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Abstract

This article aims to reconstruct Max Scheler’s conception of three types of knowledge, outlined in his late work Philosophical Perspectives (1928). Scheler distinguished three kinds of knowledge: empirical, used to exercise control over nature, eidetic (essential) and metaphysical. I review the epistemological criteria that underlie this distinction, and its functionalistic assumptions. In the article’s polemic part I accuse Scheler of a) crypto-dualism in his theory of knowledge, which draws insufficient distinctions between metaphysical and eidetic knowledge; b) totally omitting the status of the humanities in his classification of knowledge types; c) consistently developing a philosophy of knowledge without resort to the research tools offered by the philosophy of science, which takes such analyses out of their social and historical context (i.e., how knowledge is created in today’s scientific communities).

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Authors and Affiliations

Stanisław Czerniak
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Abstract

Today’s world is struggling with problems of population growth, migration, communication, infrastructure, climate change, economic and pandemic crises — which create a strong uncertainty about the future. Due to these threats, concern about the aesthetic dimension of architecture is pushed to the background. Few manifestos, or rather programs, frequently concern themselves with social, ecological or economic aspects, apart from the aesthetic ones. And yet this intangible, immeasurable dimension is an inherent part within the essence of architecture as art. The following paper is an attempt to analyze the minimalist trend in the context of contemporary threats: the de-aestheticization of architecture and limiting its autonomy. The aim of the article is to show that architects working in the minimalist trend, by returning to the basics of design, searching for the essence of architecture, strive to maintain the independence of this creative field, and by searching for the value of beauty, they strive to restore architecture to its aesthetic dimension.
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Bibliography

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Authors and Affiliations

Anna Mielnik
1
ORCID: ORCID
Tomasz Kozłowski
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Cracow University of Technology, Faculty of Architecture, Chair of Architectural Design

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