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Number of results: 23
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Abstract

The paper deals with the problem of defi nite article in the Gothic Bible. More specifically, it concentrates on the differences and similarities of use between the target language, i.e. Gothic, and the source language, i.e. Greek, with special attention being paid to the case of the article – nominative, genitive, dative or accusative. It is part of a larger endeavor aiming at the analysis of the whole Gothic Bible in this respect. This time the Gospel of John is taken into consideration, following an earlier study which concentrated on the Gospel of Matthew. In the paper it will not only be observed how frequently Gothic omits the definite article in places where Greek uses it in the Gospel of John, but also in what way the cases of the definite article vary in both languages due to their grammatical specificities.

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Authors and Affiliations

Ireneusz Kida
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Abstract

The authors have collected an extensive file of peculiar multi-word units used by Poles living in the North‑eastern Kresy (Borderlands) region. An attempt is made to describe them in a formalized way, as presented by A. Bogusławski in his dictionary probes. The excerpt, however, is heterogeneous, excessively diverse in its formal, generic, functional and semantic terms, and requires the resolution of certain issues that concern not all the phrases, but those of particular generic groups. One such group is the comparative constructions lexicalized as X like Y. The article discusses the problem of the phrasematic status of comparisons, their characteristics in comparison with other groups of phrases and the difficulties faced by the researcher of Northern Kresy (Borderlands) comparative constructions. There is also a draft of several key word articles containing peculiar comparisons, e.g. ktoś kręci się jak wiewiórka w kole, ktoś pisze jak kura grzebie, coś potrzebne komuś jak kogutowi medalion, coś jest słabe jak wilcze oko.
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Authors and Affiliations

Jolanta Mędelska
1
ORCID: ORCID
Marek Marszałek
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Uniwersytet Kazimierza Wielkiego w Bydgoszczy
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Abstract

This paper presents the optimal PID tuning study to improve the dynamic performance of an automatic voltage regulation (AVR) system. The system under study consists of a synchronous generator whose reference voltage changes in a step function and tries to overcome the transient behavior of its terminal voltage smoothly. To optimally control the performance, different optimization techniques are applied to tune the controller gains to obtain the minimum steady state error (main objective) and better dynamic characteristics (rise time, settling time, max overshoot, etc.). Then the AVR system responses with a PID controller based on different optimization techniques are compared to find out which is the best technique.
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Bibliography

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[8] Mukherjee V., Ghoshal S.P., Intelligent particle swarm optimized fuzzy PID controller for AVR system, Electron. Power Syst. Res., vol. 77, no. 12, pp. 1689–1698 (2007).
[9] Sambariya D.K., Tripti Gupta, Optimal Design of PID Controller for an AVR System Using Flower Pollination Algorithm, Journal of Automation and Control, vol. 6, iss. 1, pp. 1–14 (2018).
[10] dos Santos Coelho L., Tuning of PID controller for an automatic regulator voltage system using chaotic optimization approach, Chaos, Solitons and Fractals, vol. 39, no. 4, pp. 1504–1514 (2009).
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[15] Chiroma H., Shuib N.L.M., Muaz S.A., Abubakar A.I., Ila L.B., Maitama J.Z., A review of the applications of bio-inspired flower pollination algorithm, Procedia Computer Science, vol. 62, pp. 435–441 (2015).
[16] Mihailo Micev, Martin Calasan, Diego Oliva, Fractional Order PID Controller Design for an AVR System Using Chaotic Yellow Saddle Goatfish Algorithm, Mathematics, vol. 8, no. 1182 (2020), DOI: 10.3390/math8071182.
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[19] Sambariya D.K., Gupta T., Optimal design of PID controller for an AVR system using monarch butterfly optimization, International Conference on Information, Communication, Instrumentation and Control (ICICIC), Indore, India, pp. 1-6 (2017).
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[22] Askarzadeh Alireza, Rashedi Esmat, Harmony Search Algorithm. Recent Developments in intelligent Nature-Inspired Computing (2017), DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-2322-2.ch001.
[23] Mohanty Pradeep, Sahu Binod, Panda Sidhartha, Kar Sanjeeb, Mishra Nandan, Performance Analysis and Design of Proportional Integral Derivative Controlled Automatic Voltage Regulator System Using Local Unimodal Sampling Optimization Technique, pp. 566–576 (2012), DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-35380-2_66.


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Authors and Affiliations

Haya Hesham
1
ORCID: ORCID
M. Ezzat
1
Rania A. Swief
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Electrical Power and Machines Department, Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shams University, 1 Elsarayat St., Abbaseya, 11517 Cairo, Egypt
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Abstract

In this contribution, a further parallel between the Akkadian and Egyptian literature is highlighted. The comparison between the lover and a wolf will be of crucial importance. The material consists of one Akkadian example and three Egyptian examples. The radius of the Egyptian formulation then expanded to include other examples.
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Authors and Affiliations

Stefan Bojowald
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. University of Bonn, Germany
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Abstract

The transfer function (TF) method is presently a well-known method used to detect various types of winding damage in power transformers. Although abundant research has been done on this subject using laboratory windings as test objects, it is hard to find one, whose test objects are actual large-power transformer windings. Hence, a 400 kV disc winding consisting of 86 discs is used in this paper to study turn-to-turn short circuit with the help of the TF method. To evaluate the effects of this type of fault on TF curves, some mathematical comparison algorithms are used in this research.

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Authors and Affiliations

Ebrahim Rahimpour
Stefan Tenbohlen
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Abstract

Theory and practice of environmental protection in the case of foundries in Europe and Asia

• Experience resulting from the cooperation with the foundries in a few European countries, China and India

• Phenomena and factors affecting the pollution of the natural environment and the implementation of measures aiming at the

environmental protection

Every specialist dealing with foundry processes and their impact on environmental pollution must have encountered in their professional

careers numerous situations in which the theory of environmental protection confronts the stark reality. The discrepancy between theory

and practice can particularly be noticed in foundry engineering in developing countries where the contrasts between different countries and

casting plants are extremely striking. The comparison of working conditions in European and Asian foundries provides a vast scope for

further observations and analyses. Environmental protection seems not only a concern of manufacturers of castings, but also of their

customers whose opinion exerts a significant influence on both the acceptability of working conditions and on the approach to

environmental pollution adopted in metal casting industry.

The article presents a number of examples of various outlooks on environmental issues in foundries manufacturing a wide range of cast

steel and cast iron castings, where different technologies and production processes are applied.

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Authors and Affiliations

M. Maj
J. Piekło
J. Werrtz
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Abstract

The techniques of photogrammetric reconstruction were compared to the laser scanning in the article. The different conditions and constraints were introduced for reconstructed images, e.g. different materials, lighting condition, camera resolution, number of images in the sequence or using a-pripori calibration. The authors compare the results of surface reconstruction using software tools avaliable for photogrammetric reconstruction. The analysis is preformed for the selected objects with regard to laserscanned models or mathematical models.

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Authors and Affiliations

Krzysztof Skabek
Agnieszka Tomaka
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Abstract

It is the objective of this paper to analyse selected English Renaissance translations of the Book of Psalms in the light of their reception. In particular, I intend to illustrate how a strong preference for a familiar rendition over a new one (regardless of its quality and status) showed itself in the textual composition of the most important book of the Anglican Church – the Book of Common Prayer. Discussion of the Psalm translation selected for the five successive versions of the Book of Common Prayer against the backdrop of the emergence of new renditions of the Psalms leads on to formulating a desideratum for sound methodology which would express the level of similarities between texts in mathematical terms and in this way objectivise assessments of Psalter renditions. The paper offers a preliminary attempt at such methodology by applying the cosine distance method. The obtained results need to be verified on a larger corpus of data, but they are promising enough to consider this method an important step towards assessing Psalm translations.
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Authors and Affiliations

Magdalena Charzyńska-Wójcik
1

  1. The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin
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Abstract

The paper compares the employment of the definite article in the Gothic version of the Gospel of Luke and in its Greek counterpart which served as the basis for the Gothic translation. Although the Gothic text is usually said to be a word-for-word reflection of the Greek text, we demonstrate that just like in the case of the Gospel of Matthew and the Gospel of John, which were of concern in our previous studies, there are enormous differences between the two languages especially in the domain of the definite article, not only in terms of amount but also in terms of the cases used – nominative, genitive, dative or accusative.
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Authors and Affiliations

Ireneusz Kida
1

  1. Institute of Linguistics University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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Abstract

The article is a presentation of the subject of a lawyer in the Russian literature of two eras – the second half of the nineteenth century and the beginning of the twenty-first century. The object of comparative analysis are two literary texts: the first is the story by Leo Tolstoy – “Father Sergius” (1911), the second is a novel by the modern Russian writer – Evgeny Vodolazkin, which entitled “Laurus” (2012). The author of the article concludes that the multifariousness of the life of lawyers in both writers underlines their life experience on the way to holiness. An important element of the characters’ description is their sinfulness, in particular the fi ght against their own pride and human passion. In the case of Leo Tolstoy, the image of his literary right-wing was influenced by the writer’s views on the essence of holiness and the complex human-God relationship. In their portraits of heroes striving for spiritual perfection, both Tolstoy and Vodolazkin show a connection with the genre of hagiography.

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Authors and Affiliations

Magdalena Wojciechowska
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Abstract

This study describes a newly developed index for predicting and forecasting the first (and potentially subsequent) timing of fungicide application against late blight in potato crops based on weather variables measured close to the crop. Inputs for index calculation were the following: daily minimum temperature, mean relative air humidity and daily precipitation. The decisive moment in the process of forecasting is the sum of daily index values for the previous 5 days. The index was tested in various localities of the Czech and the Slovak Republics for several years with a relatively high success rate exceeding the accuracy of previously applied strategies – NoBlight and negative prognosis. In comparison to the mentioned methods, the calculated index corresponded very well to long-term wet periods and indicated the first application date correctly. In years with no wet periods (in this case, 2015 and 2017), it allowed postponing the first application and reducing the number of required sprays during the growing season. The method does not depend on determining the emergence date, so it can be presented on the internet without cooperation with specific growers in a given locality, and thus supply information for a wider range of users. With knowledge about crop development and the degree of resistance to late blight of grown varieties, users can subsequently choose a specific fungicide and its application date.

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Authors and Affiliations

Tomas Litschmann
Ervin Hausvater
Petr Dolezal
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Abstract

The authors of this article were guided by the desire to show the profitability of using renewable energy sources and to facilitate decisions for future investors as to their choice. The article classifies energy sources and methods for converting renewable energy sources (RES) and presents a technical comparison of two electricity supply systems: a photovoltaic system and a household wind farm for a selected building. A residential, single-family building, inhabited by a family of three, was adopted for analysis. Photovoltaics, the use of solar radiation energy to produce electricity, is classified next to wind farms as the most dynamically developing renewable energy technology. When analysing in terms of technology renewable conversion methods that provide us with electricity, the better installation is the photovoltaic installation. By analysing the cost of renewable energy conversion technologies that provide us with electricity, the photovoltaic system becomes more beneficial, because with a similar investment price we get a much shorter payback period than in the case of a backyard wind power station.
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Authors and Affiliations

Wojciech Drozd
1
ORCID: ORCID
Marcin Kowalik
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Department of Construction Management, Tadeusz Kościuszko Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24 St., 31-155 Kraków, Poland
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Abstract

To study the difference in seismic vulnerability of multiple typical structures in multiple intensity zones, the seismic damage of 7099 buildings of Dujiangyan masonry structure (MS), reinforced concrete structure (RC) and bottom frame seismic wall masonry (BFM) in the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China is summarized and analysed. First, a statistical analysis of the data is carried out, the empirical seismic vulnerability matrix and model curves are established by considering the number of storeys, the age and the fortification factors.The vulnerability curves of the cumulative exceeding probability of the empirical seismic damage and the grade of the seismic damage in multiple intensity zones are shown. The mean damage index vulnerability matrix model is proposed and verified using the empirical seismic damage matrix of typical structures.

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Authors and Affiliations

S.Q. Li
T.L. Yu
Y.S. Chen
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Abstract

The aim of the study is to formally compare the explanatory power of Copula-GARCH and MGARCH models. The models are estimated for logarithmic daily rates of return of two exchange rates: EUR/PLN, USD/PLN and stock market indices: SP500, BUX. The analysis is performed within the Bayesian framework. The posterior model probabilities point to AR(1)-tSBEKK(1,1) for the exchange rates and VAR(1)-tCopula-GARCH(1,1) for the stock market indices, as the superior specifications. If the marginal sampling distributions are different in terms of tail thickness, the Copula-GARCH models have higher explanatory power than the MGARCH models.

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Authors and Affiliations

Justyna Mokrzycka

Abstract

In this study a cooling ejector cycle coupled to a compression heat pump is analyzed for simultaneous cooling and heating applications. In this work, the influence of the thermodynamic parameters and fluid nature on the performances of the hybrid system is studied. The results obtained show that this system presents interesting performances. The comparison of the system performances with hydrofluorocarbons (HFC) and natural fluids is made. The theoretical results show that the a low temperature refrigerant R32 gives the best performance.
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Abstract

Magnetic-geared permanent magnet (MGPM) electrical machine is a new type of machine by incorporating magnetic gear into PM electrical machine, and it may be in operation with low-speed, high-torque and direct-driven. In this paper, three types of MGPM machines are present, and a quantitative comparison among them is performed by finite element analysis (FEA). The magnetic field distribution, stable torque and back EMF are obtained at no-load. The results show that three types of MGPM machine are suitable for different application fields respectively according to their own advantages, such as high torque and back EMF, which form an important foundation for MGPM electrical machine research.
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Authors and Affiliations

Xiping Liu
Dong Chen
Liang Yi
Chao Zhang
Min Wang
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Abstract

The task of generating fast and accurate three-dimensional (3D) models of objects or scenes through a sequence of non-calibrated images is an active field of research. The recent development in algorithm optimization has resulted in many automatic solutions that can provide an accurate 3D model from texture-full objects. Structure-from-motion (SfM) is an image-based method that uses discriminative point-based feature identifier, such as SIFT, to locate feature points in the images. This method faces difficulties when presented with the objects made of homogenous or texture-less surfaces. To reconstruct such surfaces a well-known technique is to apply an artificial variety by covering the surface with a random texture pattern prior to the image capturing process. In this work, we designed three series of image patterns which are tested based on the contrast and density ratio which increases from the first to the last pattern within the same series. The performance of the patterns is evaluated by reconstructing the surface of a texture-less object and comparing it with the true data. Using the best-found patterns from the experiments, a 3D model of a Moai statue is reconstructed. The experimental results demonstrate that the density and structure of a pattern highly affects the quality of the reconstruction.

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Authors and Affiliations

Jahanzeb Hafeez
Hyoung-Joon Jeon
Alaric Hamacher
Soon-Chul Kwon
Seung-Hyun Lee
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Abstract

The phase jitter enables to assess quality of signals transmitted in a bi-directional, long-distance fibre optic

link dedicated for dissemination of the time and frequency signals. In the paper, we are considering

measurements of jitter using a phase detector the detected frequency signal and the reference signal are

supplied to. To cover the wideband jitter spectrum the detected signal frequency is divided and – because of

the aliasing process – higher spectral components are shifted down. We are also examining the influence of

a residual jitter that occurs in the reference signal generated by filtering the jitter occurring in the same signal,

whose phase fluctuations we intend to measure. Then, we are discussing the evaluation results, which

were obtained by using the target fibre optic time and frequency transfer system.

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Authors and Affiliations

Karol Salwik
Łukasz Śliwczyński
Przemysław Krehlik
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Abstract

In the last decade, there has been a substantial surge in the advancement of research into the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) controller. The MPPT approaches, on the other hand, continue to be in high demand due to the ease and simplicity with which tracking techniques can be implemented on the maximum power point (MPP). Diverse MPPT approaches and their modifications from various literature are categorized and thoroughly explored in this work, which is divided into two sections. The discussions are centered on the primary goal of attaining the most extraordinary feasible MPPT technique that produces the best results at the lowest possible expense. In order to determine which MPPT approaches to use, evaluations from earlier literature are used to guide the decision. In this section, we will examine the evaluation of the MPPT technique in two sections. Previously, in Part I, we explored the MPPT techniques based on constant parameters and trial-and- error. Part II of this article will examine the MPPT technique, which is based on mathematical computation, measurement, and comparison, and the algorithm development that has occurred in recent years. Furthermore, this section’s assessment for selecting MPPT approaches is based on previous literature reviews. To aid with this selection, the following criteria for the MPPT approach are proposed: sensors and analog/digital requirements, costeffectiveness, simplicity, stability, efficiency, and tracking speed. This enables the reader to select the MPPT technique that is most appropriate for their application.
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Authors and Affiliations

Tole Sutikno
1
ORCID: ORCID
Arsyad Cahya Subrata
1
ORCID: ORCID
Giovanni Pau
2
ORCID: ORCID
Awang Jusoh
3
ORCID: ORCID
Kashif Ishaque
4
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Department of Electrical Engineering, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan Yogyakarta, Indonesia
  2. Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Kore University of Enna, Italy
  3. School of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
  4. Capital University of Science & Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Abstract

The development of research on the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) controller has increased significantly in this decade. The MPPT technique, however, is still demanding because of the ease and simplicity of implementing tracking technique on the maximum power point (MPP). In this paper, MPPT techniques and their modifications from various literature are classified and examined in detail. The discussions are focused on the main objective of obtaining the best possible MPPT technique with the best results at a low cost. The assessment for the selection of MPPT techniques is based on assessments from the previous literature. The discussion of the MPPT technique assessment is divided into two parts. In Part I, the MPPT technique based on constant parameters, and trial-and-error will be discussed in detail, along with its algorithm development in recent times.
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Authors and Affiliations

Tole Sutikno
1
ORCID: ORCID
Arsyad Cahya Subrata
1
ORCID: ORCID
Giovanni Pau
2
ORCID: ORCID
Awang Jusoh
3
ORCID: ORCID
Kashif Ishaque
4
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Department of Electrical Engineering, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
  2. Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Kore University of Enna, Italy
  3. School of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
  4. Capital University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Abstract

The reliable and rapid diagnosis of infectious animal diseases presents an exceptionally im- portant aspect when considering their control and prevention. The paper describes the compara- tive evaluation of two rapid isothermal amplification methods for diagnosis of African swine fever (ASF). The robustness of loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) and the cross-priming amplification (CPA) were compared using samples obtained from ASF confirmed animals. Both assays were evaluated in order to define their diagnostic capabilities in terms of ASF diagnosis and reproducibility of the results. Investigations showed no cross-reactivity for other pig patho- gens and no significant differences in the specificity of both assays. The sensitivity of LAMP reached 90%, while that of CPA was 70%. In conclusion, both methods are suitable for imple- mentation in preliminary ASF diagnosis but further improvements are required to enhance their diagnostic sensitivity.

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Authors and Affiliations

G. Woźniakowski
M. Frączyk
N. Mazur
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Abstract

In the modern corpus of Croatian anthroponyms there are 30 personal names with the root bog (‛god’). An abundance of both published and unpublished historical sources used in this research allowed the authors to create a corpus of personal names suitable for the comparative analysis of frequency and incidence in historical sources. The continuity of the use of the root bog among Croats is presented through the analysis of historical anthroponymic records (from the oldest originating in the 11th century, to contemporary sources). The oldest available sources attest to the onset of interference and the blending of Slavic and Romanic ethnicities, foremost in coastal Dalmatian city communes. A limited frequency of these personal names was detected in the 16th century. The factors that led to this situation are not only connected to the decisions of the Council of Trent, which recommended general usage of Christian names, but can also be attributed to historical circumstances (incursion of Ottomans, subsequent migrations). Most of the 16th century attestations pertain to areas with a mixed Christian and Muslim population. In border areas, where Western states shared Eastern borders with the Ottoman Empire, the analysed attestations were quite rare. Due to constant migrations from the contact zones and the Ottoman Empire towards the interior of the Hungarian-Croatian Kingdom, these personal names were able to ”survive” the early modern period. At the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th century, usage of folk names was more frequent, most probably as a consequence of the process of Croatian national revival.
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Authors and Affiliations

Anikica Čilaš Šimpraga
Branimir Brgles
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Abstract

This paper proposes four different cost-effective configurations of a hybrid energy storage system (HESS) in an electric city bus. A comparison is presented between a battery powered bus (battery bus) and supercapacitor powered bus in two configurations in terms of initial and operational costs. The lithium iron phosphate (LFP) battery type was used in the battery bus and three of the hybrids. In the first hybrid the battery module was the same size as in the battery bus, in the second it was half the size and in the third it was one third the size. The fourth hybrid used a lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC) battery type with the same energy as the LFP battery module in the battery bus. The model of LFP battery degradation is used in the calculation of its lifetime range and operational costs. For the NMC battery and supercapacitor, the manufacturers’ data have been adopted. The results show that it is profitable to use HESS in an electric city bus from both the producer and consumer point of view. The reduction of battery size and added supercapacitor module generates up to a 36% reduction of the initial energy storage system (ESS) price and up to a 29% reduction of operational costs when compared to the battery ESS. By using an NMC battery type in HESS, it is possible to reduce operational costs by up to 50% compared to an LFP battery ESS.

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Authors and Affiliations

M. Wieczorek
M. Lewandowski
W. Jefimowski

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