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Clinical study on the application of dexamethasone and cyclosporine/dimethyl sulfoxide combination eye drops in the initial therapy of chronic superficial keratitis in dogs

I. Balicki M. Szadkowski A. Balicka J. Zwolska
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences | 2021 | vol. 24 | No 3 | 415-423 | DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2021.138733
Keywords chronic superficial keratitis German Shepherd cyclosporine DMSO
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Abstract

Purpose: To assess the initial therapy of chronic superficial keratitis (CSK) in dogs with the use of dexamethasone and cyclosporine/ dimethyl sulfoxide combination eye drops.
Methods: The study was conducted on 41 dogs – 16 males and 25 females, aged 2 to 9 years, diagnosed with CSK. The disease was treated with two kinds of eye drops containing 0.1% dexamethasone and 0.75% cyclosporine in combination with 30% DMSO, administered three times a day. Prior to the treatment and after 5 weeks of therapy, depigmentation of the third eyelid margin, corneal neovascularization and pigmentation were assessed. The percentage of the corneal surface afflicted with inflammatory processes was calculated with the use of IsoCalc.com’s Get Area software for CorelDRAW12.
Results: The administered therapy resulted in a significant decrease in the mean number of quadrants affected by corneal neovascularization in the right eye from 2.63 prior to treatment to 0.24 after treatment (p<0.001), and the left eye from 2.66 to 0.59 (p<0.001), respectively. Mean corneal surface afflicted with inflammatory processes was statistically significantly reduced from 53.5% to 26.3% (p<0.001) in the case of right corneas, and from 54.5% to 30.2% (p<0.001) in the case of left corneas. Of 77 corneas diagnosed with pigmentation, pigmentation reduction was observed in 54 and pigmentation increase in 27.
Conclusions: Using dexamethasone and cyclosporine/DMSO combination eye drops proved to be a viable initial therapy against CSK, which facilitates reduction of inflammatory processes and neovascularization atrophy, but in many cases does not inhibit the progress of pigmentation.
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Bibliography


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Authors and Affiliations

I. Balicki
1
M. Szadkowski
1
A. Balicka
2
J. Zwolska
1
  1. Department and Clinic of Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Poland
  2. Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Slovakia

Comparative evaluation of single and combined efficacy of dipyridamole, ketotifen and quercetin on cyclosporine induced hepatorenal toxicity

B. Dik T.M. Parlak O. Tufan F.B. Ozgur A. Er
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences | 2023 | vol. 26 | No 4 | 549-557 | DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2023.148275
Keywords hepatorenal toxicity cyclosporine ketotifen dipyridamole quercetin
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Abstract

Cyclosporine is an immunosuppressive drug that is used to prevent tissue rejection in organ transplants and to treat autoimmune diseases such as psoriasis and rheumatoid arthritis. It has important toxic effects in many organs such as the liver and kidney. The aim of this study was to determine and compare the effectiveness of the single and combined treatment of dipyridamole, which is a vasodilator and has an antioxidant effect, ketotifen which is toll-like receptor-4 inhibitory and has an antioxidant effect, quercetin which is an antioxidant and has an anti-inflammatory effect in cyclosporine-induced hepatorenal toxicity. Forty-eight Wistar Albino rats were divided into 7 groups. The research period was 21 days. The cyclosporine increased serum ALT and AST levels, in contrast to their increased levels prevented by all the treatments. The serum creatinine level decreased significantly with ketotifen and combined treatment, while cyclosporine partially increased serum creatinine and urea levels. The urine microalbumin and protein levels were increased significantly by cyclosporine, whereas they decreased with dipyridamole treatment. The protein levels decreased by quercetin and combined treatments. The kidney injury molecule- 1 and retinol-binding protein levels were increased by the cyclosporine, while ketotifen treatment partially decreased them. In conclusion, ketotifen and dipyridamole can prevent cyclosporine- induced hepatorenal toxicity and quercetin can increase the effectiveness of this treatment.
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Authors and Affiliations

B. Dik
1
T.M. Parlak
1
O. Tufan
1
F.B. Ozgur
2
A. Er
1
  1. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Selcuk University, Ardicli Neighborhood, 42130, Konya, Turkey
  2. Harran University, Birecik Vocational School, Laboratory and Veterinary Health Program, Karsiyaka Neighborhood, Prof. Dr. İbrahim Halil MUTLU Avenue, 63400, Sanliurfa, Turkey

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