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An analysis of acoustic climate of an area situated near the expressway, which is a part of international route north- south running through central Europe

Zbigniew Łukasik Aldona Kuśmińska-Fijałkowska Jacek Kozyra Sylwia Olszańska

Archives of Civil Engineering | 2021 | vol. 67 | No 3 | 455-467 | DOI: 10.24425/ace.2021.138065

Keywords road transport expressway acoustic climate traffic noise

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Abstract

The effectiveness of applied means of traffic noise protection can be determined through examining acoustic climate of the areas located near the communication routes. It allows to determine sound level in a specific area and determine the extent that its inhabitants are exposed to the effects of noise. The research and the analysis of the acoustic climate were carried out in the town of Podszosie, located in the vicinity of the S7 expressway. The aim of the research was: to determine the level of noise emitted by traffic on the S7 expressway, to determine the effectiveness of noise barriers installed in a given area, to determine the sound level in the vicinity of properties located in Podszosie, to determine whether the noise level in Podszosie is normal. The conducted research allowed the authors to determine the sound level prevailing in the study area, and to what extent its inhabitants are exposed to the effects of noise and how to prevent it. Showing the scale of the problem posed by noise from road transport. In addition to carrying out activities aimed at reducing its level, society should also be made aware of the harmful effects of its impact.

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Authors and Affiliations

Zbigniew Łukasik

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Aldona Kuśmińska-Fijałkowska

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Jacek Kozyra

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Sylwia Olszańska

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Faculty of Transport, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Kazimierz Pulaski University of Technology and Humanities in Radom, Radom, Poland
Chair of Logistics and Process Engineering, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, Rzeszow, Poland

Analysis of the influence of warning sounds in expressway tunnels on the mental state and attention of the driver

Yao Xiao Bo Liang Tao Wang Jiaan Niu Shiyong He

Archives of Civil Engineering | 2023 | vol. 69 | No 2 | 623-636 | DOI: 10.24425/ace.2023.145288

Keywords warning sound expressway tunnel mental states visual characteristics

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Abstract

In recent years, some expressway tunnels have started broadcasting warning sounds, such as fire alarms, to improve driver attention and traffic safety. However, there is few research on it, and in contrast to previous studies, we have considered different evaluation indices and through field measurement to determine the effectiveness of this practice. The characteristics of three warning sound signals, i.e., fire alarm, dynamic music, and voice command, in a tunnel were analyzed usingMATLAB. Considering pupil diameter and blink duration as evaluation indexes, the change in the mental state of the driver after hearing a warning sound was analyzed. Based on Markov chain theory, the change in the gaze region and gaze shift of the driver under the condition of a warning sound was analyzed. Results shows fire alarms and voice commands can increase the mental load of drivers, but the degree of impact was not determined. Dynamic music does not affect the mental load of the driver. The fire alarm and dynamic music attracted the attention of the driver; conversely, as the voice command warns the driver to focus on safety, it did not impact the attention of the driver. The research results provide a scientific reference for the selection of warning sounds in expressway tunnels and new research ideas for the prevention of traffic injuries in expressway tunnels.

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Authors and Affiliations

Yao Xiao

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Bo Liang

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Tao Wang

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Jiaan Niu

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Shiyong He

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Chongqing Jiaotong University, School of Civil Engineering, Chongqing Rail Transit (Group) Co., Ltd, Xuefu Avenue 66, Nanan District, Chongqing, China
Chongqing Jiaotong University, School of Civil Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Mountain Bridge and Tunnel Engineering, Xuefu Avenue 66, Nanan District, Chongqing, China
Chongqing Industrial School, Hualongqiong, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
Chongqing Jiaotong University, School of Civil Engineering, Xuefu Avenue 66, Nanan District, Chongqing, China

Analyzing rear-end crash severity for a mountainous expressway in China via a classification and regression tree with random forest approach

Yonggang Wang Xianyu Luo

Archives of Civil Engineering | 2021 | vol. 67 | No 4 | 591-604 | DOI: 10.24425/ace.2021.138520

Keywords rear-end accidents mountainous expressway accident severity CART model random forest

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Abstract

To understand the contributory factors to rear-end accident severity on mountainous expressways, a total of 1039 rear-end accidents, occurring on G5 Jingkun Expressway from Hechizhai to Qipanguan in Shaanxi, China over the period of 2012 to 2017, were collected, and a non-parametric Classification and Regression Tree (CART) model was used to explore the relationship between severity outcomes and driver factors, vehicle characteristics, roadway geometry and environmental conditions. Then the random forest model was introduced to examine the accuracy of variable selection and rank their importance. The results show that driver’s risky driving behaviours, vehicle type, radius of curve, angle of deflection, type of vertical curve, time, season, and weather are significantly associated with rear-end accident severity. Speeding and driving while drunk and fatigued are more prone to result in severe consequences for such accidents and driving while fatigued is found to have the highest fatality probability, especially during the night period (18:00–24:00). The involvement of heavy trucks increases the injury probability significantly, but decreases the fatality probability. In addition, adverse weather and sharp curve with radius less than 1000mare the most risk combination of factors. These findings can help agencies more effectively establish stricter regulations, adopt technical measures and strengthen safety education to ensure driver’s driving safety on mountainous expressways for today and tomorrow.

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Authors and Affiliations

Yonggang Wang

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Xianyu Luo

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Chang’an University, College of Transportation Engineering, Middle Section of South 2 Ring Rd., Xi’an 710064, Shaanxi, China

Development of the New Polish Method for Capacity Analysis of Motorways and Expressways

Piotr Olszewski Tomasz Dybicz Wojciech Kustra Aleksandra Romanowska Kazimierz Jamroz Krzysztof Ostrowski

Archives of Civil Engineering | Vol. 66 | No 4 | 453-470 | DOI: 10.24425/ace.2020.135231

Keywords capacity analysis motorways expressways Van Aerde model free flow speed level of service

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The paper presents development of the new Polish method for performing capacity analysis of basic segments of dual carriageway roads (motorways and expressways). The method is based on field traffic surveys conducted at 30 motorway and expressway sites (class A and S roads) in Poland. Traffic flows, composition and travel times were observed in 15-min intervals at each site using ANPR filming method. These data were used to calibrate a family of traffic speed-flow relationships for different roads, based on Van Aerde model. Free flow speed of traffic and road class are the basic parameters defining the speed-flow relationship and the value of capacity per lane in pcu/h. Traffic density was adopted as the measure of effectiveness for defining the level of service. The paper describes derivation of formulae for estimation of free flow speed for different types of roads as well as determination of equivalent factors for converting vehicles to passenger car units. The method allows us to determine capacity and the level of service based on existing or forecasted traffic flow.

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Piotr Olszewski

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Tomasz Dybicz

Wojciech Kustra

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Aleksandra Romanowska

Kazimierz Jamroz

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Krzysztof Ostrowski

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An analysis of acoustic climate of an area situated near the expressway, which is a part of international route north- south running through central Europe

Abstract

Bibliography

Authors and Affiliations

Analysis of the influence of warning sounds in expressway tunnels on the mental state and attention of the driver

Abstract

Authors and Affiliations

Analyzing rear-end crash severity for a mountainous expressway in China via a classification and regression tree with random forest approach

Abstract

Authors and Affiliations

Development of the New Polish Method for Capacity Analysis of Motorways and Expressways

Abstract

Authors and Affiliations