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Territorial trauma or modernization experience? The Kraków Metropolitan Area and Silesia as case studies affected by intensive energy transition processes

Wit Hubert Wojciech Kowalik Aleksandra Komorowska Dominik Kryzia Monika Pepłowska Lidia Gawlik
Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi - Mineral Resources Management | 2023 | vol. 39 | No 3 | 125-148 | DOI: 10.24425/gsm.2023.147552
Keywords energy transition territorial trauma coal phase-out
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Abstract

Energy transition is a process that affects entire regions, not only reducing the prevailing socio- -economic conditions but most importantly, creating a new framework of functioning for their inhabitants. The changes that are taking place can be described as territorial stresses, which are factors that affect not only the psychological well-being of residents but also the economic, demographic, technological and ecological conditions of the regions. The article presents the partial results of research work conducted within the EN TRAN CES project. The authors compare two carbon-intensive regions: Kraków Metropolitan Area (high air pollution area) and Silesia (coal mining area). Comparing the results of the two components and thus the research methods: - the identification and systematization of the socio-cultural stress situation (a component describing events relevant to the transformation of the regions from 1945–2022 and the sparing of its significance on the development conditions in the regions; - the assessment of the adaptive capacity of the residents based on their attachment to the place, individual adaptation strategies for resolving tensions and the level of life satisfaction (socio-psychological component).
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Authors and Affiliations

Wit Hubert
1
ORCID: ORCID
Wojciech Kowalik
2
ORCID: ORCID
Aleksandra Komorowska
1
ORCID: ORCID
Dominik Kryzia
1
ORCID: ORCID
Monika Pepłowska
1
ORCID: ORCID
Lidia Gawlik
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Mineral and Energy Economy Research Institute PAS, Kraków, Poland
  2. AGH University of Krakow, Kraków, Poland

A Change in Economic Thinking

Ewa Bińczyk
ACADEMIA. The magazine of the Polish Academy of Sciences | 2021 | No 1 (69) Energy Transtion | 17-19 | DOI: 10.24425/academiaPAS.2021.138405
Keywords ecological economics climate catastrophe energy transition
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Abstract

On ecological economics and its diagnosis of environmental and social challenges and threats.
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Authors and Affiliations

Ewa Bińczyk

Fossil fuels in the energy transition – the case of Romania

Wiktor Hebda
Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi - Mineral Resources Management | 2023 | vol. 39 | No 4 | 85-106 | DOI: 10.24425/gsm.2023.148159
Keywords fossil fuels energy transition decarbonization Romania
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Abstract

Nowadays, one of the biggest challenges faced by EU countries is the pursuit of zero-emission economies. Certainly, it is crucial to determine the role of fossil fuels in the energy transformation. In light of the European Green Deal, EU countries should cease the consumption of hydrocarbons, i.e. coal, crude oil and natural gas, by 2050. Nevertheless, there are significant differences regarding the possibility of decarbonizing the energy sectors of the different EU Member States. For many years, Romania has been successively implementing an energy transformation, the main goal of which is the significant reduction of fossil fuels in the energy mix. Just a few years ago, one of the most important energy resources was coal, which is to be eliminated within the next decade. However, a much greater challenge is the reduction and subsequent abandonment of natural gas and crude oil. The key task facing Romania is to ensure energy security, which is why decarbonization will be strongly coupled with the country’s economic and political capabilities. The exclusion of fossil fuels in power engineering means that there is a need to develop alternative generation capacities, in particular in nuclear, wind and solar energy. This article presents the current condition of the energy sector in Romania, with a particular emphasis on the role of fossil fuels in its transformation. An analysis of documents and field research shows that there will be a dynamic decarbonization in the coming years, which will result in a significant reduction in the consumption of fossil fuels. The priority of Romania’s energy policy is to achieve a zero-emission economy, but ensuring stability and security in the energy sector will be of key importance in this process.
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Authors and Affiliations

Wiktor Hebda
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Poland

Socio-cultural challenges of coal regions and their transformative capacities – a case study of Silesia

Wojciech Kowalik Wit Hubert Monika Pepłowska Dominik Kryzia Lidia Gawlik Aleksandra Komorowska
Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi - Mineral Resources Management | 2024 | vol. 40 | No 1 | 167-186 | DOI: 10.24425/gsm.2024.149304
Keywords energy transition decarbonization Silesia social-cultural chances
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Abstract

This article presents the results of a study of the determinants of energy transformation of coal-dependent regions. The case study was on the region of Silesia. This region is the main producer of hard coal and coking coal in Poland, with nineteen mines and numerous coal-fired power plants. Silesia is highly industrialized and urbanized, contributing significantly to Poland’s GDP. However, it is also a leader in terms of methane and carbon dioxide emissions. The study used an approach based on Alvin L. Bertrand’s ‘stress-strain’ theory, to investigate the socio-cultural stresses emerging as a result of the interaction of external factors and internal process dynamics within the region itself. Then, using Marc Wolfram’s systems-based analytical framework approach, the current transformative capacity of Silesia was analyzed. The theoretical framework adopted assumes that socio-cultural stress can be inferred from past situations of tension, influencing the social structure of the region and shaping accepted patterns of adaptation to change. Socio-cultural stress emerges as a key determinant of a region’s coping strategy and shapes its ability to transform in the long term. The research approach presented in this article adopts a comprehensive framework that integrates socio-cultural, socio-ecological and technological dimensions, providing a holistic view of a region’s transformation challenges and opportunities. The research was conducted using focus group interviews and a structured interview questionnaire. Participants in the research were individuals representing a diverse community of experts and activists involved in the energy transition process in Silesia, including local government officials, businesses, professional associations and social activists.
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Authors and Affiliations

Wojciech Kowalik
1
ORCID: ORCID
Wit Hubert
2
ORCID: ORCID
Monika Pepłowska
2
ORCID: ORCID
Dominik Kryzia
2
ORCID: ORCID
Lidia Gawlik
2
ORCID: ORCID
Aleksandra Komorowska
2
ORCID: ORCID
  1. AGH University of Krakow, Kraków, Poland
  2. Mineral and Energy Economy Research Institute PAS, Kraków, Poland

The development of renewable energy in the world in the context of employment transformation

Svitlana Kalinina Olena Lyndiuk Vasyl Savchenko Valeriya Podunay Svitlana Lanska Eduard Savchenko
Polityka Energetyczna - Energy Policy Journal | 2021 | vol. 24 | No 4 | 89-104
Keywords renewable energy renewable energy employment employment trends energy transition investment
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Abstract

This article is devoted to the worldwide development of renewable energy in connection to the development of the socio-economic system and employment transformations. It is emphasized that the use of renewable energy sources is growing extremely fast globally, and it is generating positive socio-economic effects such as creating jobs worldwide. It is noted that in contrast to the situation in the field of traditional energy, the number of vacancies in the field of renewable energy continues to grow; photovoltaic, bioenergy, hydropower and wind forms of renewable energy are powerful employers in the world economy. It is noted that the increase in the number of people employed in the field of renewable energy is a consequence of the decentralized nature of the sector, as a result of which, renewable energy technologies produce more vacancies per unit of investment compared to traditional electricity generation technologies. It has been emphasized that the further development of renewable energy depends on the volume of investment in the creation of production facilities, which contributes to the further creation of jobs. Furthermore, it has been determined that the problem of renewable energy staffing is also extremely relevant for Ukraine. It is noted that the current system of training for this energy sector does not meet the long-term requirements; the increase of energy efficiency and the development of renewable energy transform the qualification requirements for employees, which requires the transformation of approaches to the training and development of employees.
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Authors and Affiliations

Svitlana Kalinina
1
ORCID: ORCID
Olena Lyndiuk
1
ORCID: ORCID
Vasyl Savchenko
1
ORCID: ORCID
Valeriya Podunay
1
ORCID: ORCID
Svitlana Lanska
1
ORCID: ORCID
Eduard Savchenko
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Theoretical and Applied Economics Department, Ukrainian State Employment Service Training Institute, Ukraine

Hydrogen in the Strategies of the European Union Member States

Renata Koneczna Justyna Cader
Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi - Mineral Resources Management | 2021 | vol. 37 | No 3 | 53-74 | DOI: 10.24425/gsm.2021.138660
Keywords hydrogen renewable energy sources energy transition climate neutrality hydrogen strategy
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Abstract

Strategies and roadmaps are essential in areas that require long-term planning, such as the energy transition. Strategic plans can play an important role in developing visions for reducing CO2 emissions, developing renewable energy sources (RES) and hydrogen technologies. Hydrogen can be included in value chains in various sectors of the economy as raw material, emission-free fuel, or as an energy carrier and storage. The analysis of the future of hydrogen energy, which is an essential component of transforming the economy into an environmentally neutral one, is an integral part of the strategies of the European Union (EU) Member States.
This article reviews the strategic documents of the EU countries in the field of a hydrogen economy. Currently, six EU Member States have approved the hydrogen strategy (Germany, France, the Netherlands, Portugal, Hungary, Czech Republic), and two of them have roadmaps (Spain, Finland). The others are working on their completion in 2021. EU countries have the possibility of energy transformation based on a hydrogen policy, including green hydrogen, within the framework of the European Green Deal, i.e. aiming for climate neutrality and creating a modern and environmentally friendly economy.
By 2030, some of the countries plan to become a leader not only in the field of hydrogen production or RES development aimed at this process but also in the areas of research and development (R&D), sales of new technologies, and international cooperation. Member countries are focused on the production of clean hydrogen using electrolysis, creating incentives to stimulate demand, developing a hydrogen market, and implementing hydrogen infrastructure.
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Authors and Affiliations

Renata Koneczna
1
ORCID: ORCID
Justyna Cader
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Mineral and Energy Economy Research Institute of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
  2. Faculty of Geology, University of Warsaw, Poland

Whither the Energy Transition?

Jan Kiciński
ACADEMIA. The magazine of the Polish Academy of Sciences | 2021 | No 1 (69) Energy Transtion | 8-11 | DOI: 10.24425/academiaPAS.2021.138403
Keywords energy transition renewable energy sources fossil fuels green hydrogen
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Abstract

Humanity is being forced to alter how we use energy sources, to move away from fossil fuels and focus instead on renewable, especially solar energy. This transformation may prove to be the long sought-after “holy grail” of energy.
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Authors and Affiliations

Jan Kiciński
1
  1. PAS Institute of Fluid-Flow Machinery in Gdańsk, Poland

Opportunities for Coal Mining Regions

Adam Drobniak
ACADEMIA. The magazine of the Polish Academy of Sciences | 2021 | No 1 (69) Energy Transtion | 20-23 | DOI: 10.24425/academiaPAS.2021.138406
Keywords just transition energy transition technological progress climate neutrality
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Abstract

The concept of a socially “just transition” should not only guide the redevelopment of coal mining regions, opening up the way to technological progress. It is also a chance for the rest of Poland to improve the quality of life and attain carbon neutrality.
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Authors and Affiliations

Adam Drobniak
1
  1. Faculty of Strategic and Regional Studies at the University of Economics in Katowice, Poland

Just transition – the first pillar of Poland’s energy policy until 2040 – legal, economic and social aspects

Bartosz Wojciech Brożyński
Polityka Energetyczna - Energy Policy Journal | 2022 | vol. 25 | No 2 | 5-24
Keywords energy policy of Poland just transition low-carbon energy transition renewable energy sources
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Abstract

This paper discusses the issue of just transition and presents the general directions of Poland’s energy transition until 2040. The just transition plays an important role in the process of Poland’s green energy transition and not without reason – it is the first pillar of Poland’s Energy Policy until 2040. Therefore, the paper attempts to discuss the legal, economic and social aspects of the planned changes. The next part of the paper describes the just transition from the level of the European Union. It points out what challenges member states are facing and what actions they will have to take to meet the transition requirements set by the European goal of climate neutrality by 2050. Particular attention was paid to the activities of the European Commission, which is particularly involved in the process of transforming the European Union’s energy mix. This issue is extremely important for our country as it is going to be the major beneficiary of the EU transition fund.
The penultimate section discusses research performed from 15 to 20 February 2022 on a group of 120 people living in different regions of Poland. The respondents answered a series of questions about general aspects of the energy transition, a just transition as well as the risks resulting from following the European Union’s climate and energy trends. Based on the answers provided, pie charts and bar graphs have been produced in order to make the analysis of the issues discussed clear and understandable. The whole study was concluded with a summary.
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Authors and Affiliations

Bartosz Wojciech Brożyński
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Department of Logistics, University of Szczecin Institute of Management, Poland

Generation Capacity of National Power System in View of Commodity Crisis and War in Ukraine in 2022: Diagnosis, Risk Assessment and Recommendations

Antoni Tajduś Stanisław Tokarski
Archives of Mining Sciences | 2022 | vol. 67 | No 3 | 545-559 | DOI: 10.24425/ams.2022.142415
Keywords efficiency of electricity generation fossil fuels sources of electricity generation Polish Power System production capacity risk assessment of the energy transition
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Abstract

The article assesses the production capacity of the Polish Power System, taking into account the military operations in Ukraine and the related resource crisis. An analysis was made of how the war in Ukraine will affect the validity of Poland’s energy policy adopted a year ago. The sensitivity of the Polish Energy System to the import of energy resources from Russia was assessed as well as the possibilities of filling the gap caused by the lack of these raw materials were described and measures were proposed. It shows how electricity prices in the EU countries developed in the last year and what the energy mix of these countries looked like. Alternative scenarios for the transformation of the domestic system were discussed, including the coal – renewable energy – nuclear energy scenario, with the minimization of gas as a fuel of the transition period.
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Authors and Affiliations

Antoni Tajduś
1
ORCID: ORCID
Stanisław Tokarski
2
ORCID: ORCID
  1. University of Science and Technology (AGH), Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
  2. Central Mining Institute, 1 Gwarków Sq., 40-166 Katowice, Poland

Energy Transition Is Necessary and Possible

Bolesław Zaporowski
ACADEMIA. The magazine of the Polish Academy of Sciences | 2021 | No 1 (69) Energy Transtion | 50-55 | DOI: 10.24425/academiaPAS.2021.138412
Keywords energy transition climate neutrality renewable energy sources energy market energy mix nuclear energy energetic safety
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Abstract

Is climate neutrality an attainable goal for Poland? What does the term mean, and what challenges does it pose to human civilization? These and other questions are addressed by Prof. Bolesław Zaporowski of the Institute of Electric Power Engineering, Poznań University of Technology.
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Authors and Affiliations

Bolesław Zaporowski
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Institute of Electric Power Engineering, Poznań University of Technology, Poznan, Poalnd

The key role of design knowledge in developing a research methodology for a research project on re-design of nineteenth-century publicparks (HYPPE). = Kluczowa rola wiedzy projektowej w rozwoju metodologii badań dla projektu badawczego przeprojektowania XIX-wiecznych parków publicznych (HYPPE)

Albert Fekete Martin Van Den Toorn
Teka Komisji Urbanistyki i Architektury Oddziału Polskiej Akademii Nauk w Krakowie | 2019 | vol. XLVII | 123-142 | DOI: 10.24425/tkuia.2019.131170
Keywords landscape architecture precedent analysis design and history energy transition water management creation of healthy environments for people
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Abstract

In this article we pay attention to some theoretical backgrounds for the redesign of nineteenth-century public parks in Central and Eastern Europe. The research is part of a larger project ‘The design history of nineteenth-century public parks in Central and Eastern Europe; contemporary use and future development’ (HYPPE), initiated by the Faculty of Landscape Architecture and Urbanism in Budapest, in which nine schools of landscape architecture in nine different countries in Central and Eastern Europe participate and collaborate.

We will focus here on some theoretical backgrounds, that form the foundation for a research and design approach, in which the diversity and similarity of the sites, contexts and design problems can be assured. Product (plan and realisation) and process (design) play a role in the parks as object of planning and design; on the one hand we distinguish between land, landscape and landscape architecture, on the other one — at the same time the difference in approaches between science and design play a role in the relation between research and design.

In the second part backgrounds and principles, that underpin the relation between conservation and development in historical settings of parks are dealt with. Different design approaches — from restoration to complete reconstruction are highlighted. Applying these principles to nineteenth-century public parks in Central and Eastern Europe shows, where generic backgrounds and specifics of site, history and culture meet.

In the third part the new challenges for landscape architecture, that society requires from contemporary planning and design is elaborated. Energy transition, water management and the creation of healthy environments for people are as such not new for landscape architecture, but in this stage new steps have to be taken, that reach beyond, what is already practised. Here the explorative and experimental character of the design approach comes to the surface because for these aspects there are no precedents yet, they have to be developed by practice, research on evidence and imagining solutions, that are beyond the usual practice of energy transition, water management and the creation of healthy environments for people. For landscape architecture a synthetical and coherent design concept forms the core of the contribution; the search for a meaningful new order.

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Authors and Affiliations

Albert Fekete
ORCID: ORCID
Martin Van Den Toorn

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