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Number of results: 17
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Abstract

The powerful tool for defect analysis is an expert system. It is a computer programme based on the knowledge of experts for solving the

quality of castings. We present the expert system developed in the VSB-Technical University of Ostrava called ‘ESWOD’. The ESWOD

programme consists of three separate modules: identification, diagnosis / causes and prevention / remedy. The identification of casting

defects in the actual form of the system is based on their visual aspect.

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Authors and Affiliations

T. Elbel
Y. Králová
J. Hampl
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Abstract

The generic mathematical model and computational algorithm considering hydrodynamics, heat and mass transfer processes during casting

and forming steel ingots and castings are offered. Usage domains for turbulent, convective and non-convective models are determined

depending on ingot geometry and thermal overheating of the poured melt. The expert system is developed, enabling to choose a

mathematical model depending on the physical statement of a problem.

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Authors and Affiliations

V.I. Bondarenko
V.V. Bilousov
F.V. Nedopekin
J.I. Shalapko
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Abstract

The article describes a shock safety modeling method for low-voltage electric devices, based on using a Bayesian network. This method allows for taking into account all possible combinations of the reliability and unreliability states for the shock protection elements under concern. The developed method allows for investigating electric shock incidents, analysing and assessing shock risks, as well as for determining criteria of dimensioning shock protection means, also with respect to reliability of the particular shock protection elements. Dependencies for determining and analysing the probability of appearance of reliability states of protection as well as an electric shock risk are presented in the article.
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Authors and Affiliations

Włodzimierz Korniluk
Dariusz Sajewicz
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Abstract

The article presents a shock safety model of an indirect contact with a low-voltage electric device. This model was used for computations and analyses concerning the following: the probabilities of appearance of the particular shock protection unreliability states, electric shock states (ventricular fibrillation), contributions of the unreliability of different shock protection elements to the probability of occurrence of these states, as well as the risk of electric shock (and the shock safety), and contributions of the intensity of occurrence of damages to different shock protection elements to this risk. An example of a possibility to reduce the risk of an electric shock through changing the intensity of occurrence of damages to the selected protection elements was provided.

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Authors and Affiliations

Włodzimierz Korniluk
Dariusz Sajewicz
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Abstract

In recent years, interest in the problem of expert knowledge has intensified among social scientists. One of the topics more frequently addressed in this context is the relationship between experts and laypeople. This paper examines this issue from the perspective of the concept of epistemic dependence formulated by John Hardwig. I argue that this concept poses a severe challenge to the vision of scientific inquiry dominant in the scientific literature and to the democratic idea of politics. I examine three strategies encountered in the literature for responding to this challenge: individualist, institutional, and epistocratic. Alvin Goldman advocates the first one, as he presents strategies at the disposal of a layman facing two conflicting expert opinions. The second is the belief in the scientific community’s potential to resolve all controversies and protect non-specialists from confronting them. The third is to eliminate epistemic dependence by including only those with sufficient practical experience in expert discussions. In the end, I conclude that the problem of epistemic dependence has no suitable solution. We should place our hopes only with strategies for circumventing it rather than confronting it.
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Authors and Affiliations

Janusz Grygieńć
1

  1. Instytut Filozofii, Wydział Filozofii i Nauk Społecznych, Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu, ul. Fosa Staromiejska 1a, Toruń
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Abstract

The text is dedicated to the outstanding Polish researcher of proper names — prof. Aleksandra Cieślikowa, author and co-author of many significant monographs and onomasticons, which went beyond the limits of previous onomastic studies. The most important, selected her scientific achievements and expert activities at the Polish Language Council and the Commission on Names of Localities and Physiographic Objects were presented.

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Authors and Affiliations

Ewa Wolnicz-Pawłowska
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Abstract

The article presents the results of research carried out in construction companies among employees involved in the organisation and management of construction projects. The research concerned factors and their impact on decisions regarding the planning of quantitative employment workforce at a construction site. Based on individual assessments of individual factors, average assessments were calculated and hierarchies of the factors examined were made. In the second part of the article, the dispersion coefficient of relative classification was used to assess the reliability of the opinions collected. The content presented is a continuation of the work of the authors on the subject of employment planning at the construction site.

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Authors and Affiliations

Edyta Plebankiewicz
ORCID: ORCID
Agnieszka Leśniak
ORCID: ORCID
Patrycja Karcińska
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Abstract

In these considerations, I undertake a polemic with thinking based on the assumption that the value of scientific achievements can be measured with almost mathematical accuracy and give fully reliable point indicators for them. It is not only part of those who introduce the current reform of higher education and science in Poland, but also experts who support them, as well as some representatives of science and natural sciences. This thinking was called point syndrome and expert syndrome. Although it was diagnosed as a manifestation of academic disease a few years ago, it still not only finds its supporters, but also translates into activities, which in some scholars cause astonishment, in others indignation, and still strong opposition in others.

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Authors and Affiliations

Zbigniew Drozdowicz
ORCID: ORCID
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Abstract

The article presents conceptions and theories of expert knowledge, as well as discussions on the epistemological status of expert knowledge, cognitive competences falling within the scope of expertise and expert authority. They are treated as a kind of extra-institutional knowledge, referring only to a small extent to the scientific knowledge and academic circles. The positions of Alvin Goldman, Harry Collins and R. Evans, Z. Majdik and W. Keith, T. Burge and J. Shanteau on the validity of expert knowledge and methods of its justification are presented. The paper points to the problematic nature and certain limitations of the traditional perspective on the credibility of expert knowledge and expert authority. On the example of the phenomenon of the autism spectrum and traditional judgments about it—in particular, expert opinions issued about people covered by it, as well as common opinions and stereotypes— the discussion on the changes taking place in this field of knowledge and social practice is presented. Conceptions of expertise by experience in the subject of autism are discussed, including the so-called self-advocacy and self-advocacy scientists. These new cognitive attitudes and social functions of autism spectrum experts are also analyzed from the point of view of the epistemological credibility of this type of knowledge and competence.
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Authors and Affiliations

Maciej Wodziński
1
Marek Hetmański
2

  1. Szkoła Doktorska Nauk Humanistycznych UMCS, Pl. M.Curie-Skłodowskiej 4, 20-031 Lublin
  2. Instytut Filozofii UMCS, Pl. M. Curie-Skłodowskiej 4, 20-031 Lublin
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Abstract

The article deals with the features and characteristics of intelligent systems for modelling business processes. Their classification was made and criteria for comparison were developed. According to the comparative analysis of existing expert systems for intelligent analysis, a reasonable choice of system for modelling business processes of a particular enterprise has been carried out. In general, it was found that the introduction of intelligent systems for modelling business processes of the enterprise and forecasting its activities for future allows management of the company to obtain relevant and necessary information for the adoption of effective management decisions and the development of a strategic plan.
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Bibliography

[1] B. V. Kuzmenko, and O. A. Chaikovska, “The systems of artificial intelligence,” Kyiv, Alterpres, 2006.
[2] H. F. Ivanchenko,“The systems of artificial intelligence,” Kyiv, KNEU, 2011.
[3] D. F. Liuher, “The artificial intelligence: strategies and methods of solving difficult issues,” Moscow, Vyliams (in Russian), 2003, pp. 866.
[4] A. A. Emelianov, E. A. Vlasova, and R. V. Duma, “Simulation modeling of economic systems,” Moscow, Finansy i statistika (in Russian), 2002.
[5] D. Waterman, “Guide to expert systems,” Moscow, Myr, 1989.
[6] A. A. Barsehian, M. S. Kupryianov, V. V. Stepanenko, and Y. Y. Kholod, “Methods and models of data analysis: OLAP and Data Mining,” St-Petersburg, BKhV, 2004.
[7] V. Mashkov and A. Smolarz and V. Lytvynenko, “The problem of system fault-tolerance,” Informatyka Automatyka Pomiary w Gospodarce i Ochronie Środowiska (IAPGOŚ), 4(4), pp. 41-44, 2014.
[8] Z. Omiotek and W. Wójcik, “The use of Hellwig's method for dimension reduction in feature space of thyroid ultrasound images,” Informatyka, Automatyka, Pomiary w Gospodarce i Ochronie Środowiska, 4(3), pp. 14-17, 2014.
[9] P. V. Poliakov, and S. A. Korobov, “Software tools for developing business plans: Project Expert system,” Volhohrad, vol. HU, pp. 48, 2004.
[10] H. S. Prokudin, M. T. Dekhtiaru, “Simulation modeling in informational systems,” Kyiv: NTU., no. 9, pp. 181–189, 2004.
[11] A. P. Rotshtein, and H. B. Rakytyanska, “Diagnosis problem solving using fuzzy relations,” IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 664-675, 2008.
[12] S. I. Vyatkin, A. N. Romanyuk, and Z. Y. Gotra, “Offsetting, relations, and blending with perturbation functions,” Proc. of SPIE 10445, 2017.
[13] L. I. Timchenko, S. V. Pavlov, N. I. Kokryatskaya, et al. “Bio-inspired approach to multistage image processing,” Proc. of SPIE 10445, 2017.
[14] M. F. Kirichenko, Yu. V. Krak, A. A. Polishchuk, “Pseudo inverse and projective matrices in problems of synthesis of functional transformers,” Kibernetika i Sistemnyj Analiz, vol. 40, no. 3, pp. 116-129, 2004.
[15] K. G. Selivanova, O. G. Avrunin and S. M. Zlepko, “Quality improvement of diagnosis of the electromyography data based on statistical characteristics of the measured signals,” Proc. of SPIE 10031, 2016.
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Authors and Affiliations

Svetlana A. Yaremko
1
Elena M. Kuzmina
1
Nataliia B. Savina
2
Konrad Gromaszek
3
Bakhyt Yeraliyeva
4
Gauhar Borankulova
4

  1. Vinnytsia Institute of Trade and Economics of Kyiv National University of Trade and Economics, Ukraine
  2. National University of Water and Environmental Engineering, Rivne, Ukraine
  3. Lublin University of Technology, Lublin, Poland
  4. Taraz State University after M.Kh.Dulaty, Taraz, Kazakhstan
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Abstract

At the beginning of the year 2024, 65 years will have passed since the establishment of the Chamber of Experts of the Association of Polish Electrical Engineers (SEP). During this period, SEP underwent significant changes. Particularly serious changes in the conditions for practicing association expertises have occurred in recent years, along with dynamic economic and political changes in Poland. Expertise is strongly based on economic conditions and the ways in which scientific, technical and industrial competences are expanded and available in the society. In the past, these highest competencies were quite strictly limited to well-organized professional communities related to scientific and technical associations such as SEP, and federal bodies such as NOT. Competencies were also generated in the best industrial centres associated with academic polytechnic centres. Today the role of expertises in electrical, electronics and ICT engineering is undergoing significant changes.
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Authors and Affiliations

Maria Zastawny
1
Andrzej Skorupski
2
Ryszard S. Romaniuk
2

  1. SEP
  2. WUT, Poland
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Abstract

As one of the key techniques in the fully mechanized mining process, equipment selection and matching has a great effect on security, production and efficiency. The selection and matching of fully mechanized mining equipment in thin coal seam are restricted by many factors. In fully mechanized mining (FMM) faced in thin coal seams (TCS), to counter the problems existing in equipment selection, such as many the parameters concerned and low automation, an expert system (ES) of equipment selection for fully mechanized mining longwall face was established. A database for the equipment selection and matching expert system in thin coal seam, fully mechanized mining face has been established. Meanwhile, a decision-making software matching the ES was developed. Based on several real world examples, the reliability and technical risks of the results from the ES was discussed. Compared with the field applications, the shearer selection from the ES is reliable. However, some small deviations existed in the hydraulic support and scraper conveyor selection. Then, the ES was further improved. As a result, equipment selection in fully mechanized mining longwall face called 4301 in the Liangshuijing coal mine was carried out by the improved ES. Equipment selection results of the interface in the improved ES is consistent with the design proposal of the 4301 FMM working face. The reliability of the improved ES can meet the requirements of the engineering. It promotes the intelligent and efficient mining of coal resources in China.

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Authors and Affiliations

Chen Wang
ORCID: ORCID
Jie Chen
Cheng Liu
Chengyu Jiang
ORCID: ORCID
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Abstract

We aimed to investigate whether educational activities in the form of guided tours through an exhibition change the appreciation of art when young experts (i.e. first-years students of artistic faculties) view contemporary art in a gallery. Participants viewed and assessed the artworks presented at the gallery twice – before and after taking part in a guided tour led by a gallery educator. The guide-led tour increased both understanding and ratings (the hedonic value) of the artworks, which is consistent with the “effort after meaning” hypothesis and also with the model of aesthetic appreciation and aesthetic judgments. Our results suggest that the reception of works of art by young experts is changed when they are under the influence of extensive contextual information.

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Authors and Affiliations

Magdalena Szubielska
Agata Sztorc
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Abstract

Eye tracking recordings could reveal the visual behavior for different cartographic visualization techniques, such as hill-shading, while at the same time eye tracking metrics (ETMs) can summarize the associated complexity levels in a concise and quantitative manner. In the present study, three different hill-shading methods, including: (i) the standard method based on ideal diffuse reflection, (ii) the Multidirectional Oblique- Weighted method – MDOW and (iii) the combination of a MDOW’s variation with standard hill-shading, are evaluated and ranked in terms of their perceived visual complexity. The performed examination is based on both eye tracking techniques and expert judgement procedures. A weighted combination of basic ETMs has been used, implemented by the Landscape Rating Index – LRI. The weights resulted from an experts’ judgement process where the opinions of experts in geoinformatics, cartography, geovisualization, experimental psychology, cognitive science, neuroscience and eye tracking were analyzed. Fifteen (15) individuals participated in an eye tracking experiment with hill-shading images produced by the three methods under evaluation, while 41 experts participated in an online questionnaire in order to collect all the analysis data. The final evaluation was based on the computation of three LRI models. The outcomes indicate that implementing hill-shading with more than one light sources results in similar perceptual behaviors, allowing for a seamless exploitation of the advantages of using multidirectional illumination.
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Authors and Affiliations

Nikolaos Tzelepis
1
ORCID: ORCID
Alexandra Kaliakouda
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Vassilios Krassanakis
3
ORCID: ORCID
Loukas-Moysis Misthos
1 3
ORCID: ORCID
Byron Nakos
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. National Technical University of Athens, School of Rural and Surveying Engineering, Athens, Greece
  2. KTH Royal Institute of Technology, School of Architecture and Built Environment, Stocholm, Sweden
  3. University of West Attica, Department of Surveying and Geoinformatics Engineering, Athens, Greece
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Abstract

Construction contracts are susceptible to disputes as they regulate very complex multi-party relationships. Previous studies not only fail to aptly outline the distinction between “conflict” and “dispute”, but also fail to adequately study the causes of construction disputes in-light of project delivery systems. The present research aims at assessing the causes and settlement mechanisms of construction disputes in Design-Bid-Build (DBB) and Design-Build (DB) delivery systems with a view to add evidence to the existing knowledge. Accordingly, four most relevant causes of construction disputes identified from previous works of literature were incorporated in a questionnaire survey to determine their frequency of occurrence in the two delivery systems. The Relative Important Index (RII) of the four direct causes of construction disputes computed by SPSS software revealed that, in DBB contracts, the frequency of occurrence of disputable claims (unsettled claims for money/extension of time) has RII = 0.794969/0.777358, project delay has RII = 0.708176, and poor quality of work has RII = 0.469182. In DB contracts, the frequency of occurrence of disputable claims has RII = 0.533333/0.515723, project delay has RII = 0.495597, and poor quality of work has RII = 0.465409. The RII values proved that, DBB projects are significantly prone to disputes than DB projects. Furthermore, qualitative data obtained from road and building project reports exposed that DBB projects are exceedingly prone to disputes because they are frequently vulnerable to an increase in the volume of work due to frequent change orders and design deficiencies. The research further found out that, despite a clear proscription in the laws of the land, there is a routine out of court settlement of public construction disputes in Ethiopia.
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Authors and Affiliations

Sintayehu Kebede
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Heilongjiang University, College of Law, Heilongjiang Province, Harbin City, People’s Republic of China
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Abstract

In this article, I reflect on recent discussions of the methodological status of scientific knowledge within and outside the Academy. I draw attention to the problem of declining public trust in science (risk and fear society) and the phenomenon of post-truth. In the context of these issues, I present three positions whose authors define the relationship between official academic science in relation to other forms of knowledge (lay people) and forms of knowledge use outside the Academy (politics). The first position termed “elective modernism” was formulated by Harry Collins and Robert Evans in the context of discussions of the third wave of science disputes. Elective modernism defines the way in which policy decisions are made on the recommendations of scholars who have a methodological self-awareness of the possibilities and limitations of scientific knowledge. The second position is Steve Fuller's proposal of protestant science as a form of science in the context of posttruth conditions. In this view, knowledge can be produced by anyone, but it must meet certain specified scientific criteria. The third position is the view of expert knowledge proposed by Mark R. Brown, as a representation of various worldview or cultural options, whose representatives commission experts to make appropriate recommendations for certain political decisions.
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Authors and Affiliations

Rafał Paweł Wierzchosławski
1

  1. Liberal Arts and Sciences, Collegium Historicum UAM, Poznań

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