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Abstract

Cheerleading is a new sport, practiced in 110 nations; since 2016 enjoys provisional Olympic status. Its leaders claim that it is a “happy” sport, but research on its psychological effects is lacking. In this field-study we examined core-affect, positive-affect, and negative-affect in 65 cheerleaders before, during, after, and one-hour after a cheerleading training. Core-affect was more positive during and immediately after training, but it tapered off one hour following the training when feeling states were still more positive than at baseline. Negative-affect declined linearly from baseline to one-hour following training when it became significantly lower than its previous values. Positive-affect showed quadratic dynamics, in parallel with arousal, being higher during and immediately after training than during baseline, or one-hour after training. These results demonstrate for the first time that cheerleading is a “happy” sport, which apart from the skill-development also yields positive psychological emotions both during and after training.

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Authors and Affiliations

Rita Kovácsik
Attila Szabo
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Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of training on body surface temperature over the joints in racehorses, measured by infrared thermography. The study involved monitoring of 14 Thoroughbred racehorses in 6 imaging sessions over a period of 3 months. Temperature measurements of the forelimb and hindlimb joints were made before and just after training. Joint temperature of limbs increased significantly after training. Environmental temperature had a statistically significant influence on surface temperature over the joints. The lowest surface temperatures were recorded over the metacarpophalangeal and metatarsophalangeal joint and the highest temperatures in the shoulder, elbow, hip and stifle joint. The metacarpophalangeal and metatarsophalangeal joints warmed the least during training, but were influenced the most by differences in environmental temperature. The surface temperature difference before and after training is an important indicator of the thermoregulatory response to exercise in racing horses. Understanding surface temperature changes in response to regular training is necessary for future studies on diagnosing injuries of joints.
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Bibliography

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Soroko M, Howell K, Dudek K (2017b) The effect of ambient temperature on infrared thermographic images of joints in the distal forelimbs of healthy racehorses. J Therm Biol 66: 63-67.
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Authors and Affiliations

M. Soroko
1
W. Górniak
2
M. Godlewska
1
K. Howell
3

  1. Institute of Animal Breeding, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chelmonskiego 38C, 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland
  2. Department of Automotive Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Na Grobli 13, 50-421 Wroclaw, Poland
  3. Microvascular Diagnostics, Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, Royal Free Hospital, Pond Street, London NW3 2QG, UK
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Abstract

Objective: The current study aims to investigate, which of the factors are directly and indirectly associated with disordered eating in a non-clinical population of university students in Slovakia. Methods: 302 university students (52.3% female, M age=21) filled in a questionnaire assessing the perceived pressure to be thin, the internalization of appearance ideals, disordered eating, satisfaction of basic psychological needs and the regulation of exercise. The hypothesized model was tested with a parallel multiple mediation analysis using PROCESS macro.
Results: The pressure to be thin from partner, the internalization of appearance ideals and the controlled regulation of exercise were directly associated with disordered eating. The pressure to be thin from media was indirectly associated with disordered eating through the internalization of appearance ideals. The pressure to be thin from partner and from family as well as satisfaction of the need for competence were indirectly associated with disordered eating through the controlled regulation of exercise.
Conclusions: The results of the current study support the focus of the existing eating disorder interventions at decreasing the internalization of sociocultural appearance ideals. The results suggest the usefulness of incorporating the promotion of autonomous regulation of behaviour, especially with regard to exercising, within the prevention and intervention field.
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Authors and Affiliations

Eva Paulisova
1
ORCID: ORCID
Olga Orosova
2
ORCID: ORCID
Lucia Barbierik
2

  1. Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice, Faculty of Arts, Department of Psychology, Kosice
  2. Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice, Faculty of Arts, Department of Educational Psychology and Psychology of Health, Kosice
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Abstract

The adaptation response of myocardium angiogenesis stimulated by specific exercise intensities remains unclear. The aims of this study is to explore the effect of different intensities aerobic exercise to cardiac angiogenesis regulation via HIF-1α, PGC-1α, VEGF, and CD34+ in Wistar rats. Wistar rats were divided into control and exercise groups. Exercise groups were trained on a treadmill for 12 weeks, 30 min/day for 5 days with low, moderate, and high-intensity groups. The rats were sacrificed, and the myocardium was collected and preserved at -80°C until used. Cardiac protein samples were extracted and run for Western blotting using the specific antibodies: hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α, Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and Cluster of differentiation 34 (CD34+). Results showed that protein expression of HIF-1α, PGC-1α, VEGF, and CD34+ was increased significantly by different intensities in the exercise group compared to the control. A correlation statistics test showed that there was a strong correlation effect of HIF-1α on VEGF protein expression in low (p=0.047) and high intensity exercise groups (p=0.009), but no effect was found in the moderate groups. In addition, there was a significant strong effect of PGC-1α on VEGF protein expression in the moderate groups (p=0.037), but no effect was found in other groups. In conclusion, different exercise intensities induce a different modulation pattern of proteins which might be responsible for cardiac adaptation, especially angiogenesis.
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Authors and Affiliations

N. Sylviana
1 2
H. Goenawan
1 2
Y. Susanti
1 2
R. Lesmana
1 2
I. Megantara
1 2
Setiawan
1

  1. Physiology Division, Biomedical Sciences Department Faculty Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Jawa Barat, Indonesia
  2. Physiology Molecular Laboratory, Biological Activity Division, Central Laboratories, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Jawa Barat, Indonesia
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Abstract

The article presents methodological assumptions for textbooks aimed at Polish‑speaking students who study Ukrainian as part of a philological degree course. Particular attention has been paid to the inclusion of cultural context, the aim of which is not only to diversify strictly linguistic tasks, but above all to introduce the student to the world of a different culture.
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Authors and Affiliations

Iryna Kononenko
1
ORCID: ORCID
Irena Mytnik
1
Svitlana Romaniuk
1

  1. Uniwersytet Warszawski, Warszawa
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Abstract

Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is a disease of multifactorial etiology and a complex of symptoms, related to disorders of the masticatory muscles, temporomandibular joints and the surround-ing orofacial structures. One of the main problems in the course of TMD disorders is the systematic increase in the tension of the masticatory muscles (masseter muscles, temporalis and medial and lateral pterygoid muscles), what is the cause of many damages and the development of pathological conditions in the stomatognathic system.
The article discusses the differences in the structure of the masticatory and skeletal muscles, as well as the different nature and isoforms of myosin, which determines the much faster generation of contraction in the masticatory muscles and consequently easier generation of excessive, harmful tensions in the masti-catory muscles.
The article describes the causes of increased tension in the masticatory muscles and methods of their relaxation used in the basic and supportive treatment of temporomandibular disorders. The use of occlusal splints, physiotherapeutic procedures and TMD treatment with botulinum toxin type A were character-ized. A role of psychological support and the methods used for patients with TMD were emphasized.
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Authors and Affiliations

Małgorzata Pihut
1
Magdalena Orczykowska
1
Piotr Ceranowicz
2
Ilona Korzonek
3
Andrzej Gala
1

  1. Prosthodontic and Orthodontic Department Dental Institute, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
  2. Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
  3. Department of Nutrition-Related Disease Prevention, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland

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