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Accompanying a dying person by the family. End of life ethics

Edmund Kowalski

Studia Nauk Teologicznych PAN | 2021 | Tom 16 | 233-249 | DOI: 10.31743/snt.12412

Keywords end-of-life ethics Kübler-Ross death health workers dying

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Abstract

The object of the article is the “dying process” of a dear one, as lived by himself, his family, and the medical personnel, and as described and analyzed by the psychologist Elisabeth Kübler-Ross. First, the patient’s reactions to death were presented: denial and isolation, anger and rebellion, bargaining, depression, and acceptance. The next part describes the reactions of the family in the face of the prospect of death: the stage of rejection and isolation, the stage of anger and rebellion, the stage of compromise and making pacts, the stage of experiencing depression, and the stage of acceptance. At the end of our reflection, we indicated the essential elements of an “end of life ethics”, which would permit us to approach, in a more conscious and responsible manner, “our” mysterium mortis at a personal level, in the family and in hospital. These elements are: the attitude of listening, valuing the past as a legacy for the future, the mediation function in and through the reactions of the sick person, the attitude of respect towards the person’s choices of values in the face of death, understanding the sick world, help and pastoral service, and acceptance of failures.

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Authors and Affiliations

Edmund Kowalski

Academia Alfonsiana w Rzymie

Microstructural Characteristics of Ti-Al-Dy Alloy Produced by High Energy Ball Milling

Yuri Kim Hoseong Rhee Si Young Chang

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2021 | vol. 66 | No 3 | 789-793 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2021.136381

Keywords high energy ball milling Ti-Al-Dy powders SPS microstructure Micro-hardness

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Abstract

In this study, the alloying of Ti, Al and Dy powders by high energy ball milling, and the spark plasma sintering (SPS) characteristics of as milled powders have been investigated based on the observation of microstructure. Pure Ti, 6wt% Al and 4wt% Dy powders were mixed and milled with zirconia balls at 600 ~ 1000 rpm for 3h in an Ar gas. The initial sizes of Ti, Al and Dy powders were approximately 20, 40, and 200 μm, respectively. With increasing the milling speed from 600 to 1000 rpm, the size of mixing powders reduced from 120 to 15 μm. On the other hand, from XRD results of powders milled at higher speeds than 700rpm, the peaks of Ti3Al and AlDy phases were identified, indicating the successful alloying. Therefore, the powders milled at 800 rpm have been employed for the SPS under the applied pressure of 50 MPa at 1373K for 15 min. In the SPSed sample, the Al3Dy and two ternary Ti-Al-Dy phases were newly detected, while the peak of AlDy phase disappeared. The SPSed Ti-6Al-4Dy alloy revealed high relative density and micro-hardness of approximately 99% and 950Hv, respectively.

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Bibliography

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Authors and Affiliations

Yuri Kim

Hoseong Rhee

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ORCID:

Si Young Chang

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ORCID:

Korea Aerospace University, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Goyang 10540, Korea

Effect of Mg Ratio on the Extraction of Dy from (Nd,Dy)-Fe-B Permanent Magnet Using Liquid Mg

Sangmin Park Sun-Woo Nam Ju-Young Cho Sang-Hoon Lee Seung-Keun Hyun Taek-Soo Kim

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2020 | vol. 65 | No 4 | 1281-1285 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2020.133685

Keywords Dysprosium Liquid metal extraction (Nd,Dy)-Fe-B Magnet Extraction Behavior diffusion

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Abstract

Recently, since the demand of rare earth permanent magnet for high temperature applications such as an electric motor has increased, dysprosium (Dy), a heavy rare earth element, is becoming important due to severe bias in its production. To fulfill the increasing need of Dy, recycling offers as a promising alternative. In recycling of rare earths, Hydro-metallurgical extraction method is mainly used however it has adverse environmental effects. Liquid metal extraction on the other hand, is an eco-friendly and simple method as far as the reduction of rare earth metal oxide is concerned. Therefore, liquid metal extraction was studied in this research as an alternative to the hydro-metallurgical recycling method. Magnesium (Mg) is selected as solvent metal because it doesn’t form intermetallic compounds with Fe, B and has a low melting and low boiling point. Extraction behavior of Dy in (Nd,Dy)-Fe-B magnet is observed and effect of Mg ratio on extraction of Dy is confirmed.

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Authors and Affiliations

Sangmin Park

Sun-Woo Nam

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ORCID:

Ju-Young Cho

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ORCID:

Sang-Hoon Lee

e-mail:

ORCID:

Seung-Keun Hyun

Taek-Soo Kim

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ORCID:

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Accompanying a dying person by the family. End of life ethics

Abstract

Authors and Affiliations

Microstructural Characteristics of Ti-Al-Dy Alloy Produced by High Energy Ball Milling

Abstract

Bibliography

Authors and Affiliations

Effect of Mg Ratio on the Extraction of Dy from (Nd,Dy)-Fe-B Permanent Magnet Using Liquid Mg

Abstract

Authors and Affiliations