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Comparison of Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters of Cucumis Sativus and Mentha Piperita Leaves Exposed to Short-Term UV-B Irradiation

Elżbieta Skórska
Acta Biologica Cracoviensia s. Botanica | 2011 | vol. 53 | No 1 | DOI: 10.2478/v10182-011-0002-7
Keywords cucumber primary photosynthesis reactions peppermint ultraviolet-B
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Abstract

Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. cv. Dar) leaves exposed to UV-B irradiation at a biologically effective dose of 9.5 kJ m-2d-1 showed decreased chlorophyll fluorescence parameter values versus the control; in peppermint (Mentha piperita L. cv. Asia) leaves those values were almost unchanged after treatment. Fv/Fo and Rfd were reduced more than other values, indicating inhibition of the oxygen-evolving complex and cooperation between the light and dark photosynthesis reactions as the primary targets of UV-B. The photosynthetic electron transport rate showed less change directly after irradiation, but after 24 h of recovery it was reduced to 50% of the control. Generally, photosystem II of peppermint leaves appeared more tolerant to the applied UV-B radiation than in cucumber leaves.

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Authors and Affiliations

Elżbieta Skórska

Assessment of Mechanical Properties of Fresh Fruit and Brine Pickles Obtained from Selected Varieties of Field Cucumber, Depending on the Chemical Composition of Brine, Duration of Pickling and Additional Starting Cultures

Józef Gorzelany Dagmara Migut Natalia Matłok Piotr Kuźnar
Teka Commission of Motorization and Power Industry in Agriculture | 2016 | vol. 16 | No 4
Keywords field cucumber pickling peel and flesh puncture strength water contents
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Abstract

Monitoring of the mechanical properties of fruit obtained from cucumber plants is extremely important because of their use in processing, since these properties are reflected by the finished products of processing. Mechanical defects produced at the time of harvesting, during transport and at the specific stages of processing may adversely affect the course of technological processing (brine and vinegar pickling), resulting in spoilt preserves no longer useful for commercial purposes. The study was designed to identify selected mechanical properties in fresh and pickled fruit obtained from field cucumbers during spontaneous fermentation and fermentation promoted by selected lactic bacteria cultures. Additionally, water contents were measured in fresh cucumbers. The findings show significant differences between the analysed parameters.
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Authors and Affiliations

Józef Gorzelany
Dagmara Migut
Natalia Matłok
Piotr Kuźnar

New fungi causing postharvest spoilage of cucumber fruits and their molecular characterization in Egypt

El Sayed Hussein Ziedan Abd El-Nasser Abd El-Hafez Khattab Ahmed Farahat Sahab
Journal of Plant Protection Research | 2018 | vol. 58 | No 4 | 362–371 | DOI: 10.24425/jppr.2018.124650
Keywords cucumber fruit rot fungi internal transcribed spacer (ITS) molecular characterization
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Abstract

This work was carried out during two successive seasons (2016 and 2017) on cucumber fruits from a plastic greenhouse and from open field cultivation in El Gharbeia and El Giza Governorates, Egypt. Isolation trials from spoilage fruit samples of plastic greenhouse cultivation recorded high frequency of Alternaria tenusinium, Fusarium spp. and Pleospora alli. The most common fungi of rotten cucumber fruits from an open field were Galactomyces spp. and Fusarium spp. Pathogenicity tests proved that, Fusarium solani from El-Gharbeia followed by A. tenusinium from El-Giza were the most frequent isolates responsible for rot of cucumber fruits from plastic greenhouse cultivation. Moreover, the most frequent isolates causing postharvest disease of cucumber fruits of the open field were Galactomyces candidium from El-Giza followed by Geotrichum sp. and F. fujikuroi from El-Gharbeia Governorates, respectively. This is the first report of several fungi causing postharvest fruit rot disease of cucumber i.e., G. candidium, Geotrichum sp., A. tenusinium, P. alli and Fusarium spp. (F. fujikuroi, F. verticiolides, F. solani, F. geraminearium and Fusarium incarnatum). Fungal isolates were identified according to cultural, morphological and molecular characterization based on sequencing of internal transcribed spacer1 (ITS1). All the ITS nucleotide sequences of fungi were applied and conserved in GenBank.

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Authors and Affiliations

El Sayed Hussein Ziedan
Abd El-Nasser Abd El-Hafez Khattab
Ahmed Farahat Sahab

Molecular characterization of Cucumber mosaic virus sub group IB infecting Cavendish banana plants in Ethiopia

Yohanis Kebede Shahana Majumder
Journal of Plant Protection Research | 2021 | vol. 61 | No 4 | 392-401 | DOI: 10.24425/jppr.2021.139249
Keywords Cucumber mosaic virus CMV detection in silco analysis 1a protein
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Abstract

Banana is the major fruit crop produced in Ethiopia. Since Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) is one of the most devastating plant viruses infecting banana, the present study was undertaken to survey and identify CMV strains infecting banana plants in Ethiopia. Dot immune-binding assay (DIBA) and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) revealed the presence of CMV in all of the symptomatic samples tested. The results of sequence and phylogenetic analysis revealed that the isolate under study was a CMV isolate from the IB subgroup. Multiple sequence alignment revealed a three nucleotide sequence variation that could be used to distinguish CMV subgroups. Selection pressure analysis showed the CMV-RNA1 region undergoing positive selection pressure. Tajima`s test of neutrality revealed a positive value of 0.86468 indicating CMV population contraction. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report and molecular characterization of CMV IB subgroup isolate infecting banana plants in Ethiopia.
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Authors and Affiliations

Yohanis Kebede
1
Shahana Majumder
2
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Department of Biotechnology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
  2. Department of Botany, Mahatma Gandhi Central University, Bihar, India

Effect of Cucumber mosaic virus infection on aphid colony development on aphid colony development

Wikum Harshana Jayasinghe Athuruliye Liyana Arachchige Romesh Ruwan Thanuja Dineesha Nipuni Balagalla
Journal of Plant Protection Research | 2022 | vol. 62 | No 1 | 107-111 | DOI: 10.24425/jppr.2022.140302
Keywords Cucumber mosaic virus growth jasmonic acid Myzus persicae reproduction
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Abstract

Knowing the tritrophic interactions between plant-virus-insect is important in developing sustainable pest management practices. Myzus persicae is a well-known plant viral vector which can transmit over 40 plant viruses. We studied the impact of Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) infection in Nicotiana tabacum on the colony development of M. persicae to understand how plant virus infection can affect vector growth and reproduction. Aphid growth, reproduction and fecundity were significantly affected by the virus infection. The mean relative growth rate of M. persicae on healthy plants was 0.29 mg–1 · mg–1 · day–1 and was significantly higher than that of CMV-infected plants (0.23 mg–1 · mg–1 · day–1). In contrast, the percentage of survival was significantly higher on CMV-infected plants. The estimated survival percentages of aphids at 20 days after introduction to CMV-infected and healthy plants were 55.8 and 25.8%, respectively. Therefore, the total population of aphids on CMVinfected plants was significantly higher on the 25th day after the introduction of aphids. The total population of aphids on the CMV-infected plants was 1,225 compared to that of healthy plants which was 713. Similarly, mean fecundity over a 30 day observation period was 61.25 and 35.65 for aphids grown on CMV-infected and healthy plants, respectively. Jasmonic acid (JA) upstream gene OPR3 and downstream gene COI1 was measured to quantify the changes in JA expression in the plants under the virus infection. Both genes tested were significantly downregulated in CMV-infected plants. From our results, it was evident that the JA related insect resistance was reduced in CMV-infected plants and hence aphid colony development was increased.
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Authors and Affiliations

Wikum Harshana Jayasinghe
1
Athuruliye Liyana Arachchige Romesh Ruwan Thanuja
2
Dineesha Nipuni Balagalla
3
  1. Department of Agricultural Biology, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
  2. Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of North Carolina, Greensboro, United States
  3. Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan

First record od Tomato black ring virus (TBRV) in the natural infection of Cucumis sativus in Poland

Henryk Pospieszny Magdalena Jończyk Natasza Borodynko
Journal of Plant Protection Research | 2003 | vol. 43 | No 1 | 11-18
Keywords cucumber TBRV serology immunocapture RT-PCR satellite RNA
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Abstract

From the naturally infected cucumber plane spherical virus was isolated that mainly on basis of its serological properties has been identified as Tomato black ring virus (TBRV). Using antiserum against TBRV-ED for the specific crapping of virus followed by PCR test (immunocapture-RT-PCR) allowed co distinguish TBRV from related viruses, especially Beet ringspot virus (BRSV). Presence of as many as rwo satellite RNAs should be found as a unique feature of the cucumber isolace.
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Authors and Affiliations

Henryk Pospieszny
Magdalena Jończyk
Natasza Borodynko

Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase Under Combined Effects of Enhanced UV-B Radiation and Allelopathy Stress

Anna Jóźwiak-Żurek Monika Kozłowska Katarzyna Nuc
Acta Biologica Cracoviensia s. Botanica | 2011 | vol. 53 | No 2 | DOI: 10.2478/v10182-011-0027-y
Keywords Phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) UV-B radiation ferulic acid stress combinations cucumber
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Abstract

This study examined the effects of UV-B radiation and allelochemical stress induced by ferulic acid (FA) on the activity of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL; EC 4.3.1.5) at metabolic and molecular levels in two cucumber genotypes differing in tolerance to cold and disease, in order to determine any interaction between stress effects and genotype response. Stresses were applied simultaneously, sequentially, and singly. In both genotypes, several days of UV radiation retarded growth up to 36%. The effect of FA was not significant. The response to a particular stress, including the effect on PAL activation, was enhanced by simultaneous application of the two stresses. PAL transcription was not correlated with the increase of PAL activity. Exposure to UV-B, FA, and combined UV-B and FA was detrimental to both genotypes but to different extents. The response was not correlated with the genotype of cold and disease sensitivity. PAL activity and its transcription seem to be involved in UV and allelochemical stress, but not related to the plants' tolerance of these stresses.

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Authors and Affiliations

Anna Jóźwiak-Żurek
Monika Kozłowska
Katarzyna Nuc

Biocontrol of Sphaerotheca fuliginea, the causal agent of powdery mildew of cucumber by using aqueous extracts from five traditional Egyptian medicinal plants

Zakaria Awad Baka
Journal of Plant Protection Research | 2023 | vol. 63 | No 1 | 39-49 | DOI: 10.24425/jppr.2023.144500
Keywords cucumber defense enzymes fungal plant diseases induced resistance medicinal plants phenolic compounds
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Abstract

The goal of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of aqueous extracts from five traditional Egyptian medicinal plants in preventing Sphaerotheca fuliginea’s powdery mildew disease, which affects cucumber plants. Aqueous extracts from each of the examined plants suppressed the pathogen’s conidia germination in vitro. In trials using detached leaves and greenhouses, these extracts lessened the severity of the disease. Compared to other plant extracts, Curcuma longa rhizome extract showed the greatest potency against the pathogen. The aqueous extract of Curcuma longa showed the largest improvement in disease suppression compared to the control in the greenhouse experiment. The results showed that total phenol and associated defense enzyme levels (POD and PPO) were elevated by plant extracts from all studied plants. These findings might suggest that total phenol and associated defense enzymes strengthen the cucumber’s resistance to the disease. The C. longa extract had more total phenol than the extracts from the other plants. The phenolic components in the C. longa rhizome extract were varied, and these variations were detected and quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The content of curcumin (3220.8 μg · g –1 dry weight) was the highest. In comparison to the control, the foliar application of the C. longa extract considerably increased the cucumber fruit yield and its constituent parts. This is the first time, to my knowledge, that the C. longa rhizome extract has been utilized to improve cucumber plants’ production and its constituent parts. The pathogen appeared as small colonies with fewer mycelia and immature conidia in the treated cucumber leaves with 20% of C. longa rhizome extract according to an examination by SEM. Overall, the results indicated that the extract of C. longa rhizome, was a promising, effective, and environmentally friendly management measure against powdery mildew disease of cucumbers, and thus could be used in the production of organically grown vegetables.
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Authors and Affiliations

Zakaria Awad Baka
1
  1. Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Damietta, New Damietta, Egypt

Early detection of phosphorus deficiency stress in cucumber at the cellular level using chlorophyll fluorescence signals

Leszek Sieczko Piotr Dąbrowski Katarzyna Kowalczyk Janina Gajc-Wolska Wojciech Borucki Monika Janaszek-Mańkowska Waldemar Kowalczyk Domenica Farci Hazem M. Kalaji
Journal of Water and Land Development | 2022 | Special Issue | 176-186 | DOI: 10.24425/jwld.2022.143734
Keywords abiotic stress chlorophyll fluorescence cucumber JIP test multi-dimensional statistical analyses photosynthesis
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Abstract

Abiotic stressors contribute to growth restriction and developmental disorders in plants. Early detection of the first signs of changes in plant functioning is very important. The objective of this study was to identify chlorophyll fluorescence parameters that change under phosphorus deficiency stress in cucumber. In this work, a trail to study the early changes caused by phosphorus deficiency in cucumber plants by analysing their photosynthetic performance is presented. Chlorophyll- a fluorescence (ChF) parameters were measured every 7 days for a period of 28 days. Measurements were made separately on young and old leaves and on cucumber fruit. Parameters that decreased during the stress were: p2G, PI abs, PI total, REo/CS o, and TRo/CSo. P deficiency decreased total electron carriers per RC ( ECo/RC), yields ( TRo/ABS ( Fv/Fm), ETo/TRo, REo/ETo, ETo/ABS and REo/ABS), fluxes ( REo/RC and REo/CSo) and fractional reduction of PSI end electron acceptors, and damaged all photochemical and non-photochemical redox reactions. Principal component analysis revealed a group of ChF parameters that may indicate early phosphorus deficiency in cucumber plants. Our results are used in the discovery of sensitive bioindicators of phosphorus deficiency in cucumber plants. Most JIP test parameters are linked to mathematical equations, so we recommend using of advanced statistical tools, such as principal component analysis, which should be considered very useful for stress identification. It has also been shown to be more effective in multivariate methods compared to univariate statistical methods was demonstrated.
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Authors and Affiliations

Leszek Sieczko
1
ORCID: ORCID
Piotr Dąbrowski
2
ORCID: ORCID
Katarzyna Kowalczyk
3
ORCID: ORCID
Janina Gajc-Wolska
3
ORCID: ORCID
Wojciech Borucki
4
ORCID: ORCID
Monika Janaszek-Mańkowska
5
ORCID: ORCID
Waldemar Kowalczyk
6
ORCID: ORCID
Domenica Farci
7
Hazem M. Kalaji
7
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Department of Biometry, Institute of Agriculture, 166 Nowoursynowska St., 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
  2. Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Department of Environmental Management, Institute of Environmental Engineering, Poland
  3. Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Department of Vegetable and Medicinal Plants, Institute of Horticultural Sciences, Poland
  4. Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Department of Botany, Institute of Biology, Poland
  5. Warsaw University of Life – SGGW, Department of Fundamentals of Engineering and Power Engineering, Institute of Mechanical Engineering, Poland
  6. The National Institute of Horticultural Research, Skierniewice, Poland
  7. Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Biology, Poland

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