Search results

Filters

  • Journals
  • Authors
  • Keywords
  • Date
  • Type

Search results

Number of results: 2
items per page: 25 50 75
Sort by:
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

The paper presents the results of a series of Cone Penetration Test CPTu performed near the city of Wroclaw (Poland). The tests were carried out in 13 testing points located in close distance to each other. To verify the results of the penetration tests, fine-grained soil samples from selected depths were taken for laboratory tests. The study focuses on the evaluation of soil type, unit weight, and undrained shear strength cu, and compression index Cc. The grain size distribution of the soil and its mechanical parameters on the basis of a uniaxial compression and an oedometer tests were estimated. A comparison of laboratory and CPTu for selected values is presented. Determination of soil type was carried out on the basis of ISBT and IC values and good agreement with the granulometric composition was found. For undrained shear strength, commonly used correlations based on Nk, Nkt and Nke were adopted. However, the values obtained from the CPT are significantly lower than the results from laboratory tests. Therefore, values of cone factors suitable for investigated soil type and reference test were proposed. In the case of the compression index, the coefficient values βc and αm obtained agreed with those available in the literature. The findings presented in the paper indicate that laboratory tests remain necessary to identify soil properties from CPTu. The presented results are also a contribution to the knowledge of local soil conditions in the Lower Silesia area (Poland).
Go to article

Bibliography

[1] F.H. Kulhawy, P.W. Mayne, Manual on estimating soil properties for foundation design (No. EPRI-EL-6800). Electric Power Research Inst., Palo Alto, CA (USA ); Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY (USA ), Geotechnical Engineering Group (1990).
[2] T . Lunne, P.K. Robertson, J.J.M. Powell, Cone Penetration Testing in Geotechnical Practice. Blackie Academic/ Routledge Publishing, New York (1997).
[3] K . Karlsrud, T. Lunne, D.A. Kort, S. Strandvik, CPTU correlations for clays. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 16 (2), p. 693 (2005).
[4] P.K. Robertson, Interpretation of cone penetration tests — a unified approach. Can. Geoech. J. 46 (11), 1337-1355 (2009), DOI: https://doi.org/10.1139/T09-065
[5] P .K. Robertson, The James K. Mitchell Lecture: Interpretation of in-situ tests-some insights. In: Proc. 4th Int. Conf. on Geotechnical and Geophysical Site Characterization – ISC 4, 3-24 (2012).
[6] P .W. Mayne, Interpretation of geotechnical parameters from seismic piezocone tests. In: Proc. 3rd Intl. Symposium on Cone Penetration Testing, CPT’14, 47-73 (2014).
[7] A. Eslami, S. Moshfeghi, H. MolaAbasi, M.M. Eslami, Piezocone and Cone Penetration Test (CPTu and CPT) Applications in Foundation Engineering. Butterworth-Heinemann (2019).
[8] P.K. Robertson, Soil behaviour type from the CPT. In: Proc. 2nd Int. Symposium on Cone Penetration Testing, CPT’10 (2010).
[9] P.K. Robertson, Cone penetration test (CPT)-based soil behaviour type (SBT) classification system — an update. Can. Geotech. J. 53 (12), 1910-1927 (2016) DOI: https://doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2016-0044
[10] P.K. Robertson, K.L. Cabal, Estimating soil unit weight from CPT. In: Proc. 2nd Int. Symposium on Cone Penetration Testing, CPT’10 (2010).
[11] P.W. Mayne, J. Peuchen, D. Bouwmeester, Soil unit weight estimation from CPTs. In: Proc. 2nd Int. Symposium on Cone Penetration Testing, CPT’10, (2010).
[12] L .Y. Ju, C. Miao, Z.J. Cao, P. Hubbard, K. Soga, K., D.Q. Li, Geo-Congress 2020: Modeling. Geomaterials and Site Characterization, 558-568 (2020).
[13] K . Karlsrud, K. Brattlien, T. Lunne, Improved CPTU interpretations based on block samples. NGI (1997).
[14] H.E. Low, T. Lunne, K.H. Andersen, M.A. Sjursen, X. Li, M.F. Randolph, Estimation of intact and remoulded undrained shear strengths from penetration tests in soft clays. Géotechnique 60 (11), 843-859 (2010), DOI: https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.9.P.017
[15] Z . Rémai, Correlation of undrained shear strength and CPT resistance. Per. Pol. Civil Eng. 57 (1), 39-44 (2013), DOI: https://doi.org/10.3311/PPci.2140
[16] A .K.M. Zein, International Journal of Geo-Engineering 8 (1), (2017), DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40703-017- 0046-y
[17] P.W. Mayne, J. Peuchen, Evaluation of CPTU Nkt cone factor for undrained strength of clays. In: Proc. 4th Intl. Symposium on Cone Penetration Testing (CPT’18), 423-429 (2018).
[18] A. Drevininkas, G. Creer, M. Nkemitag, Comparison of consolidation characteristics from CPTu, DMT and laboratory testing at Ashbridges Bay, Toronto, Ontario. in: Proceedings of the 64th Canadian Geotechnical Conference and 14th PanAmerican Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Toronto, Canada (2011).
[19] K . Koster, G. Erkens, C. Zwanenburg, A new soil mechanics approach to quantify and predict land subsidence by peat compression. Geophysical Research Letters 43, 10792-10799 (2016), DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GL 071116
[20] M. Mir, A. Bouafia, K. Rahmani, N. Aouali, Analysis of load-settlement behaviour of shallow foundations in saturated clays based on CPT and DPT tests. Geomech. Eng. 13 (1), 119-139 (2017), DOI: https://doi.org/10.12989/ gae.2017.13.1.119
[21] B. Di Buò, J. Selänpää, T. Lansivaara, M. D’Ignazio, Evaluation of existing CPTu-based correlations for the deformation properties of Finnish soft clays. In: Proc. 4th Int. Symposium on Cone Penetration Testing (CPT’18), 185-191 (2018).
[22] Z . Bednarczyk, R. Sandven, Comparison of CPTU and laboratory tests interpretation for Polish and Norwegian clays. In: International Site Characterization Conference, ISC-2. International Society of Rock Mechanics (ISRM), International Association Engineering Geology (IAEG), Geo-Institute of the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), Portuguese Association of Engineers (OE) and British Council (BC). Porto, Portugal (2004).
[23] P . Zawrzykraj, P. Rydelek, A. Bąkowska, Geo-engineering properties of Eemian peats from Radzymin (central Poland) in the light of static cone penetration and dilatometer tests. Eng. Geol. 226, 290-300 (2017), DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2017.07.001
[24] J. Konkol, K. Międlarz, L. Bałachowski, Geotechnical characterization of soft soil deposits in Northern Poland. Eng. Geol. 259, 105187 (2019), DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2019.105187
[25] J. Nawrocki, A. Becker (red.), Atlas geologiczny Polski. Państ. Inst. Geol., Warszawa (2017).
[26] PN -EN ISO 17892, Geotechnical investigation and testing. Laboratory testing of soil.
[27] PN -EN ISO 14688, Geotechnical investigation and testing. Identification and classification of soil.
[28] S. Shimobe, G. Spagnoli, Relationships between undrained shear strength, liquidity index, and water content ratio of clays. Bull. Eng. Geol. Environ. 79, 4817-4828 (2020), DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-020-01844-5
[29] P.K. Robertson, C.E. Wride, Evaluating cyclic liquefaction potential using the cone penetration test. Can. Geoecht. J. 35 (3), 442-459 (1998), DOI: https://doi.org/10.1139/t98-017
[30] I. Bagińska, Estimating and verifying soil unit weight determined on the basis of SCPTu tests. Ann. Warsaw Univ. Life Sci. – SGGW. Land Reclam. 48 (3), 233-242 (2016), DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/sggw-2016-0018
[31] P.W. Mayne, Evaluating effective stress parameters and undrained shear strengths of soft-firm clays from CPT and DMT. Australian Geomechanics Journal 51 (4), 27-55 (2016).
[32] A. Cheshomi, Empirical relationships of CPTu results and undrained shear strength. J. GeoEng. 13 (2), 49-57 (2018), DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.6310/jog.201806_13(2).1
[33] C.P. Wroth, The interpretation of in situ soil tests. Geotechnique 34 (4), 449-489 (1984), DOI: https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.1984.34.4.449
[34] R. Larsson, M. Mulabdic, Piezocone tests in clay. Swedish Geotechnical Institute, Linköping, Report 42, (1991).
[35] Y .J. Shin, D. Kim, Assessment of undrained shear strength based on Cone Penetration Test (CPT) for clayey soils. J. Civ. Eng. 15 (7), 1161-6 (2011), DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-011-0808-6
[36] A .H. El-Bosraty, A.M. Ebid, A.L. Fayed, Estimation of the undrained shear strength of east Port-Said clay using the genetic programming. Ain Shams Engineering Journal 11 (4), 961-969 (2020), DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asej.2020.02.007
[37] L . Bałachowski, K. Międlarz, J. Konkol, Strength parameters of deltaic soils determined with CPTU, DMT and FVT. In: Proc. 4th Int. Symposium on Cone Penetration Testing (CPT’18), 117-121 (2018).
[38] S.J. Hong, M. Lee, J. Kim, W. Lee, Evaluation of undrained shear strength of Busan clay using CPT. In: Proc. 2nd Int. Symposium on Cone Penetration Testing, CPT’10 (2010).
[39] K . Koster, G. De Lange, R. Harting, E. de Heer, H. Middelkoop, Characterizing void ratio and compressibility of Holocene peat with CPT for assessing coastal–deltaic subsidence. Q. J. Eng. Geol. Hydrogeol. 51 (2), 210-218 (2018), DOI: https://doi.org/10.1144/qjegh2017-120
[40] G. Sanglerat, The Penetrometer and Soil Exploration. Dev. Geotech. Eng. (1972).
[41] P.W. Mayne, Cone penetration testing (Vol. 368). Transportation Research Board (2007).



Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Matylda Tankiewicz
1
ORCID: ORCID
Irena Bagińska
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 25 Norwida Str., 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
  2. Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 27 Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego st., 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

This paper discusses the use of mechanical cone penetration test CPTM for estimating the soil unit weight of selected organic soils in Rzeszow site, Poland. A search was made for direct relationships between the empirically determined the soil unit weight value and cone penetration test leading parameters (cone resistance qc, sleeve friction fs. The selected, existing models were also analysed in terms of suitability for estimating the soil unit weight and tests were performed to predict the value soil unit weight of local, different organic soils. Based on own the regression analysis, the relationships between empirically determined values of soil unit weight and leading parameters cone penetration test were determined. The results of research and analysis have shown that both existing models and new, determined regression analysis methods are poorly matched to the unit weight values determined in laboratory, the main reason may be the fact that organic soils are characterized by an extremely complicated, diverse and heterogeneous structure. This often results in a large divergence and lack of repeatability of results in a satisfactorily range. Therefore, in addition, to improve the predictive performances of the relationships, analysis using the artificial neural networks (ANN) was carried out.
Go to article

Bibliography


[1] EN 1997-1: 2008. Eurocode 7: Geotechnical Design – Part 1: General rules.
[2] EN 1997-2: 2009. Eurocode 7: Geotechnical Design – Part 2: Ground Investigation and Testing.
[3] P.K. Robertson, K.L. Cabal, “Guide to Cone Penetration Testing for Geotechnical Engineering”. Gregg Drilling & Testing, Inc, 5-th Edition, 2012.
[4] Y. Cal, “Soil classification by neural-network”, Adv. Eng. Softw. 22: pp. 95–97, 1995.
[5] A. Goh, “Empirical design in geotechnics using neural networks”, Geotechnique 45: pp. 709–714, 1995. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.1995.45.4.709
[6] M. Shahin, M. Jaksa, H. Maier, “Artificial neural network applications in geotechnical engineering”, Aust. Geomech. 36: 49–62, 2001.
[7] N. Nawari, R, Liang, J. Nusairat, “Artificial intelligence techniques for the design and analysis of deep foundations”. Electron. J. Geotech. Eng. 4: pp 1–21, 1999. Available online: http://geotech.civeng.okstate.edu/ejge/ppr9909/index.html (accessed on).
[8] D. Penumadu, C. Jean-Lou, “Geomaterial modeling using artificial neural networks”, In Artificial Neural Networks for Civil Engineers: Fundamentals and Applications, ASCE: Reston, WV, USA, pp 160–184, 1997.
[9] C.H. Zhiming, M. Guotao, Z. Ye, Z. Yanjie, H. Hengyang, “The application of artificial neural network in geotechnical engineering”, In Proceedings of the 2018 International Conference on Civil and Hydraulic Engineering (IConCHE 2018), Qingdao, China, 23–25 November 2018; IOP Publishing: Bristol, UK, 2018; http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/189/2/022054
[10] Z. Wang, Y. Li, “Correction of soil parameters in calculation of embankment settlement using a BP network back-analysis model”, Eng. Geol. 91: pp. 168–177, 2007. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2007.01.007
[11] M.J. Sulewska, “Applying Artificial Neural Networks for analysis of geotechnical problems”, Comput. Assist. Methods Eng. Sci. 18: pp. 230–241, 2011.
[12] M.J. Sulewska, “Artificial Neural modeling of compaction characteristics of cohesionless soil”, Comput. Assist. Methods Eng. Sci. 17: pp. 27–40, 2010.
[13] M.J. Sulewska, “Artificial Neural Networks in the Evaluation of Non-Cohesive Soil Compaction Parameters”, Committee Civil Engineering of the Polish Academy of Sciences: Warsaw, Poland, 2009.
[14] M.J. Sulewska, “Prediction Models for Minimum and Maximum Dry Density of Non-Cohesive Soils”, Pol. J. Environ. Stud. 19: pp. 797–804, 2010.
[15] M. Ochmański, J. Bzówka, “Selected examples of the use of artificial neural networks in geotechnics”, Civ. Environ. Eng. 4: pp. 287–294, 2013.
[16] A. Borowiec, K. Wilk, “Prediction of consistency parameters of fen soils by neural networks”, Comput. Assist. Methods Eng. Sci.21: pp. 67–75, 2014.
[17] M. Kłos, M.J. Sulewska, Z. Waszczyszyn, “Neural identification of compaction characteristics for granular soils”, Comput. Assist. Methods Eng. Sci.18: pp. 265–273, 2011.
[18] G. Wrzesiński, M.J. Sulewska, Z. Lechowicz, “Evaluation of the Change in Undrained Shear Strength in Cohesive Soils due to Principal Stress Rotation Using an Artificial Neural Network”, Appl. Sci. 8: p. 781, 2018. https://doi.org/10.3390/app8050781
[19] Z. Lechowicz, M. Fukue, S. Rabarijoely, M.J. Sulewska, “Evaluation of the Undrained Shear Strength of Organic Soils from a Dilatometer Test Using Artificial Neural Networks”, Appl. Sci. 8: p. 1395, 2018. https://doi.org/10.3390/app8081395
[20] S. Rabarijoely, “A new Approach to the Determination of Mineral and Organic Soil Types Based on Dilatometer Tests (DMT)”, Appl. Sci.8 (11):, p. 2249, 2018. https://doi.org/10.3390/app8112249
[21] G. Straż, A. Borowiec, “Estimating the Unit Weight of Local Organic Soils from Laboratory Tests Using Artificial Neural Networks”, Appl. Sci. 10 (7): p. 2261, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10072261
[22] Voivodship Inspectorate for Environmental Protection in Rzeszów, “Report on the state of the environment of the Podkarpackie Voivodeship in 2013–2015”, Environmental Monitoring Library, Rzeszow, 2016.
[23] Geotech, Ltd. Department of Geological Services Design and Construction and the Environment, “Geological and Engineering Geological Conditions for Recognition – Engineering for the Construction of Multi-Storey Building at UL; Witolda in Rzeszów”: Rzeszow, Poland, 2010.
[24] PN-EN ISO 17892-2:2014. Geotechnical Investigation and Testing – Laboratory Testing of Soil – Part 2: Determination of Bulk Density.
[25] PN-EN ISO 22476-12:2009. Geotechnical Investigation and Testing – Field Testing – Part 12: Mechanical Cone Penetration Test.
[26] L. Wysokiński, W. Kotlicki, T. Godlewski, “Geotechnical design according to Eurocode 7”, Guide. ITB, Warsaw, 2011.
[27] P.W. Mayne, G.J. Rix, “Correlations Between Shear Wave Velocity and Cone Tip Resistance in Clays”, Soils and Foundations 35 (2): pp. 107–110, 1995.
[28] P.W. Mayne, “The 2nd James K. Mitchell Lecture: Undisturbed Sand Strength from Seismic Cone Tests,” Geomechanics and Geoengineering Vol. 1, No. 4: pp. 239–247, 2006.
[29] P.W. Mayne, “Cone Penetration Testing”, “A Synthesis of Highway Practice”, NCHRP Synthesis 368; Transportation Research Board: Washington, DC, USA, 2007.
[30] P.W. Mayne, J. Peuchen, D. Bouwmeester, “Soil unit weight estimation from CPTs”, In Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on Cone Penetration Testing, Huntington Beach, CA, USA, 9–11 May, pp 169–176, 2010.
[31] P.W. Mayne, “Evaluating effective stress parameters and undrained shear strengths of soft-firm clays from CPTu and DMT”, Geotechnical and Geophysical Site Characterisation 5 – Lehane, Acosta-Martínez & Kelly (Eds) © Australian Geomechanics Society, Sydney, Australia, 2016.
[32] P. Robertson, K. Cabal, “Estimating soil unit weight from CPT”, In Proceedings of the 2nd International
[33] Symposium on Cone Penetration Testing, Huntington Beach, CA, USA, 9–11 May, 2010.
[34] A.T. Ozer, S.F. Bartlett, E.C. Lawton, “CPTU and DMT for estimating soil unit weight of Lake Bonneville Clay”, Geotechnical and Geophysical Site Characterization 4: pp. 291–296, 2012.
[35] R.K. Ghanekar, “Unit weight estimation from CPT for Indian offshore soft calcareous clay”, in: “CPTU and DMT in soft clays and organic soils” (eds. Z. Młynarek and J. Wierzbicki), Exlemplum Press, Poznań, Poland, pp. 31–44, 2014.
[36] M.S. Kovacevic, K.G. Gavin, C. Reale, L. Libric, “The use of neural networks to develop CPT correlations for soils in northern Croatia”, Cone Penetration Testing 2018 – Hicks, Pisano & Peuchen (eds), Delft University of Technology, June 2018, The Netherlands.
[37] G. Straż, “Estimating soil unit weight from CPT for selected organic soils”, in: “Selected technical, economic and ecological aspects of contemporary construction” (eds. K. Pujer), Exante, pp. 63–77, 2016.
[38] S.O. Haykin, “Neural Networks and Learning Machines”, 3rd ed.; Pearson Education: Upper Saddle River, NJ, USA, 798, 2009.
[39] M.T. Hagan, H.B. Demuth, M.H. Beale, “Neural Network Design”, PWS Publishing: Boston, MA, USA, 1996.
[40] D. Marquardt, “An Algorithm for Least-Squares Estimation of Nonlinear Parameters”, SIAM J. Appl. Math.3: 11, pp. 431–441, 1963.
[41] M.T. Hagan, M. Menhaj, “Training feed-forward networks with the Marquardt algorithm”. IEEE Trans. Neural Netw. 5: pp. 989–993, 1994.
[42] J.E. Dennis, R.B. Schnabel, “Numerical Methods for Unconstrained Optimization and Nonlinear Equations”, Prentice-Hall: Englewood Clis, NJ, USA, 1983.
[43] D.J.C. MacKay, “Bayesian interpolation”, Neural Comput.4: pp. 415–447, 1992.
[44] Beale, M.H.; Hagan, M.T.; Demuth, H.B.Neural Network ToolboxUser’s Guide; TheMathWorks: Natick, MA,USA, 2010.
[45] GEO5. Geotechnical software. Fine – Civil Engineering Softwere. https://www.finesoftware.pl/.
[46] Statistica 13.3. TIBCO Software Inc. https://www.statsoft.pl/Czytelnia .
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Grzegorz Straż
1
ORCID: ORCID
Artur Borowiec
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Rzeszow University of Technology, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Architecture Civil Engineering, Powstańców Warszawy 12 Av., 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland

This page uses 'cookies'. Learn more