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Analyzing and improving tools for supporting fighting against COVID-19 based on prediction models and contact tracing

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences | 2021 | 69 | 4 | e137414 | DOI: 10.24425/bpasts.2021.137414

Keywords COVID-19 prediction models contact tracing

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Abstract

In the paper, we are analyzing and proposing an improvement to current tools and solutions for supporting fighting with COVID-19. We analyzed the most popular anti-covid tools and COVID prediction models. We addressed issues of secure data collection, prediction accuracy based on COVID models. What is most important, we proposed a solution for improving the prediction and contract tracing element in these applications. The proof of concept solution to support the fight against a global pandemic is presented, and the future possibilities for its development are discussed.

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Authors and Affiliations

Martyna Gruda

Michal Kedziora

Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, ul. Wybrzeże Stanisława Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland

Extensions for Apple-Google exposure notification mechanism

Adam Bobowski Jacek Cichoń Mirosław Kutyłowski

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences | 2021 | 69 | 4 | e137126 | DOI: 10.24425/bpasts.2021.137126

Keywords contact tracing exposure notification privacy verifiability temporary exposure key rolling proximity identifier diagnosis key data sketch Jaccard similarity

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Abstract

We analyze the Google-Apple exposure notification mechanism designed by the Apple-Google consortium and deployed on a large number of Corona-warn apps. At the time of designing it, the most important issue was time-to-market and strict compliance with the privacy protection rules of GDPR. This resulted in a plain but elegant scheme with a high level of privacy protection. In this paper we go into details and propose some extensions of the original design addressing practical issues. Firstly, we point to the danger of a malicious cryptographic random number generator (CRNG) and resulting possibility of unrestricted user tracing. We propose an update that enables verification of unlinkability of pseudonymous identifiers directly by the user. Secondly, we show how to solve the problem of verifying the “same household” situation justifying exempts from distancing rules. We present a solution with MIN-sketches based on rolling proximity identifiers from the Apple-Google scheme. Thirdly, we examine the strategies for revealing temporary exposure keys. We have detected some unexpected phenomena regarding the number of keys for unbalanced binary trees of a small size. These observations may be used in case that the size of the lists of diagnosis keys has to be optimized.

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