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Number of results: 65
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Abstract

The paper contains a short literature review on the subject of special type of thin film structures with resistiveswitching memory effect. In the literature, such structures are commonly labeled as "memristors". The word "memristor" originates from two words: "memory" and "resistor". For the first time, the memristor was theoretically described in 1971 by Leon Chua as the 4th fundamental passive electronics element with a non-linear current-voltage behavior. The reported area of potential usage of memristor is enormous. It is predicted that the memristor could find application, for example in the domain of nonvolatile random access memory, flash memory, neuromorphic systems and so forth. However, in spite of the fact that plenty of papers have been published in the subject literature to date, the memristor still behaves as a "mysterious" electronic element. It seems that, one of the important reasons that such structures are not yet in practical use, is unsufficient knowledge of physical phenomena determining occurrence of the switching effect. The present paper contains a literature review of available descriptions of theoretical basis of the memristor structures, used materials, structure configurations and discussion about future prospects and limitations.

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Authors and Affiliations

Jarosław Domaradzki
Damian Wojcieszak
Tomasz Kotwica
Ewa Mańkowska
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Abstract

Extensive use of computer networks is associated with the development of various effective methods that are suitable for hiding information in the contents transferred over the network. These methods are described as network steganography. Since web applications use HTTP protocol to transmit the requests to the server and send the answers to the final recipient, specifically HTTP protocol is ideal for hiding information. For example, there are several methods that can be used to transmit the additional content in the HTTP header. In this paper, we present authors’ evaluation method for network steganography using HTTP specific properties and evaluate the effectiveness of some techniques, providing experimental results.

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Authors and Affiliations

Paweł Buchwald
Maciej Rostański
Krystian Mączka
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Abstract

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is a popular pigment known as titania white. However, it has many other properties that support various applications.

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Authors and Affiliations

Katarzyna Siuzdak
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Abstract

Underwater steel structures require periodic maintenance. In the case of vessels, anti-corrosion works are carried out in the shipyard, where very good conditions for applying organic protective coatings can be provided. Very good surface preparation can be obtained by the use of abrasive blasting. The well-prepared metal surface is free from impurities (particularly inorganic salts). Suitable conditions for the application and renovation of coatings are also ensured (creating appropriate climatic conditions, drying the air, setting the appropriate air temperature). However, there are underwater constructions that cannot be transferred above the water level and, therefore, their conservation against corrosion can take place only under the surface of the water, which significantly hinders the execution of renovation works. In this work, protective coatings for underwater application were tested. The application of coatings on selected steel surfaces over and under the water was carried out. Physico-mechanical and electrochemical tests were carried out in order to assess the quality of the obtained corrosion protection. The possible difficulties faced when applying coatings in marine conditions were discussed.

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Authors and Affiliations

J. Orlikowski
A. Jażdżewska
K. Jurak
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Abstract

The article contains a survey of methods of the mobile development with the FMX Application platform, which allows to build multi-platform solutions for the efficient Human-Computer Interaction. The test projects illustrate some important conclusions regarding the design and testing of mobile applications for iOS and Android operating systems. They demonstrate navigation controls designed in the skeumorphic and flat manner with some comparisons based on interviews with users in several age ranges. Test apps provide also touch gestures, sensor integration and connections to remote internet data sources. Some additional considerations about the localization and internationalization of the mobile applications built with the FMX platform were also presented. The proposed implementation of the software engineering methods for the mobile application development provides new insights, valuable for software developers dealing with the new FMX platform on iOS and Android.

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Authors and Affiliations

Zdzisław Sroczyński
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Abstract

The ultrasound (US) imaging market is fast-changing in terms of needs, trends and tendencies as it undergoes rapid innovations. Due to technological improvements, a variety of US probe types is available to cover a wide range of clinical applications. The aim of this paper is to provide information to healthcare professionals to select the appropriate probe for the intended use and the desired performance/price ratio. This work describes the majority of conventional, special and unique US probe types currently available on the market, together with technological insights that are responsible for image quality and a list of some of their clinical applications. The description of the inner transducer technologies allows to understand what contributes to different prices, features, quality level and breadth of applications. The comparison of current US probes and the analysis of advanced performances arising from the latest innovations, may help physicians, biomedical and clinical engineers, sonographers and other stakeholders with purchasing and maintenance commitments, enabling them to select the appropriate probe according to their clinical and economical needs.
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Authors and Affiliations

Ramona De Luca
1
Leonoardo Forzoni
1
Francesca Gelli
1
Jeffrey Bamber
2

  1. Esaote S.p.A. Florence, 50127, Italy
  2. Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust London, SM2 5NG, United Kingdom
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Abstract

The high sensitivity of beans to herbicides is one of the limiting factors regarding the management of dicot weeds in bean crops. Protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) inhibition is an important mechanism of action that has unregistered molecules with potential use in bean crops. The objectives of this study were to investigate the tolerance of Brazilian bean cultivars to distinct PPO inhibitors and to determine the existence of cross-tolerance in cultivars to the different PPO inhibitor chemical groups. In the first and second experiments, the BRSMG Talismã, Jalo Precoce, BRS Esplendor, and IPR 81 cultivars were subjected to saflufenacil doses pre- (0, 9.6, 14.1, 20.5, 30.0, and 43.8 g a.i. ‧ ha–1) and post-emergence (0, 0.7, 1.0, 1.5, 2.1, and 3.1 g a.i. ‧ ha–1). In the third experiment, the tolerance of 28 bean genotypes to saflufenacil (20.5 g a.i. ‧ ha–1) in pre-emergence was determined. In the fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh experiments, we investigated the cross-tolerance of bean to the fomesafen, flumioxazin, sulfentrazone, and saflufenacil herbicides, respectively. Even very low saflufenacil doses in post-emergence caused plants of all cultivars to die rapidly; therefore, the tolerance was much lower at this application time than in pre-emergence. There was high tolerance variability to saflufenacil among the 28 cultivars. The bean tolerance to fomesafen, flumioxazin, sulfentrazone, and saflufenacil applied pre-emergence depended on the cultivar and dose. Fomesafen was highlighted owing to its higher selectivity in relation to the different cultivars. No cross-tolerance pattern to the PPO inhibitor chemical groups applied in pre-emergence was observed among the evaluated bean cultivars. The results of this study could be of significance to farmers and technical assistance personnel, as well as for future research on cultivar breeding and the elucidation of biochemical and genetic mechanisms involved in herbicide tolerance.
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Authors and Affiliations

Antonio Pedro Brusamarello
1
Michelangelo Muzell Trezzi
1
Fortunato de Bortoli Pagnoncelli Júnior
1
Paulo Henrique de Oliveira
1
Taciane Finatto
1
Marcos Vinícius Jaeger Barancelli
1
Bruno Alcides Hammes Schmalz
1
Patrícia Bortolanza Pereira
1

  1. Department of Agronomy, Federal Technological University of Paraná (UTFPR), Brazil
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Abstract

Umbilical hernia is one of the most common problems in young calves. This problem occurs in dairy sector as well as in the local farmers. Present study was conducted to compare outcomes of four different techniques of herniorrhaphy. Twenty four young calves (n=24) were divided in 4 groups (A, B, C, and D) which underwent four different surgical techniques. Group A underwent vicryl plus suture material and pants-over-west technique, Group B underwent mesh application with Dexon suture material by using simple interrupted suture pattern, Group C underwent closed method with Nylon No. 3 suture material by using vertical mattress suture pattern and Group D underwent clamp application method with Silk No. 2 suture material by using simple interrupted suture pattern. The result showed that mesh application method was comparatively better with respect to feed intake, body weight gain and healing time. There was no reoccurrence with non-significant hematological changes (p≤0.05). It is concluded that mesh application method is safer than other three techniques and there are no systemic effects of this surgical intervention on calves’ health.
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Bibliography


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Anjum NA, Singh N, Singh MK, Sayeed I, Duarte AC, Pereira E, Ahmad I (2014) Single-bilayer graphene oxide sheet impacts and underly-ing potential mechanism assessment in germinating faba bean (Vicia faba L.). Sci Total En 472: 834-841.
Bellavance A, Bonneville-Hébert A, Desrochers A, Fecteau G (2010) Surgical correction of a diaphragmatic hernia in a newborn calf. Canad Vet J 51: 767.
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Ergul Z, Akinci M, Ugurlu C, Kulacoglu H, Yilmaz K (2012) Prophylactic antibiotic use in elective inguinal hernioplasty in a trauma center. Hernia 16: 145-151.
Fazili M, Buchoo B, Bhattacharyya H, Khan I (2013) Uncomplicated (simple) umbilical hernia in crossbred dairy calves: management with or without surgery. Indian J Vet Surg 34: 111-114.
Gonzalez R, Mason E, Duncan T, Wilson R, Ramshaw BJ (2003) Laparoscopic versus open umbilical hernia repair. JSLS 7: 323.
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Wilhelm M, Hölzer J, Dobler L, Rauchfuss K, Midasch O, Kraft M, Angerer J, Wiesmüller G (2009) Preliminary observations on perfluori-nated compounds in plasma samples (1977–2004) of young German adults from an area with perfluorooctanoate-contaminated drinking water. Int J Hyg En Health 212: 142-145.
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Authors and Affiliations

A. Fatima
1
M. Arif Khan
1
S. Aslam
1
K. Ashraf
2
A. Khalid Mahmood
1
M. Asif
1
S. Shah
1
N. Hussain
1

  1. Department of Veterinary Surgery and Pet Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Out fall road 54000, Lahore-Pakistan
  2. Department of Parasitology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Out fall road 54000, Lahore-Pakistan
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Abstract

Natural fibres have recently gained attention as an alternative sustainable material for civil engineering applications due to natural fibres’ exceptional performance, including high strength, and their environmental-friendliness and cost-effectiveness. However, there are disadvantages to using natural fibres in extreme environments. Therefore, this paper reviewed the effect of moisture content and temperature on the tensile strength of potential natural fibres for engineering purposes. Furthermore, this paper also critically reviewed the influence of alkaline treatment on natural fibres’ tensile strength. This is significant because alkaline treatment enhances surface friction and the fraction of the revealed cellulose on the fibres’ surface, resulting in better mechanical interlocking. In conclusion, natural fibres demonstrate their potential for geotechnical applications due to the materials’ strong tensile properties after being subjected to treatment processes.
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Authors and Affiliations

Nur Faezah Yahya
1
ORCID: ORCID
T.N.H.T Ismail
1
ORCID: ORCID
Fatimah Mohamed Yusop
1
ORCID: ORCID
Norul Ahsanah Aulia Mohamad Mahani
1
ORCID: ORCID
Alia Farhana Malik
1
ORCID: ORCID
L.A. Sofri
2
ORCID: ORCID
Joanna Gondro
3
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Faculty of Engineering Technology, 84600 Panchor, Johor, Malaysia
  2. Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Centre of Excellence Geopolymer & Green Technology (CEGeoGTech), 01000 Perlis, Malaysia
  3. Częstochowa University of Technology, Faculty of Production Engineering and Materials Technology, Department of Physics, 19 Armii Krajowej Av., 42-200 Częstochowa, Poland
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Abstract

Biobased hydrogels are three-dimensional polymeric matrices with a unique high water-holding capacity, which are mainly obtained from polysaccharides and proteins. Such a variety of natural polymer structures offers a range of hydrogel products with interesting physicochemical and biological properties. Nowadays, these matrices are already used in many industrial and environmental fields, which is considered extremely important. Moreover, the literature on the subject is constantly expanding, especially in areas of scientific research. The main purpose of this article is to briefly review the current development of matrices composition and properties of hydrogels of natural origin, considered as functional platforms in three application areas, primarily in biocatalysis, nutrition and medicine. The description of individual issues in the present article is supported by examples of case studies described in our previously published research papers, as well as considered in current projects of our research group.
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Authors and Affiliations

Karolina Labus
1
ORCID: ORCID
Halina Maniak
1
ORCID: ORCID
Katarzyna Kołodzińska
1
Łukasz Radosiński
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Micro, Nano and Bioprocess Engineering, Norwida 4/6 50-373 Wrocław, Poland
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Abstract

The paper deals with the problem of production material flow management. The proper way of logistic tasks management has an impact on the production process effectiveness and the cycle time, which is a very important factor in manufacturing. Reducing the production process cycle time results not only in the ability to provide more customers with orders but also in increasing the level of resources usage (machines, operators etc.). In order to reach the aim of improving production effectiveness, the simulation modeling was used. It is a computer method that supports a decision-making process and allows to perform experiments on production without interfering with the real process. The paper also includes a risk analysis performed to evaluate the imperfections of simulation modeling, based on the rules of fuzzy logic.
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Authors and Affiliations

Anna Burduk
ORCID: ORCID
Dagmara Łapczynska
ORCID: ORCID
Piotr Popiel
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Abstract

In this paper, model reference output feedback tracking control of an aircraft subject to additive, uncertain, nonlinear disturbances is considered. In order to present the design steps in a clear fashion: first, the aircraft dynamics is temporarily assumed as known with all the states of the system available. Then a feedback linearizing controller minimizing a performance index while only requiring the output measurements of the system is proposed. As the aircraft dynamics is uncertain and only the output is available, the proposed controller makes use of a novel uncertainty estimator. The stability of the closed loop system and global asymptotic tracking of the proposed method are ensured via Lyapunov based arguments, asymptotic convergence of the controller to an optimal controller is also established. Numerical simulations are presented in order to demonstrate the feasibility and performance of the proposed control strategy.
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Bibliography

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Authors and Affiliations

Ilker Tanyer
1
Enver Tatlicioglu
2
Erkan Zergeroglu
3

  1. Gezgini Inc., Folkart Towers, BBuilding, Floor: 36, Office: 3608, Izmir, 35580, Turkey
  2. Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Ege University, Izmir, 35100, Turkey
  3. Department of Computer Engineering, Gebze Technical University, Kocaeli, 41400, Turkey
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Abstract

This article proposes that the current Vietnamese conflict of law rules for tort actions, which presently use the place of damages rule to determine the applicable law (meaning applying the law of the jurisdiction where the damage occurred), should be supplemented with additional conflicts of law rules in order to address the problems presented by specific tort actions such as environmental pollution, product liability, intellectual property rights, and violations of competition rules. It is proposed that for these specific torts, the place of damages rule needs to be either replaced by other connecting factors, such as the place of acting or the rule of closest connection, or it has to be made more concrete. In other types of torts, the rule has to be rebuttable by the foreseeability defense or has to give way to a ubiquity rule granting the plaintiff the choice between the laws of the place of damage and the laws of the place of acting.
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Authors and Affiliations

Luong Duc Doan
1
ORCID: ORCID
Trinh Thi Hong Nguyen
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Associate Professor of Law, School of Law, Hue University (Vietnam)
  2. PhD, lecturer, School of Law, Hue University (Vietnam)
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Abstract

In the paper, problem of proper tuning of second-order Reduced Active Disturbance Rejection Controller (RADRC2) is considered in application for industrial processes with significant (but not dominant) delay time. For First-Order plus Delay Time (FOPDT) and Second-Order plus Delay Time (SOPDT) processes, tuning rules are derived to provide minimal Integral Absolute Error (IAE) assuming robustness defined by gain and phase margins. Derivation was made using optimization procedure based on D-partition method. The paper also shows results of comprehensive simulation validation based on examplary benchmark processes of more complex dynamics as well as final practical validation. Comparison with PID controller shows that RADRC2 tuned by the proposed rules can be practical alternative for industrial control applications.

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Authors and Affiliations

Paweł Nowak
ORCID: ORCID
Jacek Czeczot
Patryk Grelewicz
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Abstract

The article presents a methodology for analysing historical gas production data and determining the gas reserves and the petrophysical parameters of a reservoir-aquifer system. These parameters are obtained from a fitting algorithm using production data sets. A forecast of the future field gas production can be created on the calibrated mathematical model basis. The developed method is based on the material balance assumptions and the widely used Fetkovich and van Everdingen-Hurst equations for calculating water influx. To conduct the calculations and analyse production data, the computer application was developed using Python programming language. A user-friendly graphical interface makes the proposed application convenient and intuitive to use. The software was calibrated based on the literature data from the gas field of known parameters and then validated using five case studies of the actual gas fields in the Polish Carpathian Foredeep. From the tests, very high compatibility between the computed and the real field values were obtained. An additional comparison with the commercial program MatBal confirmed the proper functioning of the application.
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Authors and Affiliations

Wojciech Żygas
1
ORCID: ORCID
Jacek Blicharski
1
ORCID: ORCID
Czesław Rybicki
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Drilling, Oil and Gas, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
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Abstract

Direct applications in agriculture are among the most prospective development lines of geothermal water and energy. In many countries such uses have already been ongoing. Poland also has suitable natural conditions and geothermal waters’ potential for agricultural development as well as for applications related to agriculture. Moreover, such applications in agriculture – if taking place after earlier use of geothermal waters e.g. for energetic or other purposes – would be the realization of the idea of the closed cycle economy. The first research and development works on geothermal waters and energy applications in agriculture in Poland were carried out in the early 1990s. In recent years this subject has once again sparked a growing interest. The paper presents geothermal water resources potential as well as circumstances, rationale, selected relevant estimations and proposed zones in the country for their uses (as raw material and heat source) in the agricultural sector of the country. The use of geothermal waters in agriculture would be an important element in the chain of agricultural production and agri-food processing, contributing to the increase in the use of locally available natural resources, as well as reducing emissions when using these resources for energetic purposes. The topic is presented against the background of a brief review of the state of geothermal water applications in agriculture in the world and in Europe, which convinces the legitimacy and need for the development of such use of geothermal water as a raw material for agriculture also in Poland.

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Authors and Affiliations

Robert Skrzypczak
Beata Kępińska
ORCID: ORCID
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Abstract

In order to design a stable and reliable voice communication system, it is essential to know how many resources are necessary for conveying quality content. These parameters may include objective quality of service (QoS) metrics, such as: available bandwidth, bit error rate (BER), delay, latency as well as subjective quality of experience (QoE) related to user expectations. QoE is expressed as clarity of speech and the ability to interpret voice commands with adequate mean opinion score (MOS) grades. This paper describes a quality evaluation study of a two-way speech transmission system via bandwidth over power line – power line communication (BPL-PLC) technology in an operating underground mine. We investigate how different features of the available wired medium can affect end-user quality. The results of the described study include: two types of coupling (capacitive and inductive), two transmission modes (mode 1 and 11), and four language sets of speech samples (American English, British English, German, and Polish) encoded at three different bit rates (8, 16, and 24 kbps). Our findings can aid both researchers working on low-bit rate coding and compression, signal processing and speech perception, as well as professionals active in the mining and oil industry.
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Authors and Affiliations

Przemysław Falkowski-Gilski
1
Grzegorz Debita
2

  1. Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and Informatics, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk, Poland
  2. General Tadeusz Kosciuszko Military University of Land Forces, Wrocław, Poland
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Abstract

Choral singers are among intensive voice users whose excessive vocal effort puts them at risk of developing voice disorders. The aim of the work was to assess voice quality for choral singers in the choir at the Polish-Japanese Academy of Information Technology. This evaluation was carried out using the acoustic parameters from the COVAREP (A Collaborative Voice Analysis Repository For Speech Technologies) repository. A prototype of a mobile application was also prepared to allow the calculation of these parameters.

The study group comprised 6 male and 19 female choir singers. The control group consisted of healthy non-singing individuals, 50 men and 39 women. Auditory perceptual assessment (using the RBH scale) as well as acoustic analysis were used to test the voice quality of all the participants. The voice quality of the female choir singers proved to be normal in comparison with the control group.

The male choir singers were found to have tense voice in comparison with the controls. The parameters which proved most effective for voice evaluation were Peak Slope and Normalized Amplitude Quotient.

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Authors and Affiliations

Krzysztof Szklanny
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Abstract

Paper discusses integrated assessment methodology of air pollution and greenhouse gases mitigation. RAINS/CiAINS model developed at the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) is described. Its use in policy-relevant analysis is discussed with particular locus on studies for the development of policies of the European Union and under the lJN/ECF: Convention on Long-Range Transhoundary Air Pollution (CLRTAP). Importance of interactions and synergies het ween air pollution and greenhouse gases policies is stressed. Integrated assessment has proven to be an important tool for preparation of air pollution control legislation in Eurore. Although most prominent applications of integrated assessment referred to international policies, recently these methods have been applied in several national studies lor in-depth analyses at subnational regional level. It is advisable to further disseminate applications of the methodology and software tools lor regional assessment.
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Authors and Affiliations

Janusz Cofała
Markus Amann
Willem Asman
Imrich Bertok
Chris Heyes
Lena Hoglund-Isaksson
Zbigniew Klimont
Wolfgang Schopp
Fabian Wagner
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Abstract

There is an ongoing search for technologies that guarantee soybean productivity. Among them, the application of phytosanitary products stands out, since the sprayer is the most required implement during the agricultural production cycle and each error, in practice, represents a loss in the production process. With this in mind, the objective of this work was to evaluate the volume captured and the characteristics of the application in the different thirds of soybean plants with variations in hydraulic nozzles and spray volumes, as well as the use of electrification of the drops. To this end, a field experiment was conducted during the 2018/2019 summer harvest in an experimental area at the University of Rio Verde. The experimental design used was randomized blocks in a factorial scheme (3 × 4), with four repetitions, in which the first factor consisted of three variations of spray nozzles (simple fan, hollow cone and hollow cone with electrification of the drops). The second factor involved four application rates (50, 100, 150 and 200 l · ha–1). The variables evaluated were the number of drops per cm–2, percentage of coverage, volume median diameter (VMD) and the captured volume (μl · cm–2). According to the results, for the upper thirds, an increase in the application rate increased the volume of captured syrup. However, for the lower third, the factors evaluated did not interfere in this characteristic. The hydraulic tips influenced the density of droplets in the three thirds and the coverage only in the lower one. The increasing rates of application, increases the density of drops and percentage of coverage in the different thirds of the plants. The evaluated factors had no effect on the syrup distribution on the median abaxial surface of the leaves.
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Authors and Affiliations

Carlos Eduardo Leite Mello
1
ORCID: ORCID
Eduardo Lima do Carmo
1
ORCID: ORCID
Guilherme Braga Pereira Braz
1
ORCID: ORCID
Gustavo André Simon
1
ORCID: ORCID
João Vitor Alves de Sousa
1
Ana Carolina Pereira dos Reis
1
Marco Túlio Moura Leite
1
Gabriel Elias Soares de Araújo
1

  1. Agronomia, Universidade de Rio Verde, Rio Verde, Brazil
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Abstract

An efficient application of phytosanitary products depends, among other factors, on a good selection of nozzles and the application volume rate of the solution used. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of different models of hydraulic tips and application volume rates on spray coverage on targets positioned in the upper, middle and lower thirds of corn plants. The application volume rates evaluated were: 50 l · ha −1; 100 l · ha −1; 150 l · ha −1; 200 l · ha −1; 300 l · ha −1 and 400 l · ha −1. The following nozzles were used: TT 11001, TTJ60 11002, TXA 8003, 30HCX 12, GRD120 02 and GAT11002. Applications were carried out in phenological stages V6–V7 of corn plants. There was a directly proportional relationship between an increase in application volume rate and the levels of spray coverage and droplet density in the three thirds of corn plants. The application volume rate evaluated, except for 50 l · ha −1 in the lower third, provided a number of droplets compatible with the literature recommendations for the application of systemic fungicides. All tips evaluated provided a number of droplets compatible with the recommendations in the literature for the application of systemic fungicides, therefore, they can be recommended for use in spraying on corn crops.
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Authors and Affiliations

Roxana Stefane Mendes Nascimento
1
ORCID: ORCID
Douglas Ferreira Parreira
2
Juliana Souza Milagres
3
Danilo Felipe Afonso
3
Pedro Luid de Sousa Oliveira
4
Rafael Guimarães Silva Moraes
4

  1. Fitotecnia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
  2. Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
  3. Agronomia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
  4. Agronomia, Universidade Estadual da Região Tocantina do Maranhão, Imperatriz, Brazil
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Abstract

A ternary photonic crystal with left-handed material (LHM) layer is examined for refractometric applications. One of the layers is assumed to be air and treated as an analyte. The transmittance from the ternary photonic crystal is studied in details and the wavelength shift due to the change in the refractive index of the analyte is investigated. The transmittance is investigated with the parameters of the LHM. It is found that the wavelength shift can be significantly enhanced with the decrease of both real part of the LHM permittivity and thickness.

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Authors and Affiliations

S.A. Taya
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Abstract

Straw, particularly cereal straw, is a valuable by-product of crop production, which can be used for various purposes, e.g. as livestock feed and bedding or for making fuels, however it should primarily be retained on farmland in order to prevent soil organic matter (SOM) losses and thus to maintain or improve soil quality. The aim of this study was to analyze effects of the frequency of crop residues (straw) incorporation into the soil on the content of soil organic matter and on crop yields. There were the following experimental treatments: SR – straw of all crop in the rotation removed, S1 – straw of one crop per rotation incorporated, S2 – straw of two crops in the rotation incorporated, and S3 – straw of three crops incorporated into the soil (loamy sand). After 21 years of crop rotation with straw removal (SR) the SOM level in the soil slightly decreased to 14.4 g∙kg –1 soil DM, compared to that in 1997 (14.6 g∙kg –1). However, when straw of one crop (rape) per rotation was incorporated (S1) the content of SOM increased to 15.0 g∙kg -1 soil DM, and to 15.6 and 16.0 g∙kg –1 in S2 and S3 treatments respectively. Straw retention had also a beneficial effect on the content of labile fractions of SOM (hot water extractable C and N). Grain yields and yield components of wheat and triticale, and seed yields of rape in the SR treatment were not significantly different from those obtained in S1, S2 and S3 treatments.
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Authors and Affiliations

Janusz Smagacz
1
ORCID: ORCID
Stefan Martyniuk
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation – State Research Institute, Czartoryskich 8, 24-100 Puławy, Poland
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Abstract

Structural health monitoring of aircraft assures safety, integrity and reduces cost-related concerns by reducing the number of times maintenance is required. Under aerodynamic loading, aircraft is subjected to strain, in turn causing damage and breakdown. This paper presents a review of experimental works, which focuses on monitoring strain of various parts of aircraft using optical fibre sensors. In addition, this paper presents a discussion and review on different types of optical fibre sensors used for structural health monitoring (SHM) of aircraft. However, the focus of this paper is on fibre bragg gratings (FBGs) for strain monitoring. Here, FBGs are discussed in detail because they have proved to be most viable and assuring technology in this field. In most cases of strain monitoring, load conditioning and management employs finite element method (FEM). However, more effort is still required in finding the accurate positions in real time where the sensors can be placed in the structure and responds under complex deformation.
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Authors and Affiliations

Monica Murthy N
1
Priyanka Desai Kakade
2

  1. Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, India
  2. Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India

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