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Abstract

The reviewed book was written basing on Piotr Szlanta’s habilitation thesis defended in 2015 at the University of Warsaw. It deals mainly with “the Polish question”, by describing the relations between Emperor Wilhelm II and his Polish subjects. The title deals with stereotypes of the Emperor and his Polish subjects, and its evolution during subsequent decades. Piotr Szlanta managed to grasp the ambiguous relation between these two sides. On the one hand, the Emperor sought for acceptance and recognition from the side of “his Poles”, on the other hand, he underlined on almost every occasion the historical role of Germans in civilising east territories and its inhabitants. The last attempt of gaining support of Poles towards his politics and himself was an attempt of creating “The Kingdom of Poland” in autumn 1916. Piotr Szlanta’s book, basing on a broad research in various archives managed to highlight this complicated chapter of Polish-German relations.

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Authors and Affiliations

Jens Boysen
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Abstract

In the fi rst half of the 20th century, the German historiography of medicine created genuine ideas of methodology of research on the history of the medical sciences and medicinal practice. They were a continuation of the native historiographic tradition which was present in German university didactics and literature about the history of medicine in the 19th century. The uniqueness of German anti-positivist methodologies was based on a perception of cultural context in the genesis of medical theories and doctrines. They were researching cultural factors in the overall structure and analysing their infl uence on academics’ and common folk’s perception. There were two rival methodological trends — neoromantic and sociocultural ones, and the second gained wider infl uence in the historiography of medicine. The sociocultural trend had a few research schools, among them: Kulturgeschichte der Medizin, Sozialgeschichte der Medizin and Alltagsgeschichte der Medizin. The main purpose of this paper is to show the genesis of German anti-positivist trends in 20th century, the most important achievements of sociocultural historiography in Germany till 1933 and after 1945, and its infl uence on the standard American historiography of medicine in 20th century. The paper also presents a wide range of literature printed in both Germany and USA about the aforementioned historiographic trends.

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Authors and Affiliations

Bożena Płonka-Syroka
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Abstract

For many centuries, Upper Silesia was the scene of intensive language contact between a continuum of West Slavic dialects (or the Polish and Czech languages) and German colonists, mainly in the 13th century. The process of colonisation under German town law led to the establishment of hundreds of new towns and villages, some with German names. The oldest historical sources for Upper Silesia are Liber fundationis episcopatus Vratislaviensis (Book of endowments of the Bishopric of Wrocław), dating back to c 1305, as well as registers of such endowments from c 1325. German medieval place names in Upper Silesia are a minority, and no such town names can be found in many areas. This article is an analysis of the percentage of German place names in relation to all place names [in Upper Silesia]. It defines the areas with the largest number of such names and contains a linguistic analysis of the names. Interestingly, the area with the largest number of German place names is the Duchy of Teschen, with the castellany of Oświęcim (which was once part of the Duchy of Teschen), the neighbouring part of the Duchy of Racibórz and the western part of the Duchy of Opole. In the Duchy of Bytom (the Siewierz part of which no longer belongs to Upper Silesia), German place names were not very common. For the areas covered by the Diocese of Kraków, the names of parish priests are known as well. The presence of the German name of parish priests in towns and villages with German place names half a century from their establishment indicates that German people may have lived there, especially because it is certain in some cases that they did.

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Authors and Affiliations

Grzegorz Chromik
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Abstract

Purpose: To assess the initial therapy of chronic superficial keratitis (CSK) in dogs with the use of dexamethasone and cyclosporine/ dimethyl sulfoxide combination eye drops.
Methods: The study was conducted on 41 dogs – 16 males and 25 females, aged 2 to 9 years, diagnosed with CSK. The disease was treated with two kinds of eye drops containing 0.1% dexamethasone and 0.75% cyclosporine in combination with 30% DMSO, administered three times a day. Prior to the treatment and after 5 weeks of therapy, depigmentation of the third eyelid margin, corneal neovascularization and pigmentation were assessed. The percentage of the corneal surface afflicted with inflammatory processes was calculated with the use of IsoCalc.com’s Get Area software for CorelDRAW12.
Results: The administered therapy resulted in a significant decrease in the mean number of quadrants affected by corneal neovascularization in the right eye from 2.63 prior to treatment to 0.24 after treatment (p<0.001), and the left eye from 2.66 to 0.59 (p<0.001), respectively. Mean corneal surface afflicted with inflammatory processes was statistically significantly reduced from 53.5% to 26.3% (p<0.001) in the case of right corneas, and from 54.5% to 30.2% (p<0.001) in the case of left corneas. Of 77 corneas diagnosed with pigmentation, pigmentation reduction was observed in 54 and pigmentation increase in 27.
Conclusions: Using dexamethasone and cyclosporine/DMSO combination eye drops proved to be a viable initial therapy against CSK, which facilitates reduction of inflammatory processes and neovascularization atrophy, but in many cases does not inhibit the progress of pigmentation.
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Bibliography


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Balicki I (2008) Current methods of diagnosis and therapy of chronic superficial keratitis in dogs. Med Weter 64: 40-44.
Balicki I (2012) Clinical study on the application of tacro- limus and DMSO in the treatment of chronic superficial keratitis in dogs. Pol J Vet Sci 15: 667-676.
Balicki I, Trbolova A (2010) Clinical evaluation of tacrolimus eye drops for chronic superficial keratitis treatment in dogs. Bull Vet Inst Puławy 54: 251-258.
Bigelbach A (1994) Topical use of cyclosporine in the treatment of corticosteroid resistant cases of chronic superficial keratitis (Uberreiter) and plasma cell infiltration of the nictitating membrane. Europ J Comp Anim Pract 38: 271-280.
Binnick SA, Shore SS, Corman A, Fleischmajer R (1977) Failure of dimethyl sulfoxide in the treatment of scleroderma. Arch Dermatol 113: 1398-1402.
Brayton CF (1986) Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO): a review. Cornell Vet 76: 61-90.
Chandler HL, Kusewitt DF, Colitz CM (2008) Modulation of matrix metalloproteinases by ultraviolet radiation in the canine cornea. Vet Ophthalmol 11: 135-144.
Del Maestro R, Thaw HH, Björk J, Planker M, Arfors KE (1980) Free radicals as mediators of tissue injury. Acta Physiol Scand Suppl 492: 43-57.
Denk N, Fritsche J, Reese S (2011) The effect of UV-blocking contact lenses as a therapy for canine chronic superficial keratitis. Vet Ophthalmol 14: 186-194.
Jokinen P, Rusanen EM, Kennedy LJ, Lohi H (2011) MHC class II risk haplotype associated with canine chronic superficial keratitis in German Shepherd dogs. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 140: 37-41.
Joseph MA, Kaufman HE, Insler M (2005) Topical tacrolimus ointment for treatment of refractory anterior segment inflammatory disorders. Cornea 24: 417-420.
Kawa P (1997) Research on the influence of agents inhibiting the activity and formation of oxygen free radicals on the healing of an experi-mental corneal ulcer. Doctoral Thesis, AM Lublin, Poland.
Maibach HI, Feldmann RJ (1967) The effect of DMSO on percutaneous penetration of hydrocortisone and testosterone in man. Ann N Y Acad Sci 141: 423-427.
Nell B, Walde I, Billich A, Vit P, Meingassner JG (2005) The effect of topical pimecrolimus on keratoconjunctivitis sicca and chronic superfi-cial keratitis in dogs: results from an exploratory study. Vet Ophthalmol 8: 39-46.
Parrilha LR, Nai GA, Giuffrida R, Barbero RC, Padovani LD, Pereira RH, Silva DA, Silva MC, Diniz MS, Andrade SF (2015) Comparison of 1% cyclosporine eye drops in olive oil and in linseed oil to treat experimentally-induced keratoconjunctivitis sicca in rabbits. Arq Bras Oftalmol 78: 295-299.
Rawls WF, Cox L, Rovner ES (2017) Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as intravesical therapy for interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome: A review. Neurourol Urodyn 36: 1677-1684.
Sanchez RF, Dawson C, Matas Riera M, Escanilla N (2016) Preliminary results of a prospective study of inter- and intra-user variability of the Royal Veterinary College corneal clarity score (RVC-CCS) for use in veterinary practice. Vet Ophthalmol 19: 313-318.
Sanchez S, Studer M, Currin P, Barlett P, Bounous D (2001) Listeria keratitis in a horse. Vet Ophthalmol 4: 217-219.
Slatter DH, Lavach JD, Severin GA, Young S (1977) Uberreteiter’s syndrome (chronic superficial keratitis) in dogs in the Rocky Mountain area – a study of 463 cases. J Small Anim Pract 18: 757-772.
Toczołowski J, Wolski T, Klamut-Sory K (1992) Effect of drugs inhibiting the formation of hydroxide radicals on healing of experimental corneal ulcer. Klin Oczna 94: 83-85.
Williams DL (1997) A comparative approach to topical cyclosporine therapy. Eye (Lond) 11: 453-464.
Williams DL (2005) Major histocompatibility class II expression in the normal canine cornea and in canine chronic superficial keratitis. Vet Ophthalmol 8: 395-400.
Williams DL, Hoey AJ, Smitherman P (1995) Comparison of topical cyclosporin and dexamethasone for the treatment of chronic superficial keratitis in dogs. Vet Rec 137: 635-639.
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Authors and Affiliations

I. Balicki
1
M. Szadkowski
1
A. Balicka
2
J. Zwolska
1

  1. Department and Clinic of Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Poland
  2. Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Slovakia
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Abstract

In the article the Slavic term * ǫb(ъ)lъ ‘source, spring; well’ is analyzed from the point of view of its word-formation and etymology. The discussion of preceding etymologies leads to the formulation of a new etymology, based on the internal analysis of * ǫ-b(ъ)lъ ‘source, spring; well’ as * n̥-bl̥o ‘unmuddy’ = ‘clear (water)’. The identified cognates in Baltic * balā, Germanic * pōla-, and possibly Continental Celtic * bolā, all ‘swamp, marsh’, imply the initial, ‘non-Indo-European’, * b-. Finally, it is tested, if the etymon could represent an extension in -l- from the root * gu̯ebh- ‘marsh, swamp’ in the zero-grade of ablaut. The answer is ‘yes’.
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Authors and Affiliations

Václav Blažek
1

  1. Department of Linguistics & Baltic Studies, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republik
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Abstract

The article treats of one of the most innovative series in the Polish humanities after the 1945, the Poznań German Library. The series is a scientific-editorial project initiated 1996 to introduce readers in Poland (both specialists and nonspecialists) into the most important questions of German history, sociology, political science etc. in the 18th, 19th, 20th and 21st century.

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Authors and Affiliations

Łukasz Musiał
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Abstract

The essence of the “border problem” between Poland and the FRG reaches back to the provisions of the Potsdam Agreement of 1945. The Polish position was unambiguous from the beginning: the border on the Odra and Nysa Łużycka rivers was established under international law in the Potsdam Agreement, while the subsequent actions undertaken within the framework of the “peace settlement” could only have complementary, declaratory significance. On the other hand, in the FRG an official legal position was developed according to which the former eastern German territories were only given to Poland (and the USSR) “under their administration”, and the final decision on the border was left to be taken by the future unified Germany in a “peace treaty” or a “peace settlement”. This position was not changed by the Normalization Treaty between Poland and the FRG of 1970, because it was interpreted in the FRG as only a “treaty about the renunciation of force”, an element of a modus vivendi which was to last until the unification of Germany. On the other hand, the Zgorzelec Treaty of 1950 between Poland and the GDR was interpreted as not binding for the future unified Germany. Such a position deeply destabilized political relations between the FRG and Poland in the post-war period and had a conflict-generating significance in a number of areas. At the beginning of 1990 the political changes in Poland coincided with the process of German unification. The democratic opposition in Poland, and thereafter the government of Tadeusz Mazowiecki, unequivocally supported the right of the German people to self-determination, at the same time expecting an unequivocal position on the Polish-German border. This fundamental problem was closed in 1990 under two international agreements: the Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany (2+4 Treaty) and the Treaty between the Federal Republic of Germany (united Germany) and the Republic of Poland on the confirmation of the border between them. Thus for thirty-plus years now the “border problem” has been removed from the agenda of political discussions in Polish-German relations, which proves the effectiveness and durability of the agreement reached, which was reflected in both treaties.
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Authors and Affiliations

Jan Barcz
1 2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Professor of International Law and the Law of EU, Kozminski University (Warsaw)
  2. Member of the Team Europe (Poland) and the Conference of the Ambassadors of the Republic of Poland
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Abstract

This article presents a media-studies profile of the bilingual periodical Dialog. Magazyn Polsko-Niemiecki / Dialog. Deutsch-Polnisches Magazin, which is the biggest project of this kind in Europe. In spite of occasional problems with funding, it has been around without a break since 1987. Committed to the goal of building a better understanding between two nations torn apart by war and strife, the editors have opened their magazine to all aspects — political, cultural and economic — of Polish-German relations.

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Authors and Affiliations

Paulina Olechowska
ORCID: ORCID
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Abstract

This article explores whether the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) is identical with pre-war Germany. The question is relevant for the understanding of the 1970 Treaty of Warsaw, because in the event it is identical, the FRG would be the predecessor State of Poland with regard to the former German territories east of the Oder-Neisse line and, therefore, competent to renounce any territorial title. By contrast, in the case of non-identity the FRG would only have been a third State with regard to these territories. However, even in case of identity, the scope of the Treaty of Warsaw seems ambiguous due to Allied reservations. Hence, it was wise to confirm the transfer of sovereignty in 1990.
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Authors and Affiliations

Robert Uerpmann-Wittzack
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Professor of Public and International Law, University of Regensburg
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Abstract

The hydronym Szywra refers to the small river in the Warta basin flowing in the central part of Greater Poland. Although its name remained unclear for most of the researchers, it was believed to be of Pre-Slavic or Balto-Slavic origin. The paper reveals that these hypotheses were based on the wrong interpretation of the source material, and provides a new etymology for the name Szywra. Based on the critical analysis of all of the reachable records of names referring to the river Szywra, it has been proven that its Polish name is an adaptation of the former German name Schieferbach. Such a process was possible due to the long-term bilingual situation in the region of Greater Poland.

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Authors and Affiliations

Paweł Swoboda
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Abstract

The author analyses neologisms of M. Sholokhov in relation to their translation into the German language. Then the quality of the translation is determined. In order to evaluate the translations three criteria are adopted: the degree of semantic closeness between the newly created units and their translation equivalents, their expressiveness and vividness. Based on these criteria the author evaluates the accuracy of the German translations.

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Authors and Affiliations

Marek Marszałek
ORCID: ORCID
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Abstract

Émile Verhaeren was one of the most important poets of the Leopoldine generation in Belgium, and a committed art critic. His career started in 1881 with his apprenticeship with Edmond Picard in Brussels, the leader of the group of artists, writers and activists who sought to liberate Belgian public life from the undue influence of Paris. His articles published in many Belgian journals were collected and published by Paul Aron in 1997 in the volume titled Écrits sur l’art (1881–1916). Their analysis carried out in comparison with his poetic texts allows us to see him as an artist open to new aesthetic ideas and an activist fighting for freedom of expression in art. The key aspect of Verhaeren’s approach towards painting and literature is the recognition and better appreciation of the Early Flemish painting tradition as the basis to create the identity of the Belgians. His views on art inseparable from the construction of a national identity can be interpreted as a part of the Norse mythology developed by another important Belgian writer, Maurice Maeterlinck in the manuscript from 1888 called Cahier Bleu.
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Bibliography

Antwerp, story of a metropolis. 16th–17th century. Antwerp, Hessenhuis 25 June – 10 October 1993, red. Jan van der Stock, Gent 1993.

Biron Michel, La modernité belge. Littérature et société, Montréal 1994.

Bizek-Tatara Renata, Quaghebeur Marc, Teklik Joanna, Zbierska-Mościcka Judyta, Belgiem być. Fikcja i tożsamość we francuskojęzycznej literaturze Belgii (od końca XIX do początku XXI wieku), Kraków 2017.

Gerard Harry, La vie et l’oeuvre de Maurice Maeterlinck, Paris 1932.

Ghil René, De la poésie-scientifique & autres écrits, Textes choisis, présentés et annotés par Jean-Pierre Bobillot, Grenoble 2008, https://books.google.pl/books?hl=pl&lr=&id=dkrU6Any1csC&oi=fnd&pg=PA5&dq=de+la+poesie+ scientifique+ghil&ots=lZximYmGhc&sig=JMt2uvcwmKErp48m4tYNI3aKPmA&redir_esc=y#v=onepage& q&f=false (dostęp: 15 V 2021).

Fin de siècle et Symbolisme en Belgique. OEuvres poétiques: Théodore Hannon, Iwan Gilkin, Émile Verhaeren, Maurice Maeterlinck, Georges Rodenbach, Charles Van Lerberghe, Max Elskamp, Albert Mockel, red. Paul Gorceix, Bruxelles 1998.

Gorceix Paul, Les affinités allemandes dans l’oeuvre de Maurice Maeterlinck, Paris 1975.

Gorceix Paul, L’image de la germanité chez un belge, flamand de langue française. Maurice Maeterlinck (1862–1949), „Revue de littérature comparée”, 3, 2001, 299, s. 407, https://www.cairn.info/revue-de-litterature-comparee-2001-3-page–397.htm (dostęp: 26 V 2021).

Gullentops David, Émile Verhaeren inédit, Bruxelles 2015.

Gullentops David, La poésie d’Émile Verhaeren dans les périodiques belges, „Textyles”, 2017, 50–51, s. 11–12, https://doi.org/10.4000/textyles.2759 (dostęp: 15 VII 2020).

Huret Jules, Enquête sur l’évolution littéraire, Paris 1891, https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k49807k/f5.item.texteImage (dostęp: 25 V 2021).

Émile Verhaeren, red. Véronique Jago-Antoine, Marc Quaghebeur, Bruxelles 1994.

Émile Verhaeren, red. Peter-Eckhard Knabe, Raymond Trousson, Bruxelles 1984.

Lemonnier Camille, Nos Flamands, Bruxelles 1869, https://archive.org/details/nosflamands00lemo/page/n5/mode/2up?view=theater (dostęp: 25 V 2021).

Łaptos Józef, Historia Belgii, Wrocław 1995. Mockel Albert, Émile Verhaeren, poète de l’énergie, Paris 1933.

Nachtergaele Vic, La réception d’Émile Verhaeren en Flandre, „Revue belge de philologie et d’histoire”, 77, 1999, 3, s. 713–732.

Starkie Enid, Les sources du lyrisme dans la poésie d’Émile Verhaeren, Paris 1927.

Theis O.F., Émile Verhaeren, „The North American Review”, 198, 1913, 694, s. 354–364, https://www.jstor.org/stable/25120083?seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents (dostęp: 25 V 2021).

Verhaeren Émile, Écrits sur l’art (1881–1892), wyd. Paul Aron, Bruxelles 1997.

Zbierska-Mościcka Judyta, L’esthetique symboliste selon Charles Van Lerberghe, „Écho des études romanes”, 2, 2006, 1, s. 67–78.

Zweig Stefan, Émile Verhaeren, London 1914, http://www.gutenberg.org/files/35387/35387-h/35387-h.htm#LES_FLAMANDES (dostęp: 15 VII 2020).
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Authors and Affiliations

Marta Ścisło
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Uniwersytet Warszawski
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Abstract

Radosław Ptaszyński devoted over 700 pages of his book to Stanisław Stomma, a catholic intellectual who, during his life was confronted with two totalitarian systems, German Nazism and Soviet Communism. Stomma remains until today a symbol of „stommizm”. This name, created basing on a Stomma’s surname remains a symbol of political realism, and willingness of compromise (with direct limits), and accompanied by a strong moral integrity. Stomma, a devoted catholic played also an important role in the long process of Polish-German reconciliation. According to the Author “stommizm” itself can be recognised as a new kind of heroism, however remote from other well-known patterns of heroism.

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Authors and Affiliations

Robert Żurek
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Abstract

Teresa Willenborg’s book is devoted to analysis of the situation of the German population of former German territories which were granted to Poland in 1945 basing on diplomatic conferences of great powers: USA, Great Britain and the Soviet Union. Willenborg focuses on experiences of Germans who decided to remain in their hometowns and villages. The subject of her interest is here mainly a term of becoming ‘foreign’ and ‘solitare’ in their own homeland after 1945. Thanks to usage of various Polish and German sources the author managed to stress the fact, that the history of post-war expulsions and national minorities often requires a transnational approach.

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Authors and Affiliations

Jonathan Voges
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Abstract

The year 2000 was the year of the creation of ‘The Polish Library‘ also known as ‘Beauty Unknown‘. This year is the 20th anniversary of her birthday and at the same time a great opportunity to recall the creation content and promotion of this impressive 50 volume collection. The following article is dedicated to these events.

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Authors and Affiliations

Michał Jamiołkowski
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Abstract

The article examines the language biographies of two generations of a family of German origin in the Czech Republic from the end of World War II to the present day. The content analysis of the biographies is based on the application of the narrative interview method developed in qualitative sociology. The analysis of the data obtained by this method follows the stages in the language use of the two informants in coping with the challenge of the language policies of the state.

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Authors and Affiliations

Ingrid Hudabiunigg
Robert Marchl
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Abstract

In contrast to foreign combining forms, native combining forms are usually treated as elements on the margin of German word formation. At the same time the question is under discussion, how the notion of combining form has to be defined. Based on a semantically oriented notion, as presented in reference books, and using a large sample of items, it is argued that elements like SCHWIEGER(vater), STIEF- (kind), (Vogel)KUNDE, (Hallen)WART are just the often mentioned examples of a category with a broad range of elements and with communicative relevance. Native combining forms are not only remains of former language periods, but are permanently produced by language users in order to meet their communicative needs.
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Authors and Affiliations

Josef Schu
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Universität des Saarlandes, Saarbrücken
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Abstract

The aim of this paper is to analyse and interprete the prose text "Vor der Zunahme der Zeichen" by the young, German-speaking writer who as a child fled from the civil war in Sri Lanka. The paper provides an analysis of the contingency of language signs (like homeland, descent, native language, identity) which is a function of the experience of flight, exile, and live in the globalized and electronic media-dominated world. The central role in the novel is played by the relation between death and literary language and its communicative and perception function.

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Authors and Affiliations

Anna Rutka
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Abstract

Amongst the early variations of the so-called Otto-Adelheid-pennies are coins with five pellets within the church. They exist in two varieties in respect of the distribution of the four letters ODDO in the cross angles. It can be shown that both are from the same unlocalised mint. The number of dies is rather small and that the variety with O-O-D-D precedes O-D-D-O. Issuing must have started soon after 983/984 and probably was ended before c. 993.
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Authors and Affiliations

Peter Ilisch
1

  1. Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster
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Abstract

Five major phases of interrelation between the Bible and literature may be distinguished in German literary history. During the Middle Ages, when the Church and Christian faith played the dominant role, the Bible was treated in literary circles as a work in itself. Authors of the abundant biblical epic poetry, affirmatively paraphrasing Scripture texts, initiated the emergence and development of national literature. The works of that period had a propagandist character and served Christianization as well as the deepening of the faith. The original sense and meaning of the Bible was challenged - in the name of science and the social idea - during the period of the Enlightenment. The Bible seen as poetry endowed with wonderful rhythm, having powerful imaginative impact, and containing elements of Eastern folklore became popular and enjoyed its renaissance in the 19th century, mainly on Herder's account. Contemporary literature employs the language of the Bible not as ornamentation but as key element of poetic expression, and biblical characters serve either auto-reflection or the presentation of archaeological archetypes. 20th century German literature tends to have critical and negating biblical stylization. Such sty- lization results when the author's intentions and value system do not agree with what the biblical text contains, and when the word of God is used for the purpose of alienation and parody. Affirmative biblical stylization occurs sporadically in contemporary literature. The most common kind of biblical stylization, typical of modernist and postmodernist lyric poetry, is partial stylization, serving polemic purposes or alternative solutions.

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Authors and Affiliations

Marzena Górecka
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Abstract

This article presents an overview of German-language periodicals published in Stanisławów and Lwów in the first half of the 20th century. They reflect the cultural, social and religious diversity of the local German com- munity, for the most part descendants of migrants who came to Galicia after it was incorporated into the Aus- trian Empire at the end of the 18th century. The history of those publications and of the local German-speaking community came to end after the German attack on Poland in 1939 and the incorporation of eastern Galicia into the Soviet Union.
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Bibliography


Prasa
„Evangelisches Gemeindeblatt für Galizien und die Bukowina”, 1904‒1918.
„Evangelisches Gemeindeblatt. Amtliches Organ der evangelischen Kirchenbehörde”, 1920‒ 1939.
„Deutsches Volksblatt für Galizien”, 1907‒1918.
„Ost‑Deutsches Volksblatt”, 1922‒1939.
„Mennonitisches Gemeindeblatt für Österreich”, 1913‒1917, 1920‒1939.


Opracowania
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Bibliografia Historii Polski XIX i XX wieku, t. III: 1865–1918, wol. 3, red. D.U. Ścięgosz-Karpińska, Warszawa 2017.
Brożek A., Niemcy zagraniczni w polityce kolonizacji pruskich prowincji wschodnich 1886– 1918, Poznań 1989.
Das Deutschtum in Galizien. Seine geschichtliche Entwicklung und gegenwärtige Lage, Lemberg 1914.
Grodziski S., Historia ustroju społeczno‑politycznego Galicji 1772–1848, Wrocław i in.1971.
Heckel H., 10 Jahre „Ostdeutsches Volksblatt” — 25 Jahre „Deutsches Volksblatt”, „Ost- ‑Deutsches Volksblatt“. Jubiläums‑Ausgabe, nr 40, 2.10.1932, s. 2–3.
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Authors and Affiliations

Isabel Röskau-Rydel
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Instytut Neofilologii, Uniwersytet Pedagogiczny im. KEN, ul. Studencka 5 PL 30-116 Kraków
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Abstract

This article examines the coverage of German themes in Polish local press by focusing on a number of newspapers and periodicals published at Siedlce in the 1930s, i.e. Gazeta Podlaska, Nowa Gazeta Podlaska, Głos Podlaski, Ziemia Siedlecka, Wiadomości Diecezjalne Podlaskie and Życie Podlasia.

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Authors and Affiliations

Jarosław Cabaj
ORCID: ORCID
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Abstract

This article surveys the relations between the Polish Radio and the German Broadcasting Corporation (Reichs-Rundfunk-Gesellschaft) in the interwar period. In its early phase the relationship was overshadowed by disputes over programmes on Upper Silesia and the takeover by a German company of the radio station in the Free City of Gdańsk (Danzig). After Hitler became chancellor in 1933 there was a marked improve- ment in relations: the two parties even made an agreement to relay each other's programmes. However, in September 1939 the German radio network (RRG) actively aided the German army in its invasion of Poland.

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Authors and Affiliations

Sebastian Fikus
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Abstract

The article takes the renewed demands of the Polish government as an opportunity to examine the question of whether Germany is obliged to pay reparations to Poland. Based on an analysis of the international agreements concluded since 1945, it can be shown that the Polish government’s demands on Germany are unfounded.
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Authors and Affiliations

Stephan Hobe
1

  1. Professor, Dr. h.c., Director of the Institute for Air Law, Space Law and Cyber Law, University of Cologne (Cologne)

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