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Rumination time as an indicator of stress in the first thirty days after calving

D. Malašauskienė M. Televičius V. Juozaitienė R. Antanaitis
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences | 2019 | vol.22 | No 2 | 363-368 | DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2019.129229
Keywords rumination time cortisol lactate cow
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Abstract

The objectives of this study were to examine the option of being able to use rumination time (RT) as a form of stress indicator in the first thirty days after calving, and to determine the rela- tionship between rumination time, blood cortisol levels, and lactate concentration levels in dairy cows during the first thirty days after calving.

Ninety cows which produced milk (DIM) within 1-30 days were selected and categorised into the following groups: the first group (1) fell within 1-7 days after parturition (dpp) (n=30); the second group (2) fell within 8-14dpp (n=30); and the third group (3) fell within 15-30dpp (n=30) after calving. The cows were milked using Lely Astronaut® A3 milking robots with free traffic. The blood samples were tested using the fluorescence enzyme immunoassay method for cortisol analysis. Lactate concentrations were tested with a Lactate Pro2 ®.

The RT increased during all of the exploratory periods (with readings between 1.12-4.90%). A decrease was also observed in the lactate levels (by 1.10 times) and cortisol levels (by 1.98 times, p<0.05) of cows which fell within the 8-14dpp group, when compared to an average of 1-7dpp in the previous study period (15-30dpp). However, lactate concentrations increased (by 1.84 times, p<0.05) as well as cortisol levels (by 2.09 times, p <0.01) when compared with a figure between 8-14 dpp on the average. The results obtained indicate that, RT increased during all exploratory periods, while a decrease by 1.10 times and 1.98 times was observed in lactate levels and cortisol levels, respectively. During the entire period of the study RT was positively correlated with the lactate concentration levels, and negatively correlated with cortisol levels. Within a period of 1-14 days, a negative correlation was determined with lactate levels along with a 15-30dpp-positive correlation coefficient. In conclusion, RT can be used as a kind of stress indicator for cows in the first thirty days after calving; however, further research is required to ascertain this conclusion.

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Authors and Affiliations

D. Malašauskienė
M. Televičius
V. Juozaitienė
R. Antanaitis

Effects of tocolytic drugs (isoxsuprine hydrochloride) during the implantation period in pregnant sheep

N.K. Akbulut Y. Kal
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences | 2022 | vol. 25 | No 4 | 557-560
Keywords isoxsuprine hydrochloride reproductive parameters progesterone cortisol calcium
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Abstract

In this study, the effects of isoxsuprine hydrochloride applied 14 and 15 days after insemination in Anatolian Merino Sheep on lamb yield and some blood parameters were investigated. The research was conducted during the breeding season and 54 ewes inseminated on the same day were used. The ewes were assigned to three groups. Group I: For the placebo effect, physiological saline was injected on the 14th day into half of the control group and on the 15th day into the other half after insemination (n=18). Group II: Tocolytic drug was injected on the 14th day after insemination (n=18). Grop III: Tocolytic drug was injected on the 15th day after insemination (n=18). As the tocolytic drug, isoxsuprine hydrochloride (HCl) 3 ml (Utelax, Sanovel, Türki̇ye) was used intramuscularly. The number of pregnant and viviparous ewes, single and multiple birth ewes, lambs per viviparous ewes were determined as reproductive parameters. Blood progesterone, cortisol and calcium concentration were determined. As a result, it was determined that the single application of isoxsuprine hydrochloride (3 ml) in the implantation period did not have a positive or negative effect on reproductive parameters, and did not change the blood progesterone, calcium and cortisol concentration in ewes.
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Authors and Affiliations

N.K. Akbulut
1
Y. Kal
1
  1. Bahri Dağdaş International Agricultural Research Intitute, Ereğli St. No 10Y Karatay / Konya, Türki̇ye

Relationship between maximum eye temperature and plasma cortisol concentration in racehorses during intensive training

M. Soroko K. Howell K. Dudek A. Waliczek P. Micek J. Flaga
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences | 2021 | vol. 24 | No 3 | 393-397 | DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2021.138730
Keywords racehorses stress eye temperature cortisol training
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Abstract

The aim of the study was to determine the utility of maximum eye temperature measured by infrared thermography (IRT) as a stress indicator compared with plasma cortisol concentration in Thoroughbred and Arabian racehorses. The study included thirty racehorses undergoing standard training for racing. Measurements of maximum eye temperature and blood collection for plasma cortisol concentration were carried out before training (BT), and within 5 (5AT) and 120 minutes (120AT) after the end of the each training session in three repetitions, with a monthly interval. Both parameters were elevated at 5AT compared to BT (p<0.001). Compared to BT, at 120AT the maximum eye temperature remained elevated (p<0.001) and plasma cortisol concentration decreased (p<0.001). The study indicated significant weak correlations (r=0.220; p<0.001) between both measurements at all time points. The results support the use of IRT technique to monitor the response of horses to stress, potentially improving animal management and welfare.
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Authors and Affiliations

M. Soroko
1
K. Howell
2
K. Dudek
3
A. Waliczek
4
P. Micek
4
J. Flaga
4
  1. Institute of Animal Breeding, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chelmonskiego 38C, 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland
  2. Microvascular Diagnostics, Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, Royal Free Hospital, Pond Street, London NW3 2QG, UK
  3. Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Wroclaw University of Technology, Lukasiewicza 7/9, 50-231 Wroclaw, Poland
  4. Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, and Fisheries, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Krakow, Poland

The stress response of Ragusano donkey (Equus asinus) to different semen collection techniques

E. Fazio A. Ferlazzo S. Cristarella P. Medica G. Marino M. Quartuccio
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences | 2017 | No 4 | DOI: 10.1515/pjvs-2017-0084
Keywords donkey semen collection techniques ACTH cortisol biochemical variables
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Authors and Affiliations

E. Fazio
A. Ferlazzo
S. Cristarella
P. Medica
G. Marino
M. Quartuccio

The effects of lack of movement in sows during pregnancy period on cortisol, acute phase proteins and lymphocytes proliferation level in piglets in early postnatal period

M. Kulok K. Wojtas M. Ciorga Z. Pejsak R. Kołacz
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences | 2021 | vol. 24 | No 1 | 85-92 | DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2021.136796
Keywords lack of movement gestation crates sows stress piglets cortisol acute phaseprotein immunity
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Abstract

Prolonged exposure to stress may cause adverse effects on animal physiology. It is especially important during the gestation period as female physiology can affect the unborn offspring in the form of prenatal stress. Intensive pig farming industry developed gestation crates that enable to keep sows during gestation period in small stalls which do not allow animals to move freely for a maximum of 4 weeks after successful insemination (Council Directive 2008/120/EC). Although these crates have production advantages, many health and welfare issues have been raised recently. In this study we tested to what extent the lack of movement of sows kept in the gestation crates had an impact on some blood and saliva constituents of new-born piglets. In total, the samples were collected from 80 piglets when they were 3, 7 and 21 days of age and tested for cortisol levels in blood and saliva, acute phase proteins (amyloid A, C-reactive protein, haptoglobin) and lymphocytes proliferation index (in response to ConA, PHA and PWM). 40 piglets were from sows kept in free movement housing (FM group) from day 1 to day 100 of pregnancy and forty piglets were from sows in the movement restriction group (MR), in which the sows were kept in crates just allowing them to stand up and lie down from day 1 to day 100 of the pregnancy (research was conducted before the implementation Directive 2008/120/EC i.e. January 1,2013). The results of the study showed that the piglets delivered by sows kept under movement restriction conditions exhibited higher cortisol and acute phase protein levels as well as a lower lymphocytes proliferation index. This suggests that lack of movement in sows during the gestation period influences piglets’ physiology and indicates that the piglets are suffering from prenatal stress caused by insufficient housing conditions of their mothers potentially leading to poor health and welfare of their offspring.
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Authors and Affiliations

M. Kulok
1
K. Wojtas
2
M. Ciorga
3
Z. Pejsak
4
R. Kołacz
3
  1. Veterinary Clinic, Lisiny 33, 63-604 Baranów, Poland
  2. Compassion in World Farming International, River Court, Mill Lane, Godalming, Surrey GU7 1EZ, United Kingdom
  3. Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Gagarina 11, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
  4. University Centre of Veterinary Medicine, Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Kraków, Poland

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