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Abstract

In populated regions, strong earthquakes are among the most devastating natural disasters. But minor tremors usually go unnoticed, as their existence is only detected with the aid of precise measuring instruments.
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Authors and Affiliations

Grzegorz Lizurek
1

  1. PAS Institute of Geophysics in Warsaw
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Abstract

Extraction of natural resources such as shale gas can disrupt the internal structure of rock, leading to the release of vast amounts of energy in the form of earthquakes. Is the risk of such human-induced quakes high in Poland? Scientists from the PAS Institute of Geophysics are trying to find the answer.

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Authors and Affiliations

Grzegorz Lizurek
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Abstract

The phenomenon that occurs today is an increase in the use of electrical energy consumption every year and especially in Public Street Lighting (PSL) lamps. It can be noticed that almost every road is public, and the expressway has PSL lights. PSL lamps are installed on each median, left or right of the road with a distance between ± lights of 30meters. The object of research on this foreign cooperation is located in the PIK2 project located in the Dadap area, Indonesia. The PSL lamp installation location has a road length of ±1.8Km. PSL lamps used have a power of 250watts. While the specific purpose of this study is to design and analyze measurements of power, voltage and current in PSL lamps and also to control and monitor the condition of PSL lamps through the Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) by applying a star topology for the efficiency of electrical energy consumption in PSL lamps, using microcontrollers, sensors, and LoRa. This research is expected to produce a best practice model for the application of WSN in the PSL system in Indonesia and become a recommendation for companies in improving WSN technology and global competitiveness. The proposed research methods are quantitative and objective, so this study is applied to acquire and distribute data at PSL light points. The data on the sensor will be sent through the end node which is then sent to the coordinator node or gateway. The sensor data on this tool can be displayed by accessing the ubidots.
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Authors and Affiliations

Imelda Uli Vistalina Simanjuntak
1
Junas Haidi
2
Heryanto
3
Lukman Medriavin Silalahi
1

  1. Universitas Mercu Buana, Indonesia
  2. Universitas Bengkulu, Indonesia
  3. Institut Teknologi PLN, Indonesia
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Abstract

The article presents a disastrous in the consequences earthquake between Sicily and Calabria described by different travelers of Grand Tour after 1783 and analyses the style and method of commenting these historical, tragic events. Several Polish intellectuals and politicians, disappointed in t he situation in the country had chosen the Southern Italy (Sicily, Calabria) and Malta as Destination of their travel. Who arrived there after the terrible earthquake and observed in Messina and/or Reggio Calabria the ruins of these important towns leaved very emotional description in their travel reports. The purpose of the article is to compare different human reactions as well as different ways of describing, from many points of view, the situations they found and observed.

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Authors and Affiliations

Anna Tylusińska-Kowalska
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Abstract

Messina in the stories of Polish travelers over the course of centuries: the double face of the city – The article presents Messina’s ‘verbal postcards’ left by Polish participants in the Grand Tour and travelers who visited Sicily in later times. Travelers whose accounts are widely known, such as Anonymous (1595), Michał Borch, Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz, Chrystian Kamsetzer (XVIII c.), Zygmunt Krasiński (nineteenth century), but also less well-known ones such as writer Zofia Sokołowska, arriving in Sicily in the tragic year of the earthquake (1908), left descriptions from their stays in Messina about the emotional charge they felt, one closely related to the historical moment in which they arrived on the island. This will therefore be a thorough analysis of a fragment of the Sicilian journey concerning Messina left by some Polish travelers, taking into account their professions, areas of interest and the period in which they were in Sicily.

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Authors and Affiliations

Anna Tylusińska-Kowalska
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Abstract

Seismic events have always marked the history of Italy by changing and upsetting the social, demographic and economic contexts of the places involved. The interventions carried out in relation to seismic events are related to the severity of the damage caused to public real estate assets, to the private one and to infrastructures. In this perspective, resources and interventions have been mobilized, inevitably linked to the financial resources of the State. Precisely in relation to the limited budgets, the State has adopted political choices, sometimes questionable, which have conditioned the post‑earthquake reconstruction and the return to the normal social trend of the populations. The essay aims to outline intervention policies and understand their outcomes, within the political, social and economic contexts that characterized the Italian twentieth century, referring to some political choices adopted by the State on the occasion of some major earthquakes that have interested Italy.
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Bibliography

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Authors and Affiliations

Ada Di Nucci
1
Paola Nardone
1
Natascia Ridolfi
1

  1. Università “G. D’Annunzio”, Chieti‑Pescara, Italia
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Abstract

The paper presents an estimation of liquefaction susceptibility of some soils from the coast of the Marmara Sea, which was heavily

striken by the Kocaeli earthquake in 1999. Firstly, the results of field investigations are summarized. Then, the results of laboratory investigations of physical and mechanical properties of the soils collated from the sites investigated are presented. The mechanical properties relate to the compaction/liquefaction model of saturated soils. This model is briefly outlined, then respective experimental procedures dealing with its calibration described, and values of material parameters listed. Liquefaction potential of investigated soils is analysed using standard procedures, based on the grain size distribution curves and SPTs. Finally, the simulation of pore-pressure generation and onset of liquefaction of Turkish soils is carried out, using the compaction/liquefaction model. Discussion of some standard empirical procedures of estimation of liquefaction potential of saturated soils, conducted from the analytical point of view, is also presented.

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Authors and Affiliations

A. Sawicki
W. Świdziński
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Abstract

Considering concrete nonlinearity, the wave height limit between small and large amplitude sloshing is defined based on the Bernoulli equation. Based on Navier-Stokes equations, the mathematical model of large amplitude sloshing is established for a Concrete Rectangle Liquid-Storage Structure (CRLSS). The results show that the seismic response of a CRLSS increases with the increase of seismic intensity. Under different seismic fortification intensities, the change in trend of wave height, wallboard displacement, and stress are the same, but the amplitudes are not. The areas of stress concentration appear mainly at the connections between the wallboards, and the connections between the wallboard and the bottom.

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Authors and Affiliations

X. Cheng
D. Li
P. Li
X. Zhang
G. Li
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Abstract

Rammed earth significantly reduces intrinsic energy compared to concrete construction and has an environmental benefit throughout the life cycle of the building: phases of construction, operation, maintenance, renovation, and demolition. Several studies have recently been carried out to study this material. However, the seismic behavior of rammed earth constructions is still an important topic that needs to be studied in more detail. Through the analysis of non-linear behavior of the rammed earth construction for different wall thicknesses according to the Moroccan earthquake regulation RPS2011, we were able to assess the seismic performance under the corresponding conditions (loads, seismic zone). The results show that the walls studied can have good resistance in areas of seismicity ranging from “very low” to “moderate” and acceptable performance in areas of high seismicity. Furthermore, fragility analysis shows that rammed construction with a wall thickness equal to 50 centimeters exhibits better seismic performance and a low probability of damage, particularly in the case of moderate, severe, and complete damage states.
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Authors and Affiliations

Balil Jama
1
ORCID: ORCID
Driss Agliz
1
ORCID: ORCID
Atmani Abderrahman
1
ORCID: ORCID
Mina Derife
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Laboratory of Energy Engineering, Materials and Systems (LGEMS), National School of Applied Sciences, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir, Morocco
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Abstract

Many Haitian writers since the earthquake that destroyed Port-au-Prince in January 2010 have developed in their works of fiction the theme of writing the disaster, expressing it in various forms. The aim of this paper is to analyze the strategies adopted to write about the psychological and social effects of the cataclysmic event in two post-earthquake novels, Marvin Victor’s Corps mêlés (2011) and Makenzy Orcel’s Les Immortelles (2010). In questioning the relationship between literature and the present-time, the two Haitian writers chose different styles and forms to transpose into fiction the disruptions caused by the earthquake. We will focus our attention on two narrative strategies in particular: the interior monologue chosen by Victor and the hybrid narration preferred by Orcel.
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Authors and Affiliations

Alessia Vignoli
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Abstract

Destructive aftershocks such as the M w 7.2 Van earthquake on October 23, 2011, and the Hoy (Iran) earthquake with M w 5.9 on February 23, 2020, occurred in the province of Van and its surroundings. In earthquake studies, the issue of examining the distribution and homogeneity of earthquake incidences with Geographic Information Systems (GIS) based via spatial autocorrelation techniques is frequently investigated. Van province and its surroundings are among the areas with high earthquake risk due to its location on the East Anatolian Compressive Tectonic Block. The aim of this study is to analyze the spatial patterns of earthquakes with magnitude M w 4 and above that occurred in the province of Van and its surroundings during the instrumental period and to determine to cluster. Spatial cluster analyses play an important role in examining the distribution of seismicity. The data used in the study have been taken from the database system of the Earthquake Department of the Republic of Turkey Ministry of Interior Disaster and Emergency Management Presidency. Moran’s I and Getis-Ord Gi methods from spatial autocorrelation techniques were preferred on the earthquake data set to be used in this research. It has aimed to determine the dangerous areas by testing the earthquake distributions in clustered regions via spatial autocorrelation techniques.
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Authors and Affiliations

Güzide Miray Perihanoglu
1
ORCID: ORCID
Ömer Bilginer
2
ORCID: ORCID
Elif Akyel
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, Van, Turkey
  2. Izmir Katip Çelebi University, Izmir, Turkey
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Abstract

Several recent earthquakes have indicated that the design and construction of bridges based on former seismic design provisions are susceptible to fatal collapse triggered by the failure of reinforced concrete columns. This paper incorporates an experimental investigation into the seismic response of nonductile bridge piers strengthened with low-cost glass fiber reinforced polymers (LC-GFRP). Three full-scale bridge piers were tested under lateral cyclic loading. A control bridge pier was tested in the as-built condition and the other two bridge piers were experimentally tested after strengthening them with LC-GFRP jacketing. The LC-GFRP strengthening was performed using two different configurations. The control bridge pier showed poor seismic response with the progress of significant cracks at very low drift levels. Test results indicated the efficiency of the tested strengthening configurations to improve the performance of the strengthened bridge piers including crack pattern, yield, and ultimate cyclic load capacities, ductility ratio, dissipated energy capacity, initial stiffness degradation, and fracture mode.

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Authors and Affiliations

K. Rodsin
Q. Hussain
P. Joyklad
A. Nawaz
H. Fazliani
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Abstract

It is highly important to determine eigenvalues before and after certain extreme events that may cause damage accumulation, such as earthquake, blasts and mining or seismic tests on research models. Unique experiment design and shake table testing was performed to investigate seismic performance of a 3D RC building model with infill walls and advanced protection with polyurethane-based joints and fiber polymer reinforced light and emergency jackets. For the purpose of wider experimental activities, three methods for determination of the dynamic characteristics were used during multiple successive shake table tests following a dynamic pushover approach, and they are presented in detail. They are: inertance function through impact hammer tests, standard Fourier transformation of measured acceleration time history and digital image correlation. The expected differences in the results are related to the type and intensity of excitation used, the involvement of materials with different mechanical and physical properties, and with the different rate and extent of damage accumulation, as well as to local or global measurements. Y et, all methods lead to reliable results when a consistent methodology is being used, that takes into account locality or globality of measurements, leaving a choice for the most suitable one, depending on the site conditions. The inertance function method presented manifested its high efficiency in analysis of dynamic properties of large-scale structures and in monitoring of their changes caused by the damage and repair process. It offers quite a wide range of useful information, does not require very expensive equipment and its transportation cost is negligible. This method seems to be a proper diagnostic tool for simple experimental modal analysis of real structures and their structural elements, where detection of changes in the structural condition and in dynamic properties is required, also as a non-destructive testing and monitoring method. Digital image correlation proved to be a promising non-contact tool, strongly supporting the conventional instrumentation of shake table testing, while the Fourier transformation was used as a benchmark method yielding the most reliable results.
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Authors and Affiliations

Arkadiusz Kwiecień
1
ORCID: ORCID
Zoran Rakicevic
2
Jarosław Chełmecki
1
Aleksandra Bogdanovic
2
Marcin Tekieli
1
Łukasz Hojdys
1
Matija Gams
3
Piotr Krajewski
1
ORCID: ORCID
Filip Manojlovski
2
Antonio Soklarovski
2
Omer Faruk Halici
4
Theodoros Rousakis
Vachan Vanian
5

  1. Faculty of Civil Engineering, Cracow University of Technology, Cracow, Poland
  2. IZIIS, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, North Macedonia
  3. Faculty of Civil and Geodetic Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
  4. Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
  5. Democritus University of Thrace, Xanthi, Greece
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Abstract

In determining the effects of actions when designing road structures, the influence of the loads caused by the buffeting of the passing vehicles (high-cycle forces) is neglected. Taking into account the fatigue load, they can have a very large impact on the assessment of the load capacity. The subject of analysis is the pressure and velocity distributions around a truck. At the current stage of the work, it can be concluded that the gusts of passing trucks affect the dynamics of the gantry structure and the elements suspended on it, such as platforms or boards. There is a strong suction force. It is possible to simplify the model in such a way that the board and the wind move with the speed of the vehicle while the truck remains stationary. Due to the lack of reliable guidelines for strength calculations of such structures, advanced Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) tools were used. This paper also presents a shaking table built by the authors for dynamic loading of structural models. It describes the construction of the shaking table and the kind of movement made by the table deck. It also shows a scheme of the table deck suspension on linear bearings, as well as a scheme of the table motion system.
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Authors and Affiliations

Agnieszka Padewska-Jurczak
1
ORCID: ORCID
Dawid Cornik
1
ORCID: ORCID
Ryszard Walentynski
1
ORCID: ORCID
Maciej Wiśniowski
1
ORCID: ORCID
Piotr Szczepaniak
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Department of Mechanics and Bridges, ul. Akademicka 5, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
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Abstract

Liquid storage tank is widely used in the petrochemical industry, earthquake will lead to structural damage and secondary disasters, and damping control opens up a new way for seismic design of liquid storage tank. Considering soil-structure-fluid interaction, liquid sloshing dynamic behavior and material nonlinearity, a three-dimensional calculation model of shock absorption liquid storage tank is established by combining sliding isolation and displacement-limiting devices. The dynamic responses of the liquid storage tanks under the action of Kobe and El-Centro waves are investigated, and the influence of soil-structure interaction (SSI) on the dynamic response is discussed. The results show that the damping ratio is basically between 30% and 90%. After the SSI is considered, the damping ratio of liquid sloshing wave height is increased, while the damping ratio of the dynamic response of the liquid storage tank is decreased, and the change of elastic modulus has little effect on the damping effect. The sliding isolation with displacement-limiting devices has significant damping control effects on the liquid sloshing wave height and the dynamic responses of the liquid storage tank.
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Authors and Affiliations

Wei Jing
1
ORCID: ORCID
Shuang Tian
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Western Engineering Research Center of Disaster Mitigation in Civil Engineering of Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
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Abstract

In recent years, the intensity of the loads caused by mining activity has increased in Poland. This exploitation is often carried out in urbanized areas, so their operation on structures is not only a social problem, but also a challenge for engineers. Many of the surface facilities safe use affects the failure-free operation of the mine. The paper presents the results of representative measurements of surface vibrations from mining areas in Poland and earthquakes and their comparison. Particular attention was paid to the values of PGA/PGV ratios and the most commonly used methods for dynamic calculation of the structure. The last part of the work presents an experimentally verified dynamical model of the selected RC skip tower. The forced vibrations of the model were analysed by taking representative earthquakes and mining origin tremors. Time history non-linear analysis and push over methods were used. The nonlinear concrete model was adopted in the analyses. The results show that pushover analysis is not able to capture the seismic demands imposed by far-field or near-fault ground motions, especially for short-period systems for which it can lead to significant errors in the estimation of the seismic demands. The results confirmed the qualitative results of the linear analysis. The carried out inventory of cracks to the skip tower also allowed their location in bearing elements of the skip tower. The results of non-linear numerical analyses allowed us to assess the safety of the structure.
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Authors and Affiliations

Filip Pachla
1
ORCID: ORCID
Tadeusz Tatara
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Cracow University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, ul. Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow, Poland
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Abstract

Land suitability assessment is an important stage in land use planning that guides the direction of optimal land use. The objective of this study was to select a suitable location for settlements in earthquake-prone areas using the integration of the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Geographical Information System (GIS). In total, six maps were considered to determine a suitable location for settlements, namely topography, soil, geology, land cover/land use, a regional spatial planning pattern map, and an earthquake vulnerability map. The results showed that in medium earthquake-prone areas, the suitable land area which are available for settlement was 90.25 km2 (46.36% of the total land area available – 194.68 km2). Whereas in highly earthquake-prone areas, the suitable and available land area was 528.11 km2 (70.25% of the total land area in the high vulnerability zone – 751.81 km2). The research proved that AHP and GIS integration is very effective and robust for mapping land suitability in earthquake-prone areas. The results of the analysis can be used by planners to prioritize settlement development in the Sukabumi regency. The methodology developed is recommended to be applied in selecting locations for settlements in other parts of Indonesia.
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Authors and Affiliations

Wiwin Ambarwulan
1
ORCID: ORCID
Irmadi Nahib
1
ORCID: ORCID
Widiatmaka Widiatmaka
2
ORCID: ORCID
Ratna Sari Dewi
1
ORCID: ORCID
Sri Lestari Munajati
1
ORCID: ORCID
Yatin Suwarno
1
Dewayany Sutrisno
1
ORCID: ORCID
Suprajaka Suprajaka
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Geospatial Information Agency, Centers for Research, Promotion and Cooperation, Jl Raya Jakarta Bogor KM 46 Cibinong, Bogor, West, 16911, Bogor, Indonesia
  2. Bogor Agricultural University (IPB University), Department of Soil Science and Land Resources, Bogor, Indonesia
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Abstract

The growth in high-rise building construction has increased the need for hybrid reinforced concrete and steel structural systems. Columns in buildings are the most important elements because of their seismic resistance. Reinforced concrete (RC) columns and steel columns were used herein to form hybrid structural systems combining their distinct advantages. Eleven 3D building models subjected to earthquake excitation with reinforced concrete beams and slabs of 12 floors in height and with different distributions of mixed columns were analyzed by the SAP2000 software in order to investigate the most suitable distributions of a combination of reinforced concrete and steel columns. Top displacements and accelerations, base normal forces, base shear forces, and base bending moments were computed to evaluate the selected hybrid structural systems. The findings are helpful in evaluating the efficiency of the examined hybrid high-rise buildings in resisting earthquakes.

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Authors and Affiliations

D.P.N. Kontoni
A.A. Farghaly

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