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Abstract

The present study investigates the 2D numerical analogies to the changes of the droplet shapes during the freefall for a wide range of droplet sizes through the stagnation air. The freefall velocity, shape change due to frictional force during free-fall is studied for different considered cases. With the elapse of time, a droplet with a larger initial diameter is changing its original shape more compared to droplets with a smaller diameter. In addition, the spreading of the droplet during the freefall seems more rapid for the larger-diameter droplet. When a droplet with an initial diameter of 15 mm starts to fall with gravitational force, the diameter ratio is decreasing for droplets with higher density and surface tension while droplets having lower density and surface tension show a diameter ratio greater than one. The spreading and splashing of the droplet on a solid surface and liquid storage at the time of impact are much influenced by the freefall memories of the droplet during the freefall from a certain height. These freefall memories are influenced by the fluid properties, drag force, and the freefall height. However, these freefall memories eventually regulate the deformation of the droplet during the freefall.
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Authors and Affiliations

Abid Hasan Rafi
1
ORCID: ORCID
Mohammad Rejaul Haque
1
ORCID: ORCID
Dewan Hasan Ahmed
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Department of Mechanical and Production Engineering, Ahsanullah University of Science and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Abstract

The main goal of today’s car designers is to minimize fuel consumption in all possible ways at the same time maintaining the vehicle’s performance as usual. The goal of this work is to study the effect of adding a vortex generator (VG) on the aerodynamics of the vehicle and fuel economy. Both theoretical and experimental works were carried out and the outcomes of the numerical simulations are contrasted with those of the experimental results. A utility vehicle model with a scale ratio of 1:15 was used as a test model. Experimental research has been done on the fluctuation of the coefficient of pressure, dynamic pressure, and coefficients of lift and drag with and without VG on the roof of a utility vehicle. The delta-shaped VG was put to the test both numerically and experimentally. At a velocity of 2.42 m/s, it is observed that the addition of VG can raise the pressure coefficient by about 17%. When compared to the vehicle model without vortex generators, the velocity profile of the ccomputational fluid dynamics analysis shows that at the back end of the vehicle, the wake has been minimized with VG.
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Authors and Affiliations

Ramesh Kumar Chidambaram
1
Rajesh Kanna
2
Poomanandan Gopal
3
Senthil Kumar Arumugam
4

  1. Vellore Institute of Technology, Automotive Research Centre, Vellore – 632014, India
  2. Vellore Institute of Technology, CO2 Research and Green Technologies Center, Vellore – 632014, India
  3. Anna University, Department of Automobile Engineering, BIT Campus, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, India
  4. VIT Bhopal University, Bhopal, 466114, India
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Abstract

This paper concerns the analytical investigation of the axisymmetric and steady flow of incompressible couple stress fluid through a rigid sphere embedded in a porous medium. In the porous region, the flow field is governed by Brinkman's equation. Here we consider uniform flow at a distance from the sphere. The boundary conditions applied on the surface of the sphere are the slip condition and zero couple stress. Analytical solution of the problem in the terms of stream function is presented by modified Bessel functions. The drag experienced by an incompressible couple stress fluid on the sphere within the porous medium is calculated. The effects of the slip parameter, the couple stress parameter, and permeability on the drag are represented graphically. Special cases of viscous flow through a sphere are obtained and the results are compared with earlier published results.
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Authors and Affiliations

Krishna Prasad Madasu
1
ORCID: ORCID
Priya Sarkar
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Department of Mathematics, National Institute of Technology, Raipur-492010, Chhattisgarh, India

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