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Abstract

The results of research of nitrate concentration and loads in the Strzcgomka River have been presented. The researches were carried out in two sampling points: on the inflow and outflow or Dobromierz reservoir. Nitrate concentrations and loads have been described. The influence or reservoir on water quality of the Strzegomka River has been characterised. Great seasonal trends of analysed indicators have been indicated. The influence of improper use of organic fertiliser on the Strzegomka River water quality and eutrophication of Dobromierz reservoir has been pointed out.
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Authors and Affiliations

Krzysztof Lejcuś
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Abstract

The content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in water and sediments of the Blachownia

reservoir (South Poland) was investigated. Spatial variability of PAH concentrations in the longitudinal profi le of the

tank was determined. PAHs in samples were determined by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometric

detection (GC-MS QP-2010 Plus Shimadzu) using an internal standard. Concentrations ranged from 0.103 μg/L to

2.667 μg/L (Σ16 PAHs) in water samples and from 2.329 mg/kg d.w. to 9.078 mg/kg d.w. (Σ16 PAHs) in sediment

samples. A pollution balance was calculated and it was estimated that the infl ow load was 17.70 kg PAHs during

the year and the outfl ow load was 9.30 kg PAHs per year. Accumulation of about 50% of the annual PAH loads

(8.90 kg) is a threat to the ecological condition of the ecosystem. It was calculated that the PAH loads in bottom

sediment were about 80 kg, which limits their economic use. Improvement of the ecological status of this type of

reservoir can be achieved by removing the sediment. Analysis of the diagnostic ratios obtained for selected PAHs

showed that the potential sources of PAH emissions in small agricultural – forest catchments can be combustion

of a coal, wood, plant material (low emission, forest fi res, burning grass, etc.). Transportation is also signifi cant.

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Authors and Affiliations

Maciej Kostecki
Izabela Jureczko
Alina Pohl
Marianna Czaplicka
Bartosz Łozowski
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Abstract

Sediments of two dam reservoirs in SE Poland, Zalew Zemborzycki (ZZ) and Brody Iłżeckie (BI) were studied. The sediments from both reservoirs were sampled in the transects perpendicular to the shoreline, at the river inflow and the frontal dam. The total concentration of Mn, Zn, Pb, Cd, Cu, Cr and Ni was determined by ICP-EAS method after the sample digestion in the mixture of concentrated HNO3 and HClO4 acids. The statistical analyses: value intervals, mean values, variation coefficient, the median and the skewed distribution were performed. To estimate differences between the means for transects, Tukey’s test was applied with least significant difference (LSD) determination. The maps of the metal spatial distribution were drawn and sediment quality according to the geochemical and ecotoxicological criteria evaluated. Differences between the reservoirs in terms of heavy metals concentration in bottom sediments, and regularities in their spatial distribution were found. In the ZZ sediments the concentration was at the level of geochemical background (Zn, Cr), slightly (Cd, Cu, Ni) or moderately (Pb) contaminated sediments. The metal concentration in the sediments of the BI was up to eight times higher as compared to the ZZ. Moreover, sediments from the BI reservoir showed a greater variability of metal concentration than those from ZZ, which resulted from the dredging operation performed in the part of the reservoir. Metal concentration in sediments of the dredged part was ca. 2–5 times lower than in the undredged one, which indicates that after the dredging operation, accumulation of these metals was slight. The concentrations of Zn, Pb and Cd from the undredged part of BI were at the level of contaminated sediments and exceeded the probable effects level (PEL). In the ZZ, the greatest accumulation of metals occurred in the upper part of the reservoir and at the frontal dam, and the lowest in the middle part of the reservoir. In BI, the lower outflow of water in this reservoir caused a lower metal concentration in the sediments at the frontal dam, as compared with the other sediments in the undredged part of the reservoir. The results indicate that in small and shallow reservoirs, areas of accumulation of heavy metals depend on such factors as a parent river current, reservoir depth, water waving, reservoir shape (narrowing, coves/bays), and type of water outflow.

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Authors and Affiliations

Halina Smal
Sławomir Ligęza
Anna Wójcikowska-Kapusta
Stanisław Baran
Danuta Urban
Radomir Obroślak
Artur Pawłowski
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Abstract

The aim of the present study was to examine changes in species composition and density of ciliates in an adjacent river, ccotone and reservoir zone (Zemborzycki Reservoir, Eastern Poland). Quality and quantity structure of planktonie ciliates showed visible differences between studied zones; the highest species diversity and abundance were observed in the ecotone (water/water). The lowest species diversity and abundance were noted in the Bystrzyca River. Independent on the zone, ciliates community was dominated by bacterivorous species with the lowest proportions of algivorous tax a. The present study showed that density of protozooplankton rose with the increase of nutrients delivery and TOC concentration in water.
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Authors and Affiliations

Tomasz Mieczan
ORCID: ORCID
Monika Tarkowska-Kukuryk
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Abstract

Physicochemical parameters of water and phytoplankton composition were studied in the dirnictic, submountain Dobczyce Reservoir (southern Poland) affected by summer storrnflow, which took place in September 2007. During summer (except September) temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, and carbonates showed vertical differentiation. Stormwater flow through the system had a destabilizing effect on summer stratification. It diluted the concentrations of salts (sulphate and chloride) and slightly increased the concentration of nutrients in the reservoir. In phytoplankton some changes in the dominant species among the Cyanobacteria group were noted.
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Authors and Affiliations

Ewa Szarek-Gwiazda
Grażyna Mazurkiewicz-Boroń
Elżbieta Wilk-Woźniak
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Abstract

In the study we have focused on the distribution of several metals (Cr, As, Pb) and anions (Cr, NO3-) and their partition between pore (interstitial) waters and sediments sampled at three stations at the Dobczyce Reservoir which supplies the drinking water to inhabitants from the city of Kraków and its agglomeration. The results show considerable increase in concentrations of Pb and As in pore water samples, when compared to the bottom waters. Meaningful alternations in concentration were observed in case of pore water samples (Pb, As) and sediments (Cr, Pb, As), coming from three stations and their lateral sections. The possible relations between this phenomenon and the sediment characteristic as well as the Fe and Ca content, has been studied. Some comments on the seasonal variations of anion contents in water and pore water samples, are also provided. It was found that nitrates and sulphates show considerable variations.
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Authors and Affiliations

Mariusz Macherzyński
ORCID: ORCID
Witold Reczyński
J. Sanecki
Jerzy Górecki
Janusz Gołaś
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Abstract

Variability of stress proteins concentration in caged carp exposed to transplantation experiment model dam reservoir was caused only by natural (climatic and biological) conditions. Thus, the reference data of stress proteins concentration range in young carp individuals were obtained. Metallothionein, HSP70 and HSP90 protein concentrations as biomarkers were assayed in the livers, gills and muscles of six-month-old (summer) or nine-month-old (autumn) carp individuals in relation to the site of encaging, season (summer or autumn), the term of sampling (1, 2 or 3 weeks after the transplantation) and tissue. Physicochemical analyses of the condition of water as well as pollution detection were conducted during each stage of the experiment. As the result of this study, the range of the variability of the stress protein concentration in young carp individuals was obtained. According to the analyses of the aquatic conditions of a reservoir with no detectable pollutants, we conclude that the variability in the stress protein concentration levels in the groups that were compared is solely the result of the natural conditions. Future regular monitoring of the reservoir using the transplantation method and young carp individuals will be both possible and reliable. Moreover, the range of variability in the stress protein concentrations that were measured in the young C. carpio individuals acquired from the model dam reservoir in relation to all of the studied factors may be applied in the monitoring of any other similar reservoir.
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Authors and Affiliations

Agnieszka Babczyńska
1
Monika Tarnawska
1
Piotr Łaszczyca
1
ORCID: ORCID
Paweł Migula
1
Bartosz Łozowski
1
Andrzej Woźnica
1
Ilgiz Irnazarow
2
ORCID: ORCID
Maria Augustyniak
1

  1. Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland
  2. Institute of Ichtyobiology and Aquaculture in Gołysz, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland
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Abstract

Multi-purpose reservoirs play an important role in satisfying demands for water supply, irrigation, hydropower, drinking water, flood protection, recreation, navigation, and other purposes. At the same time, they can often have considerable negative impacts on the environment and local biodiversity that remain largely unseen. These “dirty secrets” include sediment deposition, cyanobacteria blooms, and greenhouse gas emissions.

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Authors and Affiliations

Silke Wieprecht
The CHARM-Team
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Abstract

Ecotoxicological biotests were applied in order to evaluate their suitability as early warning systems in the continuous monitoring of lowland shallow dam reservoirs located in Central Europe. The following biotests were used: Daphtoxkit F™magna, Algaltoxkit F™, Ostracodtoxkit F, Phytotoxkit and MARA Test. The experiment was conducted from July 2010 to December 2012 in Goczalkowice Reservoir (the Vistula River, Poland), serving as a model. For the analysis, 41 out of 52 measured water indices were used to assess its toxicity to living organisms. The results of biotests were correlated with 41 hydrochemical indices of water quality. The pattern of relationships among the result of biotest and hydrochemical indices as well as Factor Analysis (FA) and Primary Component Analysis (PCA) revealed that: i) signs of ecotoxicity detected with biotests were associated with either low fl ow periods or spring surface runoff of water; ii) single events of increased ecotoxicity in the depression areas behind saddle dam pump stations appearedafter high fl ow periods; iii) elevated toxicity was accompanied by high concentrations of dissolved and suspended substances; iv) FA and PCA demonstrated correlations among the results of biotests and damming parameters, water conductivity, alkali and transitory metal metals (Ca, Fe, Cu, Zn), and several forms of nitrogen phosphorous and carbon compounds concentration. The relationships suggest that batteries of biotests may serve as a cost-eff ective tool for continuous monitoring of water quality in dam reservoirs and can detect eff ects of extreme hydrologic events, local toxic discharges, and signs of the trophic status of the reservoirs
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Authors and Affiliations

Piotr Łaszczyca
1
ORCID: ORCID
Mirosław Nakonieczny
2
ORCID: ORCID
Maciej Kostecki
3
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Retired university professor, University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland
  2. University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland
  3. Institute of Environmental Engineering Polish Academy of Sciences, Zabrze, Poland
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Abstract

Dam construction is one of the measures that is inevitable in many cases and must be done to supply drinking water, agricultural uses and electricity generation. There are many challenges to a successful dam project, and the managers of each project must consider the appropriate solutions for them. One of the studies that is done in dam design is sedimentation in dam reservoirs. The experimental area-reduction method is a very common technique that obtains the sediment distribution in depth and longitudinal profile. This technique shows that sediment accumulation is not limited to the bottom reservoirs. Sediment accumulation in a reservoir is usually distributed below the top of the protection reservoir or normal water level. In this study, the distribution of sediment in the reservoir of Karun Dam after a period of 65 years has been done using the experimental area-reduction method. Elevation–volume and elevation–area curves of the dam reservoir are obtained after the useful life of the dam and sediment deposition. The results showed that after 65 years, 106.47·10 6 m 3 of sediment is deposited in the reservoir of the dam and the useful volume of the reservoir is significantly reduced. Also, up to a height of 36.4 m, the dam reservoir is filled with sediment. Therefore, no valve should be placed up to this height.
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Authors and Affiliations

Rakhmat Yusuf
1
ORCID: ORCID
Aan Komariah
1
ORCID: ORCID
Dedy Achmad Kurniady
1
ORCID: ORCID
Mardiani Mardiani
1
ORCID: ORCID
Jumintono Jumintono
2
ORCID: ORCID
Khaldoon T. Falih
3
ORCID: ORCID
Oleg V. Kabanov
4
ORCID: ORCID
Surendar Aravindhan
5
ORCID: ORCID
Mustafa Mohammed Kadhim
6
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Department of Civil Engineering, Jl. Dr. Setiabudi No. 229, Isola, Kec. Sukasari, Bandung, Jawa Barat 40154, Indonesia
  2. Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Faculty of Technical and Vocational Education, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia
  3. Al-Ayen University, Scientific Research Center, New Era and Development in Civil Engineering Research Group, Dhi-Qar, Iraq
  4. National Research Ogarev Mordovia State University, Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Republic of Mordovia, Saransk, Russia
  5. Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, Chennai, India
  6. Al-Kut University College, School of Science and Engineering, Kut, Wasit, Iraq

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