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Number of results: 10
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Abstract

The embryology of three polar flowering plants of the family Caryophyllaceae was studied using the methods and techniques of the light, normal and fluorescence microscopes, and the electron microscopes, scanning and transmission. The analyzed species were Colobanthus quitensis of West Antarctic (King George Island, South Shetlands Islands) as well as Cerastium alpinum and Silene involucrata of the Arctic (Spitsbergen, Svalbard). In all evaluated species, flowering responses were adapted to the short Arctic and Australian summer, and adaptations to autogamy and anemogamy were also observed. The microsporangia of the analyzed plants produced small numbers of microspore mother cells that were differentiated into a dozen or dozens of trinucleate pollen grains. The majority of mature pollen grains remained inside microsporangia and germinated in the thecae. The monosporous Polygonum type (the most common type in angiosperms) of embryo sac development was observed in the studied species. The egg apparatus had an egg cell and two synergids with typical polarization. A well-developed filiform apparatus was differentiated in the micropylar end of the synergids. In mature diaspores of the analyzed plants of the family Caryophyllaceae, a large and peripherally located embryo was, in most part, adjacent to perisperm cells filled with reserve substances, whereas the radicle was surrounded by micropylar endosperm composed of a single layer of cells with thick, intensely stained cytoplasm, organelles and reserve substances. The testae of the analyzed plants were characterized by species-specific primary and secondary sculpture, and they contained large amounts of osmophilic material with varied density. Seeds of C. quitensis, C. alpinum and S. involucrata are very small, light and compact shaped.
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Authors and Affiliations

Wioleta Kellmann-Sopyła
Irena Giełwanowska
Justyna Koc
Ryszard J. Górecki
Marcin Domaciuk
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Abstract

The embryology of two species, Deschampsia antarctica , a native species, and Poa annua , an alien species in the Antarctic we studied. Flowering buds of plants growing in their natural habitats on King George Island and generative tissues of both plant species grown in a greenhouse were analyzed. Adaptations to autogamy and anemogamy were observed in the flower anatomy of both species. The microsporangia of the evaluated grasses produce a small number of three−celled pollen grains. Numerous pollen grains do not leave the microsporangium and germinate in the thecae. Deschampsia antarctica and P. annua plants harvested in Antarctica developed a particularly small number of microspores in pollen chambers. In D. antarctica , male gametophytes were produced at a faster rate: generative cells in pollen did not become detached from the wall of the pollen grain, they were not embedded in the cytoplasm of vegetative cells, and they divided into two sperm cells situated close to the wall. The monosporous Polygonum type of embryo sac development was observed in the studied species. The egg apparatus had typical polarization, and the filiform apparatus did not develop in synergids. Large antipodals with polyploidal nuclei were formed in the embryo sacs of D. antarctica and P. annua . Poa annua was characterized by numerous antipodal cells which formed antipodal tissue in the chalazal region of the embryo sac. Three distinct antipodals with atypical, lateral position in the vicinity of the egg apparatus were observed in D. antarctica. The diaspores of the investigated grass species were characterized by small size, low weight and species−specific primary and secondary sculpture of the testa and caryopsis coat.
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Authors and Affiliations

Irena Giełwanowska
Wioleta Kellmann-Sopyła
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Abstract

Palace-and park complexes play very important role in the art of gardening. Contemporarily, they draw from historic experience, taking into account also modern solutions. Nowadays, to raise the value of the above mentioned objects, elements enlivening the given area – compositions made of flowers. Part of flower beds reconstruct historic layouts, others are new elements designed to add additional aesthetic value.

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Authors and Affiliations

Bożena Łebzuch
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Abstract

The excessive use of chemical products to control thrips and the tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) is not only harmful to human health, the environment, and biodiversity, but also the resistance these generate in insects turns them inefficient in the long run. Consequently, to achieve sustainable and residue-free production, control alternatives must be explored. This work proposes the use of Beauveria bassiana (BB) in combination with inter-row cover (IC) to reduce the population of thrips and the incidence of TSWV on bell pepper. For this purpose, a trial was carried out in a bell pepper greenhouse, consisting of four randomly distributed treatments with four repetitions of 66 plants each. The treatments assayed were: T (without BB inoculation or IC), TC (without BB inoculation and with IC), B (inoculated with BB), and BC (inoculated with BB and IC). The B. bassiana CEP147 strain was used based on its effectiveness in previous laboratory tests. After detecting one thrips per flower, five foliar spray applications were made at weekly intervals. The trial lasted 4 months. During this time, the number of thrips in the three central plants of each repetition, the presence of symptoms compatible with TSWV, as well as the number of fruits, and their weight, length, width and health were monitored weekly. Between the fourth and sixth weeks after the last application, a significant reduction in the population of total thrips (nymphs + + adults) was observed in both treatments B and BC compared to T and TC. In addition, plants with symptoms compatible with TSWV were very scarce, and the fruits showed significant differences in their quality parameters, producing the longest and heaviest in the BC treatment. The results showed that combining biological and cultural control makes sustainable pepper production possible.
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Authors and Affiliations

María Emilia dos Santos Domingues
1
ORCID: ORCID
Mariana Del Pino
2
ORCID: ORCID
Andrea Vanesa Toledo
3
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Curso de Prácticas Profesionales I, Universidad Nacional Arturo Jauretche, Buenos Aires, Argentina
  2. Curso de Horticultura y Floricultura, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
  3. Centro de Investigaciones de Fitopatología (CIDEFI-CICBA), Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Abstract

The main pathogen that deteriorates the quality of rose flowers during the postharvest stage belongs to the fungal genus Botrytis. The chemical products used to control the disease caused by this pathogen have been losing effectiveness due to the appearance of resistance. The present study describes the in vitro and in vivo fungicidal activity of Pelargonium graveolens essential oil and its chemical composition. The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation, and the in vitro fungicidal activity was determined by agar diffusion assays, showing 100% of fungal growth inhibition at 250 ppm. In vivo assays were performed on Rosa grandiflora flowers treated with 250 ppm of P. graveolens essential oil, using distillate water as a positive control and the commercial fungicide carbendazim as a negative one. No significant differences were obtained between the treatment with the essential oil and the treatment with the commercial fungicide. The chemical profile of the essential oil was determined by GC-MS. The main compounds detected were geraniol (24.89%), citronellol (19.50%), linalool (10.92%) and γ-eudesmol (8.93%). These results encourage the possible use of P. graveolens essential oil for the control of B. cinerea in rose flowers.
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Authors and Affiliations

María Inés Stegmayer
1
ORCID: ORCID
Norma Hortensia Álvarez
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Néstor Gaspar Sager
2
ORCID: ORCID
Marcela Alejandra Buyatti
2
ORCID: ORCID
Marcos Gabriel Derita
1 3
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Producción y Protección Vegetal, ICiAgro Litoral, UNL, CONICET, FCA, Argentina
  2. Cultivos Intensivos, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
  3. Farmacognosia, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
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Abstract

All plants contain varying levels of phenolic acids (metabolites) thus playing an important role in resistance mechanisms as constituents of cell walls, as constitutive antimicrobial compounds of plants or induced in response to infection against many diseases, in particular fusarium head blight caused by Fusarium species. To this end, the objective of this research was to study the variation in phenolic acid composition during the kinetics of filling wheat grains, in order to determine the best variety resistant to fusarium head blight. For this purpose, free and bound phenolic analyses were carried out by HPLC-DAD on five durum wheat varieties at the stage 5 to 8 days after the flowering stage (early grains). We showed that at the level of the samples analyzed, several phenolic acids were present at different concentrations, but others were absent [ cis-ferulic acid (free phenolic acid), and sinapic acid (bound phenolic acid)]. The results also showed that the content of bound phenolic acids was much higher than that of free phenolic acids in all varieties. In addition, these phenolic acids existed in free soluble form or were mostly present in insoluble form bound to cell walls. For free acids, the results showed that significant amounts of transferulic acid were detected in comparison to all free phenolic acids (56.72 μg · g –1 DM for G10). For bound acids, ferulic acid is the main bound phenolic acid which has much higher levels (4913.92 μg · g –1 DM for G1), followed by p-coumaric acid (3098.99 μg · g–1 DM for G1). Moreover, the sum of monomers (bound acids) was much higher than that of dehydrodiferulic acids (DiFA).
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Authors and Affiliations

Salah Hadjout
1 2
Mohamed Zouidi
1
Saïfi Merdas
1

  1. Centre de Recherche en Aménagement du Territoire, CRAT, Campus Universitaire Zouaghi Slimane, Constantine, Algérie
  2. Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique, ENSA, El-Harrach, Alger, Algérie
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Abstract

In order to solve the problem of harmonic waves caused by battery energy storage (BES) and distributed generation (DG) inverters in an active distribution network, an intelligent optimal dispatching method based on a modified flower pollination algorithm (MFPA) is proposed. Firstly, the active distribution network dispatching model considering the power quality (PQ) problem caused by BES and DG is proposed. In this model, the objective function considers the additional network loss caused by a harmonic wave, as well as the constraints of the harmonic wave and voltage unbalance. Then, the MFPA is an improvement of a flower pollination algorithm (FPA). Because the MFPA has the characteristics of higher solution accuracy and better convergence than the FPA and it is not easy to fall into local optimal, the MFPA is used to solve the proposed model. Finally, simulation experiments are carried out on IEEE 37 bus and IEEE 123 bus systems, respectively. The experimental results show that this method can achieve satisfactory power quality while optimizing the total active power loss of the branch. The comparative experimental results show that the developed algorithm has better convergence than the FPA.

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Authors and Affiliations

Haiqing Liu
Jinmeng Qu
Shanshan Yang
Yuancheng Li
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Abstract

The next issue of the Dictionary of folk stereotypes and symbols, published in Lublin under the editorship of Prof. E. Bartminski, is dedicated to the theme Flowers. Unlike many types of plants, whose cultural semantics "superimpose" on their practical significance in human life, flowers have an almost exclusively symbolic function – they serve as a decoration of the home space and a means of marking persons and objects that perform special ceremonial roles.

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Authors and Affiliations

Светлана М. Толстая
ORCID: ORCID
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Abstract

The rose flea beetle, RFB (Luperomorpha xanthodera Fairmaire 1888) is a new flower pest in Europe. In 2012, it was brought accidentally to central Poland. To search for this introduced species in the area adjacent to the site of the first finding, 29 plant species belonging to five botanical families (Lamiaceae, Brassicaceae, Asteraceae, Plantaginaceae, Crassulaceae) were monitored over a 3-year-long study (2016−2018). RFB were found on 11 herbaceous/ ornamental plant species (Lamiaceae, Brassicaceae, Asteraceae) along with feeding damage to the flowers. White mustard (Sinapis alba L., Brassicaceae), hyssop (L.), and Monarda spp. (Lamiaceae) were its most preferred host plants. In each season, RFB females preferred host plants which bloomed abundantly and vividly. However, among the examined plant species there was a large variation in the year-to-year RFB abundance. Over the examined period the RFB extended its abundance exponentially, and its population survived and established itself in the area. The general sex ratio of the beetles was strongly female biased. In the female pool, females with conspicuously swollen abdomens predominated. The results of our study provide more insight into RFB behaviour, its establishment and spreading into new areas. To support the evidence for the RFB risk factor as an agricultural/ horticultural pest, further research should focus on the beetles’ biology, reproductive tactics, larval host plant preference, larva-inflicted damage and harmfulness, the impact of the RFB on the native fauna, as well as its further local and distant migration propensity. Presently our knowledge about these aspects is still fragmentary.

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Authors and Affiliations

Ewa Anna Sady
Małgorzata Kiełkiewicz
Marek Wojciech Kozłowski
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Abstract

This article presents the results of a search aimed at identifying the original publication details of Maria Konopnicka's reportages included in Ludzie i rzeczy ( People and Things), a book of her short stories and journalism published in 1898. It has been found that “Na kwiatowej giełdzie” (The Flower Festival [in Nice]) was published in Kurier Warszawski, 1893, No. 103–104; “Akwileja” (Aquileia [Italy]) in Kurier Warszawski, 1895, No. 103, pp. 5–6, while “Po drodze” (On the way [Admont Abbey, Austria]) was originally published in Wędrowiec, 1892 (No. 46–50), and “Chryzantemy” (Chrysanthe-mums) in Kurier Warszawski, 1894, No. 1. A discussion of the motif of flowers and flower shows is based on these and Konopnicka's other texts. In her work flowers functioned as a visual representation of thought, which enabled her to establish a connection between nature, human beings and culture (whose development was conditioned by the economy).
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Bibliography

Bibliografia

● M. Konopnicka, Akwileja „Kurierze Warszawskim” 1895, nr 103.
● M. Konopnicka, Chryzantemy, „Kurier Warszawski” 1894, nr 1.
● M.K. [M. Konopnicka], Kwiaty jako środek wychowawczy, „Świt: Część Modna i Gospodarczo-Przemysłowa” 1885, nr 45.
● M.K. [M. Konopnicka], Nizza: Korespondencja własna „Kuriera Warszawskiego”, „Kurier Warszawski” 1893, nr 103–104.
● M. Konopnicka, Pisma zebrane, pod redakcją A. Brodzkiej. 4. Nowele T. IV: Opowiadania, szkice, obrazki: Ludzie i rzeczy, Na normandzkim brzegu oraz inne opowiadania, Warszawa 1976.
● M. Konopnicka, Po drodze „Wędrowiec” 1892 (nr 46–50).
● M.K. [M. Konopnicka], Warszawskie i paryskie kwiaty, „Świt: Część Modna i Gospodarczo--Przemysłowa” 1885, nr 45.

Opracowania

● Biliński B., Marii Konopnickiej Kolumbowe reportaże z „Uroczystości imienia Kolumba” (Genua 1892), [w:] Maria Konopnicka: Nowe studia i szkice, red. J.Z. Białek T. Budrewicz, Kraków 1995, s. 19–38
● Baculewski J., Maria Konopnicka, Warszawa 1978.
● Bobrowska B., „Wilno i Werki” – czyli Konopnickiej wędrówka po ziemi i niebie, [w:] Miejsca Konopnickiej – przeżycia – pejzaż – pamięć, red. T. Budrewicz, M. Zięba, Kraków 2002, s. 101–111.
● Bordzoł P., Odwrócone decorum. „Obrazki więzienne” i „Za kratą Marii Konopnickiej, [w:] Etnos i Psyche w twórczości Marii Konopnickiej i Elizy Orzeszkowej, red. G. Marchwiński i D.M. Osiński, Warszawa 2012, s. 77–96.
● Czapczyński T., Tułacze lata Marii Konopnickiej: Przyczynki do biografii, Łódź 1957.
● Chyra-Rolicz Z., Maria Konopnicka: Opowieść o niezwykłej kobiecie, Siedlce 2012.
● Konopnicka M., Listy do synów i córek, Opracowała, wstępem i przypisami opatrzyła L. Magnone, Warszawa 2010.
● Rejter A., Jednorodność stylistyczna tekstu a problem złożoności gatunku mowy (Na przykładzie „Listów z podróży” Marii Konopnickiej), „Poradnik Językowy” 1996, nr 7, s. 59–67;
● Sikora I., Przyroda i wyobraźnia: O symbolice roślinnej w poezji Młodej Polski, Wrocław 1992
● Skotnicka G., Marii Konopnickiej relacja z pewnej podróży, [w:] Maria Konopnicka: Nowe studia i szkice, red. J.Z. Białek T. Budrewicz, Kraków 1995, s. 39–49.
● Sztachelska J., „Reporteryje” i reportaże: dokumentarne tradycje polskiej prozy 2 poł. XIX i na początku XX wieku (Prus – Konopnicka – Dygasiński – Reymont), Białystok 1997.
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Authors and Affiliations

Tadeusz Budrewicz
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Uniwersytet Pedagogiczny im. KEN w Krakowie

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