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Abstract

Optimization of dialysis needs methods for quantitative assessment of fluid and solutes transport in body compartments and solute

and fluid exchange between body and dialysate. A mathematical model describing the dynamics of these quantities during dialysis is presented. This model is first and foremost based on the existing models, but also includes some new solutions. All parts were combined and extended by the detailed descriptions of selected aspects. The “virtual patient” model was applied to simulate and test different methods of treatment and their influence on the condition of the patient. The purpose of this model is to serve as a decision support system for selection of “optimal” treatment options for particular patient.

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Authors and Affiliations

M. Gałach
A. Weryński
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Abstract

A number of inorganic compounds, including anions such as nitrate(V), chlorate(VII), bromate (V),

arsenate(III) and (V), borate and fluoride as well as metals forming anions under certain conditions, have been

found in potentially harmful concentrations in numerous water sources. The maximum allowed levels of these

compounds in drinking water set by the WHO and a number of countries are very low (in the range of µg/l to a

few mg/l), thus the majority of them can be referred to as charged micropollutants. Several common treatment

technologies which are nowadays used for removal of inorganic contaminants from natural water supplies, represent serious exploitation problems. Membrane processes such as reverse osmosis (RO), nanofiltration (NF),

ultrafiltration (UF) and microfiltration (MF) in hybrid systems, Donnan dialysis (DD) and electrodialysis (ED)

as well as membrane bioreactors (MBR), if properly selected, offer the advantage of producing high quality

drinking water without inorganic anions.

I

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Authors and Affiliations

M. Bodzek
K. Konieczny

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