batten plates at centres ( S) were considered. The results showed that using this method of strengthening is very effective and an increase in the axial load capacity of the strengthened columns is obtained.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Abd Rahman Mujahid Ahmed Ghoneim
1
ORCID: ORCID
Mahmoud Ahmed Mohamed Mohamed
1
ORCID: ORCID
Kader Haridy
2
ORCID: ORCID
Hazem Ahmed
2
ORCID: ORCID
Mohmmad Pyram
2
ORCID: ORCID
Abdu Khalf
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Assiut University, Faculty of Engineering, Civil Engineering Department, Assiut, P.O. Box 71515, Egypt
  2. Al-Azhar University, Faculty of Engineering-Qena, Civil Engineering Department, 83513, Egypt
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

When a truck impacts on a reinforced concrete (RC) column such as a bridge pier at a high velocity, a large reaction force would generate which would damage the truck, hurt the passengers and destroy the column. Lightweight foams with excellent energy absorbing performance are often used as safeguard constructions to resist impact. The impact behavior can be divided into soft and hard impact. In the case of soft impact, the impacted structure deformation is predominant. In the paper, metallic foam safeguarded RC square columns impacted by a rigid block are simulated using the ABAQUS code software, and the influential characteristic of foam density on the peak impact force and ultimate energy absorption is focused on. The simulated results indicate that the foam safeguard constructions play remarkable role on impact resistance. It is exciting that there appears almost an identical critical foam density corresponding to the minimum peak force and the ultimate energy absorption, which is of great significance for engineering design of this type of safeguard constructions to resist impact.

Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Z.Y. Xie
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

The study investigates the axial load behaviour of concrete filled battened steel columns not covered by the design standards. A series of full scale tests on two I-sections connected together with intermediate batten plates and filled with concrete were carried out. The main parameters varied in the tests are length of the members and strength of the concrete filling. One bare steel member was also tested and results were compared with those filled with concrete. The tests results were illustrated by load-strain curves. The main objectives of these tests were twofold: first, to describe behaviour of new steel-concrete columns and second, to analyze the influence of slenderness on load-carrying capacity.

Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

M. Siennicki
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

Standard PN-EN 1992-1-1 for designing reinforced concrete structures gives a major priority to the issues relating to second-order effects, but presents in detail only two approximate calculation methods: the nominal stiffness method and the nominal curvature method. As regards the general method, only certain requirements and suggestions are provided. In typical situations, when the appropriate assumptions are satisfied, the approximate methods yield satisfactory results. However, in engineering practice one can come across several cases (e.g. very tall columns, columns with a cantilever for a gantry girder, and floor joists) in which the approximate methods will prove unreliable. This paper presents and discusses a procedural algorithm for analysing second-order effects using the general method. The algorithm is employed to perform exemplary calculations and their results are compared with the results yielded by the approximate methods commonly used by engineers. Moreover, areas in which the approximate methods can be unreliable are indicated. The analyses have confirmed the significant advantage of the general method over the approximate methods. Therefore it is worth popularizing this method, the more so that its calculation procedures can be to a large extent automated and dedicated computer programs can be developed.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Janusz Pędziwiatr
1
ORCID: ORCID
Michał Musiał
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Wybrzeże Stanisława Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

The proposition of a method to verify the punching resistance for very large supports based on the EN 1992-1-1 standard is described in this paper. The present standard guidelines for the calculation of the punching resistance for large supports are also summarised. The proposed direct method is compared with other standard methods using an example taken from design practice. This method consists of a direct check of the shear forces at specific locations of the control perimeter with the permissible shear force calculated from the EC2 standard. The method showed very good agreement with the experiment while remaining practical for applications. The method presented takes into account the actual distribution of shear forces in the vicinity of the support, taking into account the influence of non-uniform loads, irregular floor geometry, the concentration of internal forces at the corners of the support and the influence of the stiffness of the head used. The paper provides scientists, engineers, and designers new method (called the direct method) for estimation of the punching load-bearing capacity outside the shear cap.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Maciej Grabski
1
ORCID: ORCID
Andrzej Ambroziak
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Maciej Grabski Engineering, 94B/1 Leszczynowa Street, 80-175 Gdansk, Poland
  2. Gdansk University of Technology, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gabriela Narutowicza St. 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

Columns perform a fundamental function in structures and studies on their reliability significantly impact structural safety. While the resistance and reliability models of rectangular reinforced concrete columns are addressed by many researchers, not much work has been done on the topic of columns with a circular cross-section. In this paper, a reliability model of resistance for circular reinforced concrete columns is formulated. A procedure for the representation of behaviour for short circular reinforced concrete eccentrically loaded columns is developed. It enables the consideration of many parameters including diameter of the column, concrete compressive strength, steel yielding strength, modulus of elasticity of steel, number of rebars, size of reinforcement, and position of bars in the cross-section given by the initial angle of rotation for the reinforcement. The representative design cases are selected for the most common four compressive strengths of concrete and five different reinforcement ratios. In total one hundred design cases are investigated. Statistical parameters of resistance, coefficient of variation and bias factor, are determined using the developed procedure and Monte Carlo simulations. A total of 10,000 full interaction diagrams of force and bending moment are generated for each design case. In each of the design cases, the failure zones are determined and the statistical parameters of resistance are calculated. The results are summarized in a table, presented in the forms of three-dimensional plots, and discussed. The study is performed based on American statistical data, materials and design codes.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Tomasz A. Lutomirski
1
ORCID: ORCID
Marta Lutomirska
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. PhD., Gaz-System S.A., ul. Jana Kazimierza 578, 05-126 Nieporęt, Rembelszczyzna, Poland
  2. PhD., Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Al. Armii Ludowej 16, 00-637 Warsaw
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to investigate a structure’s response to blast loading when composite columns are used instead of conventional reinforced concrete (RC) cross sections and when a conventional structure is retrofitted with braces. The study includes conducting dynamic analyses on three different structures: a conventional reference RC structure, a modified structure utilizing composite columns, and a modified structure retrofitted with steel braces. The two modified structures were designed in order to investigate their performance when subjected to blast loading compared to the conventional design. During the dynamic analyses, the structures were exposed to simulated blast loads of multiple intensities using the finite-element modelling software, SeismoStruct. To evaluate their performance, the responses of the modified structures were analyzed and compared with the response of the conventional structure. It was concluded that both the structure with composite columns and the steel brace structure experienced less damage than the conventional model. The best performance was obtained through the steel brace structure.

Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Y.E. Ibrahim
M. Almustafa
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

In order to analyze the relationship between the configuration characteristics, variable mass permeability characteristics and the catastrophe mechanism of falling column process, The influence of the permeability was studied by diffraction instrument, And using the seepage test system of the fall column, The seepage instability process of variable mass broken rock mass is analyzed, The findings suggest that, The proportion of coarse particles accounted for 89.86%, Fine particles accounted for 10.14%, Broken rock particles is better, Low compression performance; The fall column, under strong hydrodynamic conditions, Due to its strong characteristics of migration and loss with water flow, It is easy to induce the subsidence column protrusion water disaster; As the ratio between coarse and fine aggregates increases, Porosity and permeability are both increased; When the axial displacement does not change, With the increasing circumference pressure, The permeability of the broken rock samples is decreasing; The fitting of the seepage velocity of the broken rock mass to the pore pressure gradient follows the Forchheimer relationship, The seepage of the broken rock mass belongs to the category of non-Darcy flow under the triaxial stress; The instability of the subsidence column fracture rock mass presents three seepage instability forms: initial seepage stage, seepage mutation stage and piping stage in different stages.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Jie Suo
1
ORCID: ORCID
Qirong Qin
1
ORCID: ORCID
Zhenhua Li
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. School of Geoscience and Technology, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China
  2. School of Energy Science and Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

Drilled displacement columns, constructed in the form of unreinforced or reinforced concrete elements, are currently a very commonly used method of improving soft subsoil, creating an alternative to more expensive pile foundations. A frequently used solution for improving soft soils of road or railway embankments is to design a regular pattern of columns of relatively small diameter. Columns along the perimeter of the improved area are reinforced with rigid steel profiles, while the internal ones are made as concrete elements. Column heads are usually covered with a load transfer platform (layer of compacted granular fill) which is additionally reinforced with geosynthetics.
The application of soil improvement with displacement columns is not always successful. It is due to the errors and shortcomings occurring at the design stage, including simplifications in modelling, to construction faults, which may include insufficient experience of contractors and/or improper supervision.
Referring to the real object that failed, the article provides the results of numerical parametric analyses taking into account the influence of the key design parameters such as: the stiffness of the load transfer layers, the amount and stiffness of the geosynthetic reinforcement as well as the column spacing. The article presents comparisons of numerical results obtained with the finite element analyses for various approaches to geometry modelling (axisymmetric, 2D and 3D). The simulations indicate that the use of the axisymmetric model of a single column in routine design may lead to the deformations exceeding the serviceability limit states.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Waldemar Szajna
1
ORCID: ORCID
Liudmyla Bondareva
2
ORCID: ORCID
Bartosz Szatanik
3
ORCID: ORCID

  1. University of Zielona Góra, Institute of Civil Engineering, Prof. Zygmunta Szafrana 1 Street, 65-516 Zielona Góra, Poland and TPA – Technical Research Institute, Parzniewska 8 Street, 05-800 Pruszków, Poland
  2. Kyiv National University of Construction and Architecture, 31 Povitroflotski avenue, 03037, Kyiv, Ukraine and TPA – Technical Research Institute, Parzniewska 8 Street, 05-800 Pruszków, Poland
  3. TPA – Technical Research Institute, Parzniewska 8 Street, 05-800 Pruszków, Poland and MSc., Eng., TPA – Technical Research Institute, Parzniewska 8 Street, 05-800 Pruszków, Poland
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

The growth in high-rise building construction has increased the need for hybrid reinforced concrete and steel structural systems. Columns in buildings are the most important elements because of their seismic resistance. Reinforced concrete (RC) columns and steel columns were used herein to form hybrid structural systems combining their distinct advantages. Eleven 3D building models subjected to earthquake excitation with reinforced concrete beams and slabs of 12 floors in height and with different distributions of mixed columns were analyzed by the SAP2000 software in order to investigate the most suitable distributions of a combination of reinforced concrete and steel columns. Top displacements and accelerations, base normal forces, base shear forces, and base bending moments were computed to evaluate the selected hybrid structural systems. The findings are helpful in evaluating the efficiency of the examined hybrid high-rise buildings in resisting earthquakes.

Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

D.P.N. Kontoni
A.A. Farghaly
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

In this work, sorption of chromium on granular ferric hydroxide (GFH) has been investigated using batch and column techniques. The adsorption behavior of Cr on GFH, depending on pH, contact lime and sorbent amount were studied. The equilibrium adsorption capacity of GFH for Cr was measured and cxtrapo latcd using Freundlich isotherms. Metal ions bounded lo the GFH could be recovered by alkaline solution, and the GFH can be recycled. The sorption capacity of GFH was 25.0 mg/g. The ion exchange of chromium on GFH follows pseudo-first-order kinetics. The intraparticlc diffusion of chromium on GFH presents the limiting rate. The results indicated practical value of this method for industry and also provide strong evidence to support the proposed thesis about the adsorption mechanism.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Bai Yuan
Bronisław Bartkiewicz
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

The study involved experimental work implemented from April 2014 until March 2017. Its purpose was to observe grape production quality parameters, such as yield, water productivity, berry size and bio-mass. Different irrigation methods, such as drip irrigation (DI), drip irrigation with plastic mulching (DIPM), drip irrigation with organic mulching (DIOM), subsur-face irrigation with stone column (SISC), subsurface irrigation with mud pot (SIMP), and subsurface irrigation with plastic bottles (SIPB) have been used during the experimental work. The crop has been irrigated following the CROPWAT-8.0 model developed by the FAO. Climate parameters are obtained from the automatic weather station located near the experi-mental field. Based on experimental results and analyses, it has been observed that the drip irrigation with the plastic mulching method is the best for irrigation in terms of the grape yield comparing with all other methods due to its highest productivity of 35–40%. Subsurface irrigation with the plastic bottle method is found to be suitable as it gives 20% higher yield than the traditional drip irrigation method. The SIPB method shows the cost-benefit ratio of 112.3, whereas the DIPM method had the ratio of 36.6. Based on the cost-benefit analysis, it is concluded that the SIPB method is economically more viable as compared with all other methods. Hence, based on the findings, it is recommended to use drip irrigation with a plastic mulch-ing and drip irrigation with a plastic bottle as the best options to achieve grape productivity while using minimum water.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Sharad J. Kadbhane
1
ORCID: ORCID
Vivek L. Manekar
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Savitribai Phule Pune University, NDMVPS KBT College of Engineering, Nashik, Udoji Maratha Boarding Campus, 422013, Nashik, India
  2. Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat, Gujarat, India
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

The paper presents different approaches to the proper and accurate production and modelling (multi- phase reaction) of CaCO3 formation in the most popular, different types of reactors, i.e. continuous reactor (STR – stirred tank reactors, MSMPR – mixed suspension, mixed product removal; tube reactor), a bubble column reactor and a thin film reactor.
Many different methods of calcium carbonate production and their effect on the various characteristics of the product have been presented and discussed. One of the most important, from the point of view of practical applications, is the morphology and size of the produced particles as well as their agglomerates and size distribution. The size of the obtained CaCO3 particles and their agglomerates can vary from nanometers to micrometers. It depends on many factors but the most important are the conditions calcium carbonate precipitation and then stored.
The experimental research was strongly aided by theoretical considerations on the correct description of the process of calcium carbonate precipitation. More than once, the correct modelling of a specific process contributed to the explanation of the phenomena observed during the experiment (i.e. formation of polyforms, intermediate products, etc.).
Moreover, different methods and approaches to the accurate description of crystallization processes as well as main CFD problems has been widely reviewed. It can be used as a basic material to formulation and implementation of new, accurate models describing not only multiphase crystallization processes s taking place in different chemical reactors.
Go to article

Bibliography

Auone A., Ramshaw C., 1999. Process intensification: Heat and mass transfer characteristics of liquid films on rotating discs. Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 42, 2543-2556. DOI: 10.1016/S0017-9310(98)00336-6.
Baldyga J., Bourne J.R., 1984a. A fluid mechanical approach to turbulent mixing and chemical reaction. Part I: Inadequacies of available methods. Chem. Eng. Commun., 28, 231–241. DOI: 10.1080/00986448408940135.
Baldyga J., Bourne J.R., 1984b. A fluid mechanical approach to turbulent mixing and chemical reaction. Part II: Mi- cromixing in the light of turbulence theory. Chem. Eng. Commun., 28, 243–258. DOI: 10.1080/00986448408940136.
Baldyga J., Bourne J.R., 1984c. A fluid mechanical approach to turbulent mixing and chemical reaction. Part III: Computational and experimental results for the new micromixing model. Chem. Eng. Commun., 28, 259–281. DOI: 10.1080/00986448408940137.
Baldyga J., Podgorska W., Pohorecki R., 1995. Mixing-precipitation model with application to double feed semibatch precipitation . Chem. Eng. Sci., 50, 1281–1300. DOI: 10.1016/0009-2509(95)98841-2.
Bandyopadhyaya R., Kumar R., Gandhi K.S., 2001. Modelling of CaCO3 nanoparticle formation during overbasing of lubricating oil additive. Langmuir, 17, 1015–1029. DOI: 10.1021/la000023r.
Bao W., Li H., Zhang Y., 2009. Preparation of monodispersed aragonite microspheres via a carbonation crystal- lization pathway. Cryst. Res. Technol., 44, 395–401. DOI: 10.1002/crat.200800065.
Boodhoo K.V.K., Jachuck R.J.J., 2000. Process intensification: Spinning disc reactor for condensation polymeriza- tion. Green Chem., 2, 235–244. DOI: 10.1039/b002667k.
Burns J.R., Jachuck R.J.J., 2005. Monitoring of CaCO3 production on a spinning disc reactor using conductivity measurements. AIChE J., 51, 1497–1507. DOI: 10.1002/aic.10414.
Cafiero L.M., Baffi G., Chianese A., Jachuck R.J.J., 2002. Process intensification: precipitation of barium sulfate using a spinning disk reactor. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 41, 5240–5246. DOI: 10.1021/ie010654w.
Chakraborty D., Bhatia S.K., 1996. Formation and aggregation of polymorphs in continuous precipitation. 2. Kinetics of CaCO3 precipitation. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 35, 1995–2006. DOI: 10.1021/ie950402t.
Chen J.F., Wang Y.H., Guo F., Wang X.M., Zheng, Ch., 2000. Synthesis of nanoparticles with novel technology: High-gravity reactive precipitation. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 39, 948–954. DOI: 10.1021/ie990549a.
Chen P.-C., Tai C.Y., Lee K.C., 1997. Morphology and growth rate of calcium carbonate crystals in a gas-liquid-solid reactive crystallizer. Chem. Eng. Sci., 52, 4171–4177. DOI: 10.1016/S0009-2509(97)00259-5.
Cheng B., Lei M., Yu J., Zhao X., 2004. Preparation of monodispersed cubic calcium carbonate particles via precipitation reaction. Materials Lett., 58, 1565–1570. DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2003.10.027.
Colfen H., Antonietti M., 2005. Mesocrystals: Inorganic superstructures made by highly parallel crystallization and controlled alignment. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 44, 5576–5591. DOI: 10.1002/anie.200500496.
Collier A.P., Hounslow M.J., 1999. Growth and aggregation rates for calcite and calcium oxalate monohydrate. AIChE J., 45, 2298–2305. DOI: 10.1002/aic.690451105.
Czaplicka N., Konopacka-Łyskawa D., 2019. The overview of reactors used for the production of precipitated tion route. Aparatura Badawcza i Dydaktyczna, 24(1), 83–90.
Dindore V.Y., Brilman D.W.F., Versteeg G.F., 2005. Hollow fiber membrane contactor as a gas–liquid model contactor. Chem. Eng. Sci., 60, 467–479. DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2004.07.129.
Ding L., Wu B., Luo P. 2018. Preparation of CaCO3 nanoparticles in a surface-aerated tank stirred by a long-short blades agitator. Powder Technol., 333, 339–346. DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2018.04.057.
Eek R.A., Dijkstra S., Van Rosmalen G.M., 1995. Dynamic modeling of suspension crystallisers using experimental data. AIChE J., 41, 571–584. DOI: 10.1002/aic.690410315.
Feng B., Yonga A.K., Ana H., 2007. Effect of various factors on the particle size of calcium carbonate formed in a precipitation process. Mater. Sci. Eng., A, 445–446, 170–179. DOI: 10.1016/j.msea.2006.09.010.
Ferziger J.H., Perić, M., 1996. Computational methods for fluid dynamics, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany.
Gahn C., Mersmann A., 1999. Brittle fracture in crystallization processes. Part A. Attrition and abrasion of brittle solids. Chem. Eng. Sci., 54, 1273–1282. DOI: 10.1016/S0009-2509(98)00450-3.
Garside J., Davey R.J., 1980. Invited review secondary contact nucleation: kinetics, growth and scale-up. Chem. Eng. Commun., 4, 393–424. DOI: 10.1080/00986448008935918.
Grimes C.J., Hardcastle T., Manga M.S., Mahmud T., York D.W., 2020. Calcium carbonate particle formation through precipitation in a stagnant bubble and a bubble column reactor. Cryst. Growth Des., 20, 5572–5582. DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.0c00741.
Hill P.J., Ng K.M., 1995. New discretization procedure for the breakage equation. AIChE J., 41, 1204–1217. DOI: 10.1002/aic.690410516.
Hindmarsh A.C., 1983. ODEPACK, A Systematized collection of ODE solvers, In: Stepleman R.S., Carver M., Peskin R., Ames W.F., Vichnevetsky R. (Eds.). Scientific Computing, North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1983, 55–64.
Hostomsky J., Jones A.G., 1991. Calcium carbonate crystallization, agglomeration and form during continuous precipitation from solution. J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 24, 165–170. DOI: 10.1088/0022-3727/24/2/012.
Hounslow M.J., 1990. A discretized population balance for continuous systems at steady state. AIChE J., 36, 106–116. DOI: 10.1002/aic.690360113.
Hounslow M.J.; Ryall R.L., Marshall V.R., 1988. A discretized population balance for nucleation, growth, and aggregation. AIChE J., 34, 1821–1832. DOI: 10.1002/aic.690341108.
Hounslow M.J., Mumtaz H.S., Collier A.P., Barrick J.P., Bramley A.S., 2001. A micro mechanical model for the rate of aggregation during precipitation from solution. Chem. Eng. Sci., 56, 2543–2552. DOI: 10.1016/S0009- 2509(00)00436-X.
Hulburt H.M., Katz S., 1964. Some problems in particle technology – statistical mechanical formulation. Chem. Eng. Sci., 19, 555–574. DOI: 10.1016/0009-2509(64)85047-8.
Jones A.G., Rigopoulos S., Zauner R., 2005. Crystallization and precipitation engineering. Comput. Chem. Eng., 29, 1159-1166. DOI: 10.1016/j.compchemeng.2005.02.022.
Judat B., Kind M., 2004. Morphology and internal structure of barium sulfate – derivation of a new growth mechanism. J. Colloid Interface Sci., 269, 341–353. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2003.07.047.
Jung T., Kim W.S., Choi Ch.K., 2004. Effect of nonstoichiometry on reaction crystallization of calcium carbonate in a Couette−Taylor reactor. Cryst. Growth Des, 4, 491–495. DOI: 10.1021/cg034240c.
Jung T., Kim W.S., Choi Ch.K., 2005. Effect of monovalent salts on morphology of calcium carbonate crystallized in Couette-Taylor reactor. Cryst. Res. Technol., 40, 586–592. DOI: 10.1002/crat.200410387.
Jung W.M., Kang S.H., Kim W.S., Choi C.K., 2000. Particle morphology of calcium carbonate precipitated by gas- liquid reaction in a Couette-Taylor reactor. Chem. Eng. Sci., 55, 733–747. DOI: 10.1016/S0009-2509(99)00395-4.
Kang S.H., Lee S.G., Jung W.M., Kim M.C., Kim W.S., Choi C.K., Feigelson R.S., 2003. Effect of Taylor vortices on calcium carbonate crystallization by gas–liquid reaction. J. Cryst. Growth, 254, 196–205. DOI: 10.1016/S0022- 0248(03)01152-7.
Kangwook L., Jay H.L., Dae R.Y., Mahoney A.W., 2002. Integrated run-to-run and on line model-based con- trol of particle size distribution for a semi-batch precipitation reactor. Comput. Chem. Eng., 26, 1117–1131. DOI: 10.1016/S0098-1354(02)00030-3.
Kakaraniya S., Gupta A., Mehra A., 2007. Reactive precipitation in gas-slurry systems: The CO2 – Ca(OH)2 – CaCO3 System. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 46, 3170–3179. DOI: 10.1021/ie060732l.
Kataki, Y., Tsuge H., 1990. Reactive crystallization of calcium carbonate by gas–liquid and liquid–liquid reactions. Can. J. Chem. Eng., 68, 435–442. DOI: 10.1002/cjce.5450680313.
Kędra-Królik K., Gierycz P., 2006. Obtaining calcium carbonate in a multiphase system by the use of new rotating disc precipitation reactor. J. Therm. Anal. Calorim., 83, 579–582. DOI: 10.1007/s10973-005-7416-y.
Kędra-Królik K., Gierycz P., 2009. Precipitation of nanostructured calcite in a controlled multiphase process. J. Cryst. Growth, 311, 3674–3681. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2009.05.017.
Kędra-Królik K., Gierycz P., 2010. Simulation of nucleation and growing of CaCO3 nanoparticles obtained in the rotating disk reactor. J. Cryst. Growth, 312, 1945–1952. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2010.02.036.
Kim W.S., 2014. Application of Taylor vortex to crystallization. J. Chem. Eng. Jpn, 47, 115–123. DOI: 10.1252/jcej.13we143.
Kitano Y., Park K., Hood D.W., 1962. Pure aragonite synthesis. J. Geophys. Res., 67, 4873–4874. DOI: 10.1029/JZ067i012p04873.
Konopacka-Łyskawa D., Cisiak Z., Kawalec-Pietrenko B., 2009. Effect of liquid circulation in the draft-tube reactor on precipitation of calcium carbonate via carbonation. Powder Technol., 190, 319–323. DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2008.08.014.
Kramer H.J.M., Dijkstra J.W., Verheijen P.J.T., Van Rosmalen G.M., 2000. Modeling of industrial crystallizers for control and design purposes. Powder Technol., 108, 185–191. DOI: 10.1016/S0032-5910(99)00219-3.
Kulikov V., Briesen H., Marquardt W. 2005. Scale integration for the coupled simulation of crystallization and fluid dynamics. Chem. Eng. Res. Des., 83, 706–717. DOI: 10.1205/cherd.04363.
Kumar S., Ramkrishna D., 1996. On the solution of population balance equations by discretization – II. A moving pivot technique. Chem. Eng. Sci., 51, 1333–1342. DOI: 10.1016/0009-2509(95)00355-X.
Lim S.T. 1980. Hydrodynamics and mass transfer processes associated with the absorption of oxygen in liquid films flowing across a rotating disc. PhD Thesis. University of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK.
Majerczak K., Gierycz P., 2016. Analysis and simulation of monodispersed, nanostructured calcite obtained in a controlled multiphase process. Nanomater. Nanotechnol., 6, DOI: 10.1177/1847980416675127.
Malkaj P., Chrissanthopoulos A., Dalas E., 2004. Understanding nucleation of calcium carbonate on gallium oxide using computer simulation. J. Cryst. Growth, 264, 430–437. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2004.01.005.
Marchisio D.L., Vigil R.D., Fox R.O., 2003. Implementation of quadrature method of moments in CFD codes for aggregation-breakage problems. Chem. Eng. Sci., 58, 3337–3351. DOI: 10.1016/S0009-2509(03)00211-2.
Montes-Hernandez G., Renard F., Geoffroy N., Charlet L., Pironon J., 2007. Calcite precipitation from CO2–H2O– Ca(OH)2 slurry under high pressure of CO2. J. Cryst. Growth, 308, 228–236. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2007.08.005.
Moore S.R., 1986. Mass transfer into thin liquid films with and without chemical reaction. PhD Thesis. University of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK.
Mullin J.W., 2001. Crystallization. Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, UK.
Myerson A.S, 1999. Molecular modelling applications in crystallization. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
Nancollas G.H., Reddy M.M., 1971. The crystallization of calcium carbonate. II. Calcite growth mechanism. J. Colloid Interface Sci., 37, 824–830. DOI: 10.1016/0021-9797(71)90363-8.
Nicmanis N., Hounslow M.J., 1998. Finite-element methods for steady-state population balance equations. AIChE J., 44, 2258–2272. DOI: 10.1002/aic.690441015.
Popescu M.-A., Isopescu R., Matei C., Fagarasan G., Plesu V., 2014. Thermal decomposition of calcium carbonate polymorphs precipitated in the presence of ammonia and alkylamines. Adv. Powder Technol., 25, 500-507. DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2013.08.003.
Prasher C.L., 1987. Crushing and grinding process handbook. Wiley, New York, US.
Quigley D., Roger P.M., 2008. Free energy and structure of calcium carbonate nanoparticles during early stages of crystallization. J. Chem. Phys., 128, 2211011–2211014. DOI: 10.1063/1.2940322.
Ramkrishna D., 2000. Population balances. Theory and applications to particulate systems in engineering. Academic Press, San Diego, US.
Randolph A.D., Larson, M.A., 1988. Theory of particulate processes, Academic Press, New York, US.
Reddy M.M., Nancollas G.H., 1976. The crystallization of calcium carbonate: IV. The effect of magnesium, strontium and sulfate ions. J. Cryst. Growth, 35, 33–38. DOI: 10.1016/0022-0248(76)90240-2.
Rielly C.D., Marquis A.J., 2001. A particle’s eye view of crystallizer fluid mechanics. Chem. Eng. Sci., 56, 2475– 2493. DOI: 10.1016/S0009-2509(00)00457-7.
Rigopoulos S., Jones A.G., 2001. Dynamic modelling of a bubble column for particle formation via a gas-liquid reaction. Chem. Eng. Sci., 56, 6177–6183. DOI: 10.1016/S0009-2509(01)00259-7.
Rigopoulos S., Jones A.G., 2003a. Modeling of semibatch agglomerative gas–liquid precipitation of CaCO3 in a bubble column reactor. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 42, 6567–6575. DOI: 10.1021/ie020851a.
Rigopoulos S., Jones A.G., 2003b. Finite-element scheme for solution of the dynamic population balance. AIChE J., 49, 1127–1139. DOI: 10.1002/aic.690490507.
Sisoev G.M., Matar O.K., Lawrence C.J., 2003. Modelling of film flow over a spinning disk. J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol., 78, 151–155. DOI: 10.1002/jctb.717.
Sisoev G.M., Matar O.K., Lawrence C.J., 2006. The flow of thin liquid films over spinning discs . Can. J. Chem. Eng., 84, 625-642. DOI: 10.1002/cjce.5450840601.
Schlomach J., Quarch K., Kind M., 2006. Investigation of precipitation of calcium carbonate at high supersaturations. Chem. Eng. Technol., 29, 215-220. DOI: 10.1002/ceat.200500390.
Schwarz M.P., Turner W.J., 1988. Applicability of the standard k-ε turbulence model to gas-stirred baths. Appl. Math. Modell., 12, 273–279. DOI: 10.1016/0307-904X(88)90034-0.
Sha, Z., Palosaari, S., 2000. Mixing and crystallization in suspensions. Chem. Eng. Sci., 55, 1797–1806. DOI: 10.1016/S0009-2509(99)00458-3.
Sohnel O., Mullin J.W., 1982. Precipitation of calcium carbonate. J. Cryst. Growth, 60, 239–250. DOI: 10.1016/0022- 0248(82)90095-1.
Spanos N., Koutsoukos P.G., 1998. Kinetics of precipitation of calcium carbonate in alkaline pH at constant supersaturation. spontaneous and seeded growth. J. Phys. Chem. B, 102, 6679–6684. DOI: 10.1021/jp981171h.
Spiegelman M., 2004. Myths and methods in modeling. LDEO, Columbia University, New York, US.
Tai C.Y., Chen P.-C., Shih S-M., 1993. Size-dependent growth and contact nucleation of calcite crystals. AIChE J., 39, 1472–1482. DOI: 10.1002/aic.690390907.
Tai C.Y., Chen P.-C., 1995. Nucleation, agglomeration and crystal morphology of calcium carbonate. AIChE J., 41, 68–77. DOI: 10.1002/aic.690410108.
Tamura K., Tsuge H., 2006. Characteristic of multistage column crystallizer for gas-liquid reactive crystallization of calcium carbonate. Chem. Eng. Sci., 61, 5818–5826. DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2006.05.002.
Tobias J., Klein M.L., 1996. Molecular dynamics simulations of a calcium carbonate/calcium sulfonate reverse micelle. J. Phys. Chem. B, 100, 6637–6648. DOI: 10.1021/jp951260j.
Trippa G., Hetherington P., Jachuck R.J.J., 2002. Process intensification: Precipitation of calcium carbonate from the carbonation reaction of lime water using a spinning disc reactor. 15th International symposium on industrial 2002; Sorrento, Italy, 1053–1058.
Tsutsumi A., Nieh J.-Y., Fan L.-S., 1991. Role of the bubble wake in fine particle production of calcium carbonate in bubble column system. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 30, 2328–2333. DOI: 10.1021/ie00058a012.
Ukrainczyk M., Kontrec J., Babić-Ivancić V., Brecević L., Kralj D. 2007. Experimental design approach to calcium carbonate precipitation in a semicontinuous process. Powder Technol., 171, 192–199. DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2006.10.046.
Vacassy R., Lemaître J., Hofmann H., Gerlings J.H., 2000. Calcium carbonate precipitation using new segmented flow tubular reactor. AIChE J., 46, 1241–1252. DOI: 10.1002/aic.690460616.
Varma A., Morbidelli M., 1997. Mathematical methods in chemical engineering. Oxford University Press, New York, US.
Villermaux J., Falk L., 1994. A generalized mixing model for initial contacting of reactive fluids. Chem. Eng. Sci., 49, 5127–5140. DOI: 10.1016/0009-2509(94)00303-3.
Wachi S., Jones A.G., 1991. Mass transfer with chemical reaction and precipitation. Chem. Eng. Sci., 46, 1027–1033. DOI: 10.1016/0009-2509(91)85095-F.
Wan B., Ring T.A., 2006. Verification of SMOM and QMOM population balance modeling in CFD code us- ing analytical solutions for batch particulate processes. China Particuology, 4, 243–249. DOI: 10.1016/S1672- 2515(07)60268-1.
Wang T., Antonietti M., Colfen H., 2006. Calcite mesocrystals: “Morphing” crystals by a polyelectrolyte. Chem. Eur. J., 12, 5722–5730. DOI: 10.1002/chem.200501019.
Wei H.Y., Garside J., 1997. Application of CFD modelling to precipitation systems. Chem. Eng. Res. Des., 75, 219–227. DOI: 10.1205/026387697523471.
Wen Y., Xiang L., Jin Y., 2003. Synthesis of plate-like calcium carbonate via carbonation route. Mater. Lett., 57, 2565–2571. DOI: 10.1016/S0167-577X(02)01312-5.
Wojcik J., Jones A.G., 1998. Dynamics and stability of continuous MSMPR agglomerative precipitation: Numer- ical analysis of the dual particle coordinate model. Comput. Chem. Eng., 22, 535–545. DOI: 10.1016/S0098-1354(97)00239-1.
Wray J.L., Daniels F., 1957. Precipitation of calcite and aragonite. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 79, 2031–2034. DOI: 10.1021/ ja01566a001.
Wszelaka-Rylik M., Piotrowska K., Gierycz P., 2015. Simulation, aggregation and thermal analysis of nanos- tructured calcite obtained in a controlled multiphase process. J. Therm. Anal. Calorim., 119, 1323–1338. DOI: 10.1007/s10973-014-4217-1.
Wuklow M., Gerstlauer A., Nieken U., 2001. Modeling and simulation 1 of crystallization processes using parsival. Chem. Eng. Sci., 56, 2575–2588. DOI: 10.1016/S0009-2509(00)00432-2.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Paweł Gierycz
1
Artur Poświata
1

  1. Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering, ul. Waryńskiego 1, 00-645 Warsaw, Poland
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

' Savoir-vivre with a past', or an Etiquette Guide of the Age of Transformation according to Agnieszka Osiecka, was published in the illustrated weekly Przekrój in 1993–1994. This article analyzes the column's content in the context of contemporary social and cultural change, focusing on issues from a broad field of dos and don’ts that acquired unexpected visibility during the early years of the Transformation, and tries to find out what was Osiecka's treatment of individual cases says of her own views.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Anna Jawor
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Wydział Dziennikarstwa, Informacji i Bibliologii, Uniwersytet Warszawski, ul. Bednarska 2/4, PL 00-310 Warszawa
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

Steel prismatic elements of equal flanges double-tee section subject to major axis bending and compression, unrestrained in the out-of-plane direction between the supports, are vulnerable to buckling modes associated with minor axis flexural and torsional deformations. When end bending moments are acting alone on the quasi-straight member, the sensitivity to lateral-torsional buckling (LTB) is very much dependent upon the ratio of section minor axis to major axis moments of inertia, and additionally visibly dependent upon the major axis moment gradient ratio. In the case of major axis bending with the presence of a compressive axial force, even of rather small value in relation to the section squash resistance, there is a drastic reduction of structural elements in their realistic lengths to maintain a tendency to fail in the out-of-plane mode, governed by the large twist rotation. Increasing the load effects ratio of dimensionless axial force to dimensionless maximum major axis bending moment, the buckling mode goes away from that of lateral-torsional one, starting to become that closer to the minor axis flexural buckling (FBZ) mode. Different aspects of the flexural-torsional buckling (FTB) resistance of the typical rolled H-section beam-column with regard to the General Method (GM) formulation, developed by the authors elsewhere and based on the parametric finite element analysis, are dealt with in this paper. Investigations are concerned with different member slender ratio, different moment gradient ratios and different load effects ratio. Final conclusions are related to practical applications of the proposed format of General Method in relation to the effect of large displacements on the FTB resistance reduction factor described through the dimensionless measure of action effects and the FTB relative slenderness ratio of quasi-straight beam-columns.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Marian Antoni Giżejowski
1
Radosław Bronisław Szczerba
2
Zbigniew Stachura
2
Marcin Daniel Gajewski
2

  1. Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Al. Armii Ludowej 16, 00-637 Warsaw, Poland
  2. Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Al. Armii Ludowej 16, 00-637 Warsaw
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

Steel-glulam structure is a new type of composite structure,glulam have lateral support effect on steel plate, that can prevent premature buckling of steel plate and improve the stability of steel structure. In order to study the influence of column’s cross-section form on the seismic performance of steel-glulam composite beam-to-column exterior joint, the column’s cross-section form was taken as the basic variable (glulam rectangular section , H-beam section and H-beam-glulam rectangular section were used respectively). The pseudo-static tests of three composite beam-to-column joints were carried out to observe the different failure modes, and obtain the mechanical performance indexes. The experiment results demonstrated that: The energy dissipation capacity of beam-to-column exterior joint composed of glulam column was the worst, the ultimate bearing capacity and stiffness were the lowest. The ultimate bearing capacity of the exterior joints formed by the H-beam column and the H-beam-glulam composite column were both high, and their ductility coefficients were similar, while the former had better energy dissipation capacity.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Shaowei Duan
1
Xinglong Liu
2
Jian Yuan
1
Zhifeng Wang
1

  1. Central South University of Forestry and Technology, College of Civil Engineering, Changsha, Hunan, China
  2. Shenzhen Huayang International Design Group Co., Ltd. Changsha Branch, Changsha, Hunan, China
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

Jet grouting induces a complex interaction between soil and injected fluids, and thus the properties of columns are dictated by a combination of the two systems. Aiming to improve the efficiency of projects and optimize execution, past research has focused on the prediction of the column properties understanding the mechanisms underlaying treatment execution. For the complexity of phenomena and the uncertain determination of soil properties, the question can be only partially addressed on the theoretical level, being important answers left to the empiricism of field trials, i.e. full scale experiments carried out to test specific jet grouting solutions on specific sites. The present paper reports the results of a field experiment whose peculiarity consists in being conceived to investigate the role of technology on a wider spectrum. Single and double fluid injection systems with various parameters have been simultaneously performed on a subsoil characterized by in situ tests. Columns have then been discovered to measure their diameter and samples of cemented material have been cored and subjected to uniaxial compressive tests. Results are herein summarized and compared with literature solutions to point out strength and deficiencies of currently adopted conceptual models.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Lidia Wanik
1
ORCID: ORCID
Joanna Bzówka
2
ORCID: ORCID
Giuseppe Modoni
3
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Academy of Silesia, Faculty of Architecture, Civil Engineering and Applied Arts, Rolna 43, 40-555 Katowice, Poland
  2. The Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Akademicka 5, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
  3. University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Faculty of Engineering, via di Biasio 43, 03043 Cassino, Italy

This page uses 'cookies'. Learn more