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Abstract

The possibility of producing chitosan by enzymatic deacetylation of chitin has been the subject of numerous investigations over the last twenty years, but to date no satisfactory method has been developed. In this paper the influence of chitin chain conformation and chitin particle crystallinity on the enzymatic deacetylation of chitin is investigated to determine the relative importance of these two factors on the process. It is shown that the high crystallinity of chitin is the main obstacle to converting chitin to chitosan by enzymatic deacetylation.

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Authors and Affiliations

Małgorzata M. Jaworska
George A.F. Roberts
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Abstract

The article discusses the option for the application of the methodology for the solution of boundary value problems on the conformal mapping for the calculation of filtration process in the horizontal systematic drainage, provided that the drain is installed at a different depth. In particular, the case of methods combining fictitious areas and quasiconformal mappings for solving nonlinear boundary conditions problems for calculating filtration regimes in soils with free sections of boundaries (depression curves) and intervals of the “drainage” type. As an example, the authors designed a hydrodynamic flow grid, determined the values of the flows to the drain, established a section line and elicited other process characteristics. The algorithm for the numerical solution of model nonlinear boundary conditions problems of quasiconformal reflection in areas bounded by two equipotential lines and two flow lines, when for one of the sections, the boundary is an unknown (free) curve with fixed and free ends. The conducted numerical calculations prove that the problems and algorithms of their numerical solution, with a relatively small iterations number (k = 141) suggested in the paper, can be applied in the simulation of nonlinear filtration processes that arise in horizontal drainage systems. Total filtration flow obtained Q = 0.9 dm3·s–1; flow for drains Q1 = 0.55 dm3·s–1 and Q2 = 0.35 dm3·s–1 are quite consistent with practically determined values.
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Authors and Affiliations

Volodymyr Havryliuk
1
ORCID: ORCID
Andrii Bomba
2
ORCID: ORCID
Oleg Pinchuk
2
ORCID: ORCID
Ievgenii Gerasimov
2
ORCID: ORCID
Serhii Klimov
2
ORCID: ORCID
Mykola Tkachuk
2
ORCID: ORCID
Vasyl Turcheniuk
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Rivne State University of Humanities, Rivne, Ukraine
  2. National University of Water and Environmental Engineering, Rivne, 11 Soborna St., 33028, Ukraine
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Abstract

This article presents the design of a miniaturized wearable patch antenna to be utilized for the body area network (BAN) applications. To reduce the size of the antenna a crown fractal geometry antenna design technique has been adopted, and which resulted in a size reduction of 26.85%. Further, the polyester cloth has been used as the substrate of the antenna to make the proposed antenna a flexible one, and suitable for wearable biomedical devices. The designed antenna functions for the 2.45 GHz ISM band and has the gain and bandwidth of 4.54 dB and 131 MHz respectively, covering the entire ISM band. The antenna characteristics like return loss (S11), directivity and radiation pattern have been simulated and analyzed. Specific absorption rate (SAR) and front to back ratio (FBR) of the proposed antenna at the human body tissue model (HBTM) in the planer and different bending conditions of the antenna have also simulated and analyzed, and the proposed antenna fulfils the desired design standards.
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Bibliography

[1] S. Sindhu, S. Vashisth and S. K. Chakarvati., “A review on wireless body area network (WBAN) for health monitoring system: Implementatioeen protocols,” Communications on Applied Electronics, vol. 4, no. 7, pp. 16-20, Mar. 2016. [2] A. Amsaveni, M. Bharathi and J. N. Swaminathan, "Design and performance analysis of low SAR hexagonal slot antenna using cotton substrate,” Microsystems Technologies, vol. 25, no.6, pp. 2273-2278, Jun. 2019. [3] F. N. Giman, P. J. Soh, M. F. Jamlos, H. Lago, A. A. Al-Hadi and M. A. N. Abdulaziz, “Conformal dual-band textile antenna with metasurface for WBAN application,” Applied Physics A, vol. 123, no. 1, pp. 32 (1-7), Jan. 2017. [4] N. F. M. Aun, P. J. Soh, M. F. Jamlos, H. Lago and A. A. Al-Hadi, “A wideband rectangular-ring textile antenna integrated with corner-notched artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) plane,” Applied Physics A, vol.123, no.1, pp. 19 (1-6), Jan. 2017. [5] B. S. Dhaliwal, S. S. Pattnaik, “BFO-ANN ensemble hybrid algorithm to design compact fractal antenna for rectenna system,” Neural Computing and Applications, vol. 28, no 1, pp. 917-928, Dec. 2017. [6] C. A. Balanis, “Antenna Theory: Analysis and Design,” 2nd ed., Singapore: Wiley, 2005. [7] J. G. Joshi, S. S. Pattnaik and S. Devi, “Metamaterial embedded wearable rectangular microstrip patch antenna,” International Journal of Antennas and Propagation, vol. 2012, pp. 1-9, Sep. 2012. [8] S. Roy and U. Chakraborty, “Metamaterial based dual wideband wearable antenna for wireless applications,” Wireless Personal Communications, vol. 106, no. 3, pp. 1117-1133, Jun. 2019. [9] E. Thangaselvi and K. Meena alias Jeyanthi, “Implementation of flexible denim nickel copper rip stop textile antenna for medical application,” Cluster Computing, vol.22, no. 1, pp. 635-645, Feb. 2018. [10] M. P. Joshi, J. G. Joshi and S. S. Pattnaik, “Hexagonal slotted wearable microstrip patch antenna for body area network, IEEE Pune Section International Conference, 18-20 Dec. 2019. [11] A. Amsaveni, M. Bharathi and J. N. Swaminathan, “Design and performance analysis of low SAR hexagonal slot antenna using cotton substrate,” Microsystem Technologies, vol. 25, no. 6, pp. 2273-2278, Jun. 2019. [12] E. A. Mohammad, A. Hasliza, H. A. Rahim, P. J. Soh, M. F. Jamlos, M. Abdulmalek and Y. S. Lee, “Dual-band circularly polarized textile antenna with split-ring slot for off-body 4G LTE and WLAN applications,” Applied Physics A, vol. 124, no. 8, pp. 568 (1-10), Aug. 2018. [13] M. E. Jalil., M. K. A. Rahim, N. A. Samsuri, R. Dewan and K. Kamardin, “Flexible ultra-wideband antenna incorporated with metamaterial structures: multiple notches for chipless RIFD application,” Applied Physics A, vol. 123, no. 1, pp. 48 (1-5), Jan. 2017. [14] P. J. Gogoi, S. Bhattacharyya and N. S. Bhattacharyya, “Linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) as flexible substrate for wrist and arm antennas in C-band,” Journal of Electronic Materials, vol. 44, no. 4, pp. 1071-1080, Apr. 2015. [15] M. N. Ramli., P. J. Soh, M. F. Jamlos, H. Lago., N. M. Aziz and A. A. Al-Hadi, “Dual-band wearable fluidic antenna with metasurface embedded in a PDMS substrate,” Applied Physics A, vol. 123, no. 2, pp. 149 (1-7), Feb. 2017. [16] http://www.fcc.gov/encylopedia/specific-absorption-rate-sar-cellulattelephones. [17] A. Y. I. Ashyap, Z. Z. Abidin, S. H. Dahlan, H. A. Majid, M. R. Kamarudin and A. A. Alhameed, “Robust low-profile electromagnetic band-gap- based on textile wearable antennas for medical application,” International workshop on Antenna Technology, Small Antennas, Innovative Structures, and Applications, Athens, Greece, 1-3 Mar. 2017.
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Authors and Affiliations

Vikas Jain
1
Balwinder Singh Dhaliwal
2

  1. Research Scholar of IK Gujral Punjab Technical University, Kapurthala, Punjab, India
  2. Faculty of Electronics & Communication Engineering Department, National Institute of Technical Teachers’ Training and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Abstract

The article deals with a phenomenon unique for Belarusian literature of the Soviet period: the dissident, non‐conformist work of Znich (Oleg Bembel). In the context of the history of Belarusian literature, the poet is known as the author of religious‐patriotic and spiritual‐meditative poems, many of which were created outside the walls of the monastery, where the poet has lived since 1996. The author of the article explores a little‐known page in the writer’s work: the early, dissident poetry of Oleg Bembel of the first half of the 1980s, which was distributed in manuscripts, samizdat, was published in the émigré press (newspaper and the “Belarus” publishing house). In terms of genre, these were mostly short epigrams and poems dedicated to the classics of Belarusian literature (Francis Bahushevich, Janka Kupala, Maxim Bahdanovich). Thematically the article is concerned with poems about the tragic situation of the Belarusian language, culture, science in the USSR, Russification and the decline of spirituality in an atheistic country. Attention is drawn to the artistic form of the poems, emphasized is their attachment to the intellectual and philosophical trends within modern Belarusian poetry.
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Authors and Affiliations

Siergiej Kowalow
1

  1. Lublin, Uniwersytet Marii Curie‑Skłodowskiej

Abstract

Professor Piotr Pierański, an outstanding Polish physicists, excellent researcher and brilliant lecturer, passed away on the 23rd February 2018. The article quotes some recollections of his numerous friends and coworkers wordwide.

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Abstract

Classical planning in Artificial Intelligence is a computationally expensive problem of finding a sequence of actions that transforms a given initial state of the problem to a desired goal situation. Lack of information about the initial state leads to conditional and conformant planning that is more difficult than classical one. A parallel plan is the plan in which some actions can be executed in parallel, usually leading to decrease of the plan execution time but increase of the difficulty of finding the plan. This paper is focused on three planning problems which are computationally difficult: conditional, conformant and parallel conformant. To avoid these difficulties a set of transformations to Linear Programming Problem (LPP), illustrated by examples, is proposed. The results show that solving LPP corresponding to the planning problem can be computationally easier than solving the planning problem by exploring the problem state space. The cost is that not always the LPP solution can be interpreted directly as a plan.
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Bibliography

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Authors and Affiliations

Adam Galuszka
1
Eryka Probierz
1

  1. Department of Automatic Control and Robotics, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 16, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland

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