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Number of results: 22
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Abstract

The questionnaire presented here was designed to collect linguistic data in Gozitan dialects, which are classified as rural dialects of the Maltese language. It consists of three parts: lexical, phonological and morphological. Since a particular feature of the Gozitan dialects are pausal forms involving diphthongisation of etymologically long vowels ( and ), attention is directed towards contextual as well as pausal data acquisition. In the morphological part, the issues concerning verbs are mainly expanded, while in the phonological part, those concerning the realisation of vowels. With minor modifications, the questionnaire can also be used to conduct field research on dialects of the island of Malta.
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Authors and Affiliations

Maciej Klimiuk
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Heidelberg University
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Abstract

The present paper investigates agreement patterns with plural controllers in Fezzani Arabic (southwestern Libya). During the last three decades, research has proved that the agreement system found in Classical Arabic is the result of a process of standardization, while agreement in the dialects feature the same type of variation observed in pre-Islamic poetry and the Qur’an. Nonhuman plural controllers, in particular, strictly require feminine singular agreement in Classical Arabic, while feminine singular alternates with feminine plural agreement in the pre-Islamic texts and the Qur’an. Most contemporary dialects exhibit a great range of variation in this field. Fezzani Arabic largely favors plural (syntactic) agreement with plural controllers. Syntactic agreement is systematic with human controllers and it represents the most frequent choice also with nonhuman ones. The main factor triggering feminine singular agreement is not humanness, bu t individuation. Within this conservative syntactic behavior, finally, masculine plural seems to be eroding feminine plural agreement with both feminine human and nonhuman controllers, for sociolinguistic reasons that still need to be investigated.
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Authors and Affiliations

D’Anna Luca
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Abstract

Tunisian Arabic, in addition to words inherited and borrowed from Arabic, has a considerable number of loanwords taken from such languages as Berber, Spanish, Italian, Turkish, French, and English. The main purpose of this paper is the inquiry into the words of French origin, since it is from French that Tunisian Arabic has borrowed a considerable amount of loanwords, a process that continues especially in the fields of technology, medicine, and internet communication. Although French loanwords have already been subjected to various and even detailed investigations, it does not seem that this problem has been sufficiently elucidated, in particular from a theoretical point of view. Several proposals for different approaches to French loanwords in Tunisian are offered here for consideration.
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Authors and Affiliations

Jamila Oueslati
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
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Abstract

A subject of the paper Substantive Declension in Slavic Linguistic Atlas is based on an extensive field research of the Dialects of all Slavic languages. The territory of the research is delimited by the international Slavistic project Slavic Linguistic Atlas the database of which is formed by answers to 3400 questions within 853 localities of the overall Slavic territory. However, not all the forms of all the substantive paradigms are presented, but only the selected representative phenomena testifying to the natural constitutive processes of the national languages in connection with the phonetic changes proving the specifi c character of the linguistic development under the infl uence of a genetically homogeneous or heterogeneous environment and testifying to linguistic changes as results of intercultural, interlingual and probably also inter-confessional infl uences. The final part of the publication is oriented upon the constitutive processes of substantive declination in the Slavic macro-areas (South-Slavic, West-Slavic, and East-Slavic – and within them also in the particular Slavic languages) from the point of view of “otherness” and “foreignness”, i.e. from the point of view of the original and non-original grammatical endings in the particular declension types. The genuine basis of the transgression from the original domestic elements to the new ones gets manifested not only within the adaptation processes of the lexical level, but its basis is hidden in the long-term stabilization processes, in systemic changes by which the inner structure of the language, the area of the distribution of changes, and their impact upon the typological substance of the language are modified. By its interpretative character, the paper The Interpretation of Substantive Declension in Slavic Languages aims at integrating the genetic, areal as well as typological aspects of the investigated domain.

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Authors and Affiliations

Pavol Žigo
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Abstract

The text discusses words occurring in the Polish-East Slavic borderlands and prevalent in eastern Polish dialects. Differntiation between old references and loans in this area is not always easy. The material presented here is very diverse. In the case of certain words, identifying them as East Slavic loans with an indisputable source is possible, while in the case of others it is difficult to identify the direct source of the loan. Among the words recorded in the East Slavic borderlands we can find those whose range in Polish dialects seems to indicate the possibility of Ruthenian influence; however, their Polish phonetic form implies their native origin and one should speak about an old reference in this respect. We also encounter Pan-Slavic words, where a doubt arises as to whether they are loans or old references in Polish in the East Slavic area and Eastern Poland.

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Authors and Affiliations

Dorota Krystyna Rembiszewska
ORCID: ORCID
Janusz Siatkowski
ORCID: ORCID
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Abstract

This review deals with a comprehensive publication on the role of trees in the folk tradition of Slavs. The author of the review appreciates the interdisciplinary focus of the book, which is based on deep knowledge in the field of folklore, Slavonic dialectology and etymology. She also highly values the extremely rich material (folklore, ethnographic and linguistic).
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Bibliography

Agapkina T.A., 2000, Etnograficheskiye svyazi kalendarnykh pesen. Vstrecha vesny v obryadakh i fol'klore vostochnykh slavyan, Moskva.
Agapkina T.A., 2002, Mifopoeticheskiye osnovy slavyanskogo narodnogo kalendarya. Vesenne‑letniy tsikl, Moskva.
Agapkina T.A., 2010, Vostochnoslavyanskiye lechebnyye zagovory v sravnitel'nom osveshchenii: Syuzhetika i obraz mira, Moskva.
Agapkina T.A., 2019, Derev'ya v slavianskoy narodnoy traditsii: Ocherki, Moskva.
Akhtarov B., 1939, Materiali za balgarski botanichen rechnik, Sofia. Kott F.Š., 1878, Česko‑německý slovník zvláště grammaticko‑fraseologický, t. 1, Praha.
Machek V., 1954, Česká a slovenská jména rostlin, Praha.
Marzell H., 1977, Wörterbuch der deutschen Pflanzennamen, sv. 3, Stuttgart ;Wiesbaden.
Polívka F., 1902, Názorná květena zemí koruny české, sv. 4, Olomouc.
SlDrev, 1995–2012 = Slavyanskiye drevnosti. Etnolingvisticheskiy slovar', ed. N.I. Tolstoy, vol. 1–5, Moskva.
SlMif, 2002 = Slavyanskaya mifologiya. Entsiklopedicheskiy slovar', ed. S.M. Tolstaya, Moskva.
SRNG, 1965– = Slovar' russkikh narodnykh govorov, sostavil (z II t. gl. red.) F.P. Filin (F.P. Sorokoletov, S.A. Myznikov), Moskva ; Leningrad/Sankt‑Peterburg.
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Authors and Affiliations

Ilona Janyšková
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Etymologické oddělení Ústavu pro jazyk český, Akademie věd České republiky, Brno
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Abstract

This article presents the essential information about the Polish language variety in Stubno, a village located about 20 km north-east of Przemyśl, close to the border with Ukraine. Until 1945, the village was inhabited by Poles, Ukrainians and Jews. A significant part of the paper is devoted to some passages authored by one M.W,. a woman who lived in Stubno in 1924-2004 and kept records in her personal journals from 1981 and until her death. In this case, her parents were Poles, but maternal grandparents were of Ukrainian descent. The author of the analysed texts received primary education only, worked on a farm and raised children and never left the village for long periods of time. Also, the notes contain a number of information concerning mostly farming and significant events of both the country’s and the world’s history. In addition, the texts include a language commentary on the most important phonetic, morphologic, word-formation, syntactic and lexical features of the local variety that occurred in the records. Furthermore, the notes provide answers to some questions about regional features of the Southern Kresy (present-day Ukraine) as reflected in the language of native inhabitants including the extent of the influence of Ukrainian, together with its local variety of the Nadsannia region.

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Authors and Affiliations

Katarzyna Dzierżawin
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Abstract

To study language contact in the Polish-East Slavic borderland, we employ extensive subdialect records from atlases, dictionaries, monographic studies, and various file collections. Significantly, however, all of the above lack historical information about the words they contain. Such data can be obtained by using local names and by taking into account all pan-Slavic references. Such comparisons justify the conclusion that historically many of the presented names extended far further westward than is indicated by typically used materials, mainly from the 20th century, though much less frequently from the second half of the 19th century. This sheds new light on the problem of whether the names in question are loan words, naturally older than had previously been thought, or rather relics of former regional convergence, covering the broad Polish-Russian language borderland, and constituting the Mazovian-Russian community.

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Authors and Affiliations

Dorota Krystyna Rembiszewska
ORCID: ORCID
Janusz Siatkowski
ORCID: ORCID
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Abstract

The article discusses selected dialect lexis from the Polish questionnaires for the German Language Atlas from Masuria, Warmia and the Neighbouring Areas, then in Eastern Prussia. The 19th‑century records are a valuable source for the study of dialect lexis, offering a comparative basis for inquiries into the contemporary state of dialects in the area under study. The text analyses words that, according to the authors, bring interesting data to the collection of dialect lexis or confirm occurrence in the area under study. These are words meaning ‘many’, ‘peasant, man’, ‘those, others’, and ‘to crush, knead, squeeze, press, strangle’. The text is supplemented by a compilation of source material for the appended map, illustrating the equivalents of German Andern.
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Authors and Affiliations

Dorota Krystyna Rembiszewska
1
ORCID: ORCID
Janusz Siatkowski
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Instytut Slawistyki Polskiej Akademii Nauk, Warszawa
  2. Uniwersytet Warszawski, Warszawa
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Abstract

The article attempts to differentiate, on the basis of selected words recorded in the Polish-East Slavic borderland, whether we are dealing with language loans or old references. The analysis takes into account e.g. ethymological, morphological and geographical criteria. The study focuses on the following words: cot ‘an even number’, czapigi, czepigi ‘plough handle’, had ‘an abominable animal’ and hydzić się ‘loathe’, ‘abhor’, ‘denigrate’, kosiec ‘scyther’, liszka ‘an odd number’, liszny/liszni ‘superfluous’, ‘supernumerary’, przewiąsło ‘a straw belt to tie sheaths siewiec ‘sower’, śloza ‘tear’, żeniec ‘harvester’, żenich, żeniuch ‘bridegroom’, ‘fiancé’, żnieja ‘female harvester’. Recognition as borrowings may be based on those word forms where phonetic elements characteristic of other languages, unknown in Polish, occur. Analysis of certain words has revealed the occurrence of Proto-Slavic and all- -Slavic words, preserved in the Polish language as relics, in peripheral areas. In some cases, it is difficult to make clear-cut decisions, because, for example, the stem of the word is a continuation of the Proto-Slavic forms, to be found in the Polish language, while the derivatives are borrowings.

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Authors and Affiliations

Dorota Krystyna Rembiszewska
ORCID: ORCID
Janusz Siatkowski
ORCID: ORCID
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Abstract

Pavol Żigo’s work, which opens the development of morphological maps in the OLA team, is worthy of the highest praise. It offers an interpretation of selected maps concerning declination of nouns, accompanied by detailed theoretical considerations of the process of changes in the declination system in Slavic languages. Drawing on extensive dialectal records, the Atlas offers an excellent overview of the complex development of declination of nouns in Slavic languages. This publication may serve as a model for further studies in this field.

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Authors and Affiliations

Janusz Siatkowski
ORCID: ORCID
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Abstract

This article analyzes an unusual document in the Arabic dialect of the marshlands of southern Iraq. Written by a Jewish Iraqi poet, who arrived in Israel from the city of ʿAmāra in the late 1940s, this document consists of two monologues, each repeated twice: first in Hebrew letters and then again in Arabic script. While the writer evidently spoke a qǝltu dialect as his mother tongue, the monologues demonstrate the gilit dialect of the southern Iraqi marshes, and include several idiosyncrasies of that region. The document thus provides linguistic evidence from a dialect area so far documented only partially and insufficiently. We have been able to identify significant differences between the Arabic and Hebrew versions, which led us to view the former as a more reliable attestation of the linguistic reality of the Iraqi marshlands, and the latter as a version produced at a later stage. The writer’s intention was apparently to demonstrate the close inter-communal relations between the Jews of southern Iraq and the Marsh Arabs, yet his attempt to reproduce a text in the marshland’s dialect reveals a more complex picture: While the marshland gilit dialect was known to the qǝltu speakers of the area, the shift between the varieties remained challenging, as is often the case in co-territorial communal dialects.
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Authors and Affiliations

Ori Shachmon
1
ORCID: ORCID
Peleg Gottdiner
1

  1. The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
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Abstract

Although some Gulf varieties, such as Emirati Arabic, varieties have been gaining more attention in recent years, further investigation and resources need to be made available to the scientific community. The aim of this article is to offer the Gulf Arabic studies a contribution by presenting a selection of texts in the spoken varieties of Dubai, Sharjah and Ajman, which were recorded between 2015 and 2017, during fieldworks in the United Arab Emirates. The speakers are young women between the age of 21 and 31 and the topics regard the Emirati heritage, in order to add cultural value to the linguistic subject. The transcribed texts can provide further bases for comparison in the Emirati Arabic studies.
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Authors and Affiliations

Najla Kalach
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. UNINT University
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Abstract

The text discusses the question of Polish and Eastern Slavic origin of the words: (h)uzer, uzior ‘lower part of a sheaf of corn’, huzica ‘bird's rump’, huzno ‘bird's rump’. The relic forms of words * gǫzyrь, * gǫzerь with a nasal vowel can be found in the dialects of Southern Borderlands and in Chełm region. In this area they were originally shared by Polish and Ruthenian languages. Forms containing u: * guzуrь, * guzerь appearing in the Polish language should be ascribed to the mutual impact of Ruthenian languages, even though they may have been originally Polish, too. The influence of the Ruthenian language is evident in the commonplace h‑ (< g) in word‑initial position, e.g. huzno, huzica, huzer, huzir, etc., as well as in infrequent shift towards u̯ and v, e.g. u̯uźor, u̯uźoro, vuźur. The occasional g in Eastern Slavic vernacular languages of the Białystok region – guzerye, due to the opaque formation, does not seem a manifestation of phonetic Polonization.
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Authors and Affiliations

Dorota Krystyna Rembiszewska
1
ORCID: ORCID
Janusz Siatkowski
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. The Institute of Slavic Studies of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warszawa, Poland
  2. University of Warsaw, Institute of Western and Southern Slavic Studies, Warszawa, Poland (em.)
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Abstract

The article is a successive part of the considerations on language contacts in relation to lexis. Analysed are words characteristic of the Polish‑Eastern Slavic borderland, where it is difficult to unequivocally decide whether they are borrowings, references, or examples of the shared Slavic heritage. The following names were interpreted in this respect: binduga ‘a place by the river where wood is deposited for floating, rafts are made and launched’, chaszcze ‘thicket, bushes, scrub’, chudoba ‘livestock’, chusta ‘a sheet of linen or other clothing fabric’, chusty ‘linen (to be washed)’; chołosznie ‘trousers’, kołosza, chołosza ‘trouser leg’, łukno and ustaw ‘vessels for honey storage’ and at the same time ‘units of measurement of honey’, miękiny ‘chaff’, miękuszka ‘bread pupl’; nawleczka, nawłoka, nawłoczka ‘pillowcase, duvet cover’, ‘furniture cover’; niewiasta, niewiastka ‘daughter‑in‑law’, żmykać ‘hand‑wash’. A detailed tracing of the geography, development of individual forms, directions of the inflow of words discussed in the text shows the multiplicity of ways in which individual lexical items penetrate borderland dialect systems. The most interesting examples are those in which the same development outcome is triggered by completely different phonetic processes.
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Authors and Affiliations

Dorota Krystyna Rembiszewska
1
ORCID: ORCID
Janusz Siatkowski
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Instytut Slawistyki Polskiej Akademii Nauk, Warszawa
  2. Uniwersytet Warszawski, Warszawa
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Abstract

This article analyzes the common Slavic linguistic atlas maps (OLA). Assessing the preliminary results of the OLA project, the author focused her attention on the new linguistic geography data given in the Atlas, and the evolution of some units and Proto-Slavic dialect differentiation of Slavia.

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Authors and Affiliations

Татьяна И. Вендина
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Abstract

This article deals with the study of Gulf Arabic. By the means of the Qatari Arabic Corpus elaborated by Elmahdy et al. (2014), the aim of this study is investigating a number of selected verbal prefixes and the active participle gāʕid ‘sitting’ as a progressive aspect marker in Qatari Arabic, a relatively under researched variety in the field of Arabic Dialectology. A descriptive and quantitative approach in the data collection was adopted and the validation process, throughout the whole corpus which consists of 15 hours of speech flow, provided over 600 manually-selected tokens of verbal prefixes and active participles as progressive aspect markers whose main forms and functions were discussed in the paper.
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Authors and Affiliations

Najla Kalach
1
ORCID: ORCID
Muntasir Fayez Al-Hamad
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. UNINT University, Italy
  2. Qatar University, Qatar
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Abstract

Folklore plays a crucial role in the preservation of the local heritage, and it can provide valuable information regarding cultural and religious norms, language, and environment of that people. The folktale is one of the many forms of folklore and it represents the product of the individual traditional heritage that originates from a population’s collective cultural imagination and background. In the Arabian Gulf societies, the oral tradition of storytelling has been prominent for a very long time and it has somehow been preserved until fairly recent times. The folktale belongs to the Emirati intangible cultural heritage, and it constitutes a deeply rooted element related to Bedouin tribal clans and to the desertic and maritime environments which characterised the territory. The United Arab Emirates is very attentive to the conservation of their heritage, both at national and international levels. This study provides a socio-cultural and linguistic analysis of the Emirati folktale, based on a sample of three stories from Al-Ain, written in Emirati Arabic, which share a common feature: the wickedness of wives.
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Authors and Affiliations

Najla Kalach
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. University of International Studies of Rome, Italy
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Abstract

Maciej Rak's book is a very reliable and well‑structured study, based on unknown manuscripts by Jan Karłowicz, found in 2017 in the Scientific Archive of the Polish Academy of Sciences (AN PAN) and the Archive of the Polish Academy of Learning (PAU) in Kraków. An in‑depth analysis of Karłowicz's archives, i.e. the files of Lexicon of Polish Dialects [ Słownik gwar polskich], Lexicon of Polish Mythology [ Słownik mitologii polskiej] and the Little Lexicon of Lithuanian Mythology [ Słowniczek mitologii litewskiej], carried out on the broad comparative background, allows us to take a broader look at the scholar's achievements in the field of Polish dialectology as well as at his pioneering role in developing the concept of an ethnolinguistic lexicon. The reviewed study shows Karłowicz as a researcher who perfectly understands the linguistic and cultural realities of the former Grand Duchy of Lithuania and Lithuanian aspirations to construct their own identity, separate from the Polish one.
The monograph Jan Karłowicz in the Light of Archival Materials restores this nineteenth‑century researcher with broad humanistic horizons to his proper place and rank in the history of science, not only in linguistics. It provides accurate arguments for re‑evaluating a very critical review of the Lexicon of Polish Dialects, published by Kazimierz Nitsch in 1911. For a long time, this criticism had had a very negative impact on the general assessment of Karłowicz's output by other linguists. All the more, we need to appreciate Maciej Rak's insightful attempt of breaking the aforementioned negative opinion and providing new interpretation of Karłowicz's unpublished works, that can be seen as a valuable heritage of the culture created during the period of Partitions of Poland.
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Bibliography

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Kempiński A. M., 1993, Słownik mitologii ludów europejskich, Poznań.
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Mikulėnienė D., 2018, Lietuvių tarmėtyra: genezė, raida ir paradigminiai lūžiai. I dalis: Ikitarmėtyrinis laikotarpis. Lietuvių tarmėtyros pradžia: tarmių skyrimas, tyrimų perspektyvų užuomazgos ir jų tipai, Vilnius.
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SD = Slavyanskiye drevnosti. Etnolingvisticheskiy slovar’, red. N.I. Tolstoy, t. 1: A (Avgust) – G (Gus’), 1995; t. 2: D (Davat’) – K (Kroški), 1999; t. 3: K (Krug) – P (Perepelka), 2004; t. 4: P (Pereprava cherez vodu) – S (Sito), 2009; t. 5: S (Skazka) – Ya (Yashcherica), 2012, Moskva.
SGP = Karłowicz J., Słownik gwar polskich, t. 1–6 (t. 4–6 do druku przygotował J. Łoś), Kraków 1900–1911.
SM = Slavyanskaya mifologiya. Enciklopedicheskiy slovar’, red. S.M. Tolstaya, 2 izd., Moskva 2002.
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WEPI = Wielka encyklopedia powszechna ilustrowana, red. J. Aleksandrowicz, t. 1–55, Warszawa 1890–1914.
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Authors and Affiliations

Zofia Sawaniewska‑Mochowa
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Instytut Slawistyki Polskiej Akademii Nauk, Warszawa

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