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Physical and Electrical Properties of Silver-Matrix Composites Reinforced with Various Forms of Refractory Phases

K. Frydman P. Borkowski K. Pietrzak D. Wójcik-Grzybek A. Gładki A. Sienicki
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2018 | vol. 63 | No 2 | DOI: 10.24425/122408
Keywords composite materials electrical contacts arc erosion contact resistance
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Abstract

This paper presents technological trials aimed at producing Ag-W, Ag-WC, Ag-W-C and Ag-WC-C composite contact materials and characterizing their properties. These materials were obtained using two methods, i.e. press-sinter-repress (PSR) at the refractory phase content of less than 30% by weight as well as press-sinter-infiltration (PSI) at the refractory phase content of ≥50% by weight). The results of research into both the physical and electrical properties of the outcome composites were shown. They include the analysis of the influence of the refractory phase content (W or WC) on arc erosion and contact resistance changes for the following current range: 6 kAmax in the case of composites with a low refractory phase content, 10 kAmax in the case of composites with the refractory phase content of ≥50% by weight.
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Authors and Affiliations

K. Frydman
P. Borkowski
K. Pietrzak
D. Wójcik-Grzybek
A. Gładki
A. Sienicki

Microstructure and phase composition of the Ag–Al film wear track: through-thickness characterization by advanced electron microscopy

O. Kryshtal A. Kruk F. Mao M. Taher J. Jansson A. Czyrska-Filemonowicz
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2019 | vol. 64 | No 1 | 251-256 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2019.126245
Keywords Ag–Al alloy TEM EDX hexagonal phase electrical contacts
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Abstract

Analytical transmission electron microscopy has been applied to characterize the microstructure, phase and chemical composition of the Ag–Al wear track throughout its thickness down to the atomic level. Microscopy findings have been correlated with Ag–Al film tribological properties to understand the effect of the hexagonal solid solution phase on the tribological properties of this film. Ag–25Al (at.%) films have been produced by simultaneous magnetron sputtering of components in Ar atmosphere under 1 mTorr pressure and subjected to pin-on-disc tribological tests. It has been shown that hcp phase with (001) planes aligned parallel to the film surface dominates both in as-deposited and in tribofilm areas of the Ag–Al alloy film. Possible mechanisms of reduced friction in easily oxidized Ag–Al system are discussed and the mechanism based on readily shearing basal planes of the hcp phase is considered as the most probable one.

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Authors and Affiliations

O. Kryshtal
A. Kruk
F. Mao
M. Taher
J. Jansson
A. Czyrska-Filemonowicz

Effect of selected parameters on the electrical strength of a high-voltage vacuum insulation system

Michał Lech Paweł Węgierek
Archives of Electrical Engineering | 2023 | vol. 72 | No 3 | 597-611 | DOI: 10.24425/aee.2023.146039
Keywords electrical breakdown electrical contacts electrical strength switchgear vacuum insulation
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Abstract

The article presents the results of laboratory measurements of Ud breakdown voltages in a high-voltage vacuum insulating system for different pressures, contact gaps, type of electrode contacts and type of residual gas inside the discharge chamber. First of all, the electrical strength of the discharge chamber with a contact system terminated with contact pads made of W 70Cu 30 and Cu 75Cr 25 material was compared for selected values of contact gaps. It was found that below a pressure of p = 3.0 x 10 -1 Pa the electrical strength reaches an approximately constant value for each of the set contact gaps d. Analytical relationships were determined to calculate this value for each of the contact pads used. Above a pressure of p = 3.0 x 10 -1 Pa, the measured values of Ud breakdown voltages decrease sharply. The values of breakdown voltages in the discharge chamber with residual gases in the form of air, argon, neon and helium were also determined for selected values of contact gaps d. Depending on the residual gases used, significant differences were noted in the values of pressure p at which the loss of insulating properties in the discharge chamber occurred. These values were 3.3 x 10 -1 Pa for argon, 4.1 x 10 -1 Pa for air, 6.4 x 10 -1 Pa for neon, and 2.55 x 10 0 Pa for helium, respectively.
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Authors and Affiliations

Michał Lech
1
ORCID: ORCID
Paweł Węgierek
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 38A str., 20-618 Lublin, Poland

Fabrication of a Novel Silver-Based Electrical Contact Composites and Assessment of Its Mechanical and Electrical Properties

S. Praveen Kumar S.M. Senthil R. Parameshwaran R. Rathanasamy
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2021 | vol. 66 | No 4 | 1087-1094 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2021.136428
Keywords silver tin oxide electrical contact composites tungsten oxide conductivity
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Abstract

The electrical contactors play a crucial role in closing the circuit in many power distribution components like overhead lines, underground cables, circuit breakers, transformers, and control systems. The failure in these components mainly occurs due to the break-down of contactors due to the continuous opening and closing action of contacts. Silver (Ag)-based oxide contact materials are widely used in practice, among which silver tin oxide (AgSnO2) is most common. An attempt is made in increasing the performance of AgSnO2, by adding Tungsten Oxide (WO3) in various weight proportions, thus finding the optimal proportion of AgSnO2WO3 to have increased mechanical and electrical performances. All the composite samples are fabricated in-house using powder metallurgy process. The assessment of physical and electrical properties namely, density, hardness, porosity, and electrical conductivity, showed that 90%Ag-8.5%SnO2-1.5%WO3 composite yielded superior results. With help of morphological tests, wear characteristics are also investigated, which showed that 90%Ag-8.5%SnO2-1.5%WO3 composite has a wear coefficient of 0.000227 and a coefficient of friction of 0.174 at an optimized load of 10 N and sliding velocity of 0.5 mm/s.
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Authors and Affiliations

S. Praveen Kumar
1
ORCID: ORCID
S.M. Senthil
1
ORCID: ORCID
R. Parameshwaran
1
ORCID: ORCID
R. Rathanasamy
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Kongu Engineering College, Erode, Tamilnadu, India

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