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‘The Vile Eastern European’: Ideology of Deportability in the Brexit Media Discourse

Agnieszka Radziwinowiczówna Aleksandra Galasińska
Central and Eastern European Migration Review | 2021 | vol. 10 | No 1 : Unwanted Citizens of EU Member States and Their Forced Returns within the European Union | 75-93
Keywords Brexit discourse analysis EU deportations sovereignty ideology of deportability
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Abstract

Pre-Brexit media discourse in the UK focused extensively on the end of free movement, the governance of European mobility, and its relationship with state sovereignty. This article, methodologically anchored in Critical Discourse Analysis, discusses how the potential post-Brexit deportee, namely the ‘Vile Eastern Eu-ropean’, is depicted by the leading pro-Leave British press. The Vile Eastern European is juxtaposed with a minority of hard-working and tax-paying migrants from the continent, as well as with unjustly deported Windrush and Commonwealth migrants. As the newspapers explain, the UK has not been able to deport the Vile Eastern European because of the EU free movement rights. The press links the UK’s inability to remove the unwanted citizens of EU countries with its lack of sovereignty, suggesting that only new im-migration regulations will permit this deportation and make the UK sovereign again. The article con-cludes that the media discourse reproduces and co-produces the UK ideology of deportability that has been the basis for the EU Settlement Scheme and new immigration regulations.
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Authors and Affiliations

Agnieszka Radziwinowiczówna
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Aleksandra Galasińska
2
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Centre of Migration Research, University of Warsaw, Poland
  2. University of Wolverhampton, UK

The 1944 Deportation in Russian‑language Chechen and Ingush literature. Introduction to Research on Memory and Oblivion in Fiction and Non‑fiction

Joanna Kula
Slavia Orientalis | 2021 | vol. LXX | No 3 | 523-537 | DOI: 10.24425/slo.2021.138191
Keywords memory history deportation Caucasus trauma
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Abstract

One of the most important problems of contemporary humanities is the issue of memory and the discourse around the concept of trauma. The last is the experience of two North Caucasian nations, the Ingush and the Chechens, who were deported to Kazakhstan in 1944 on Stalin’s orders. The purpose of this article is to expose the way made by Chechen and Ingush literature from an arbitrarily imposed oblivion to an attempt to dismantle the institutionalized memory of these events. Books belonging to the canon of Russian literature (e.g. the novel The Inseparable Twins (1987) by Anatoly Pristavkin or the “novel‑idyll” A Gloom is Cast Upon the Ancient Steps (2000) by Alexander Chudakov) provide merely the background to the study. The main subject of the researcher’s interest are works written by less known Chechen and Ingush authors (Said Chakhkiyev, Gabatsu Lokaev, Yusup Chakhkiyev and Issa Kodzoyev). The fiction and non‑fiction both reveal a post‑traumatic syndrome and a victim narrative. The article presents a number of examples showing how the subject of deportation appeared in literature and how psychological memory was dominated by the compulsion of memory. The author’s attention is also directed to the practices of censoring the past and using memory for current political purposes.
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Bibliography

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Avtorkhanov A. (Uralov A.), Narodoubiystvo v SSSR. Ubiystvo chechenskogo naroda, München 1952.

Chakhkiyev S., Zolotyye stolby, perev. G. Rusakov, Nalʹchik 1994.

Chakhkiyev Yu., Golos iz ada, perev. A. Bazorkina, Nazranʹ 2004.

Czudakow A., Zabrali nam Rosję… Powieść‑idylla, przeł. A. Czendlik, Warszawa 2016.

Gilëva E., K voprosu o dokumentalʹnosti russkoyazychnoy prozy I.A. Kodzoyeva, „Vestnik Buryatskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Pedagogika. Filologiya. Filosofiya” 2017, № 6.

Halbwachs M., Les Cadres sociaux de la mémoire, Paris 1925.

Isakiyeva Z., Pravovoye polozheniye chechentsev, deportirovannykh v tsentralʹnyy Kazakhstan v 1940‑e gg., „Gramota” 2016, № 6 (68), ch. 2.

Jachina G., Zulejka otwiera oczy, przeł. H. Chłystowski, Warszawa 2017.

Kadyrov pozvolil provesti traurnyye meropriyatiya v godovshchinu deportatsii, [v:] https://www.kavkaz‑uzel.eu/articles/332118/.

Kak Kadyrov 23 fevralya ustroil iz pominok prazdnik, [v:] https://www.kavkaz‑uzel.eu/articles/298148/.

Kodzoyev I., Kazakhstanskiy dnevnik, [v:] Ego zhe, Nad bezdnoy, Nazranʹ 2010.

Kodzoyev I., Obval, Nazranʹ 2010. Lokayev G., Spetspereselentsy, Groznyy 2006.

Nora P., Między pamięcią a historią: Les lieux de Memoire, „Tytuł Roboczy: Archiwum” 2009, nr 2.

Pristavkin A., Nochevala tuchka zolotaya, Moskva 2015.

Rakhayev Dzh., Analiziruya travmu: Istoriografiya deportatsii karachayevtsev i balkartsev kak forma kulʹturnoy pamyati, „Lyudi i teksty. Istoricheskiy alʹmanakh” 2014.

Ricoeur P., Pamięć, historia, zapomnienie, przeł. J. Margański, Kraków 2006.

Solzhenitsyn A., Arkhipelag GULag, t. 1, Paris 1973.

Szpociński A., Miejsca pamięci ((lieux de mémoire), „Teksty Drugie” 2008, nr 4.

Tak eto bylo. Natsionalʹnyye repressii v SSSR. 1919‑1952 gody. Khudozhestvenno-‑dokumentalʹnyy sbornik v 3‑kh tomakh, sost. S. Aliyeva, Moskva 1993.

Tochiyeva Kh., Daliyeva E., Roman „Obval” Issy Kodzoyeva. Spetsifika abrechestva v usloviyakh deportatsii, „Izvestiya chechenskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta” 2007, № 1.

Zawisko T., Czeczenia: demontaż pamięci, „Nowa Europa Wschodnia” 2014, nr 1.
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Authors and Affiliations

Joanna Kula
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Uniwersytet Wrocławski

In the Pursuit of Justice: (Ab)Use of the European Arrest Warrant in the Polish Criminal Justice System

Witold Klaus Justyna Włodarczyk-Madejska Dominik Wzorek
Central and Eastern European Migration Review | 2021 | vol. 10 | No 1 : Unwanted Citizens of EU Member States and Their Forced Returns within the European Union | 95-117
Keywords European Arrest Warrant deportation criminal justice membership
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Abstract

Poland is the leading country in pursuing its own citizens under the European Arrest Warrant (EAW), with the number of EAWs issued between 2005 and 2013 representing one third of the warrants issued by all EU countries (although some serious inconsistencies between Polish and Eurostat sta-tistical data can be observed). The data show that Poland overuses this instrument by issuing EAWs in minor cases, sometimes even for petty crimes. However, even though this phenomenon is so wide-spread, it has attracted very little academic interest thus far. This paper fills that gap. The authors scrutinise the topic against its legal, theoretical and statistical backdrop. Based on their findings, a theoretical perspective is drawn up to consider what the term ‘justice’ actually means and which activities of the criminal justice system could be called ‘just’ and which go beyond this term. The main question to answer is: Should every crime be pursued (even a petty one) and every person face pun-ishment – even after years have passed and a successful and law-abiding life has been building in another country? Or should some restrictions be introduced to the law to prevent the abuse of justice?
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Authors and Affiliations

Witold Klaus
1
ORCID: ORCID
Justyna Włodarczyk-Madejska
1
ORCID: ORCID
Dominik Wzorek
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Institute of Law Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland

The Removal of EU Nationals: An Unaccounted Dimension of the European Deportation Apparatus

José A. Brandariz
Central and Eastern European Migration Review | 2021 | vol. 10 | No 1 : Unwanted Citizens of EU Member States and Their Forced Returns within the European Union | 13-33
Keywords deportation studies EU citizens’ legal regime deportation of EU nationals EU enlargement crimmigration
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Abstract

In contrast to the apparently stringent EU legal regime, the deportation of EU nationals is a law enforcement device widely normalised in many European countries. Concerning deportation prac-tices, the allegedly critical divide between EU citizens and third-country nationals does not seem to make much sense in practice for some – Eastern European – national groups. Initially, this paper explores the scope and scale of this increasingly salient component of the EU deportation system, by drawing on data supplied by national databases. Additionally, it examines why and how the depor-tation of EU nationals has gained traction across the European borderscape, a phenomenon that has much to do with rampant xeno-racist attitudes, widespread concerns over so-called ‘criminal aliens’ and, last but not at all least, the street-level management of poor populations and low-profile public order issues. Finally, this paper scrutinises the strength of institutional inertias in the management of enduringly subordinated – and racialised – Eastern European populations.
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Authors and Affiliations

José A. Brandariz
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. University of A Coruna, Spain

The Forced Returns of Polish Citizens: Cross-Border Transfers on the Polish–German Border in the Context of the Discretionary Powers of the Border Guards

Maryla Klajn
Central and Eastern European Migration Review | 2021 | vol. 10 | No 1 : Unwanted Citizens of EU Member States and Their Forced Returns within the European Union | 119-142
Keywords Poland Germany intra-Schengen deportation forced returns cross-border transfers removal of EU nationals Border Guard discretion decision-making deportability
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Abstract

The Schengen area tends to be commonly misconstrued in the public perception as being ‘border-free’, defined by the unrestrained mobility of people, goods and capital. In reality the so-called ‘internal borders’ are still marked by a fervour of activities, conducted by the various national state agencies created for the purpose of territorial protection. Identity and migration checks – which often strikingly resemble pre-Schengen border checks – special crime-prevention tasks and transnational operations of police-type forces, detention and the unrelenting transfers of asylum-seekers and forced returns of illegalised mi-grants (also of EU nationals) are only a few among the many responsibilities of the various border-guard formations. This paper, based on data from fieldwork with the street-level Polish Border Guards working in the Intra-Schengen border region on the Polish–German border, analyses the impact of different levels of institutional discretion: official, local and individual, with a particular focus on the officers’ behaviour and decision-making and on the role of discretion within the policy implementation of a specific proce-dure. Analysing the phenomenon of the forced returns (deportations) of EU nationals within the Schengen area, this paper exposes the nature of the little-known practice of cross-border transfers. It focuses on the phenomenon of a forced return of Polish citizens from Germany, specifically on the micro-level moment of transfer of custody between the German Federal Police (Bundespolizei) into the hands of the Polish Border Guards (Straż Graniczna) on the Polish–German border, looking at the procedural variations and the decision-making of the officers, especially in the context of its street-level echelon and its practical contribution to the concept of deportability.
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Authors and Affiliations

Maryla Klajn
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Leiden University, the Netherlands

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