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SEDIMENTARY ENVIRONMENT OF THE EARLY PLEISTOCENE GRAVELS OF THE EDFU FORMATION FROM THE SAQQARA ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE (EGYPT) – PRELIMINARY RESULTS

Fabian Welc Urszula Czarniecka Anna Wysocka
Studia Quaternaria | 2016 | Vol. 33 | Iss. 1
Keywords gravels Edfu Pluvial Pleistocene Saqqara Egipt Egypt
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Authors and Affiliations

Fabian Welc
Urszula Czarniecka
Anna Wysocka

Undeveloped deposits of sand and gravel aggregates with potential strategic importance in Poland

Katarzyna Guzik Jarosław Kamyk Alicja Kot-Niewiadomska
Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi - Mineral Resources Management | 2024 | vol. 40 | No 1 | 105-124 | DOI: 10.24425/gsm.2024.149306
Keywords strategic deposits sand and gravel aggregate undeveloped deposits valorization
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Abstract

The paper presents the results of the valorization of sand and gravel aggregate deposits in Poland. The study aims to identify the most valuable deposits of potentially strategic importance that require protection. Undeveloped gravel deposits (gravel content above 70%) with resources exceeding 10 million tons and sand and gravel deposits (gravel content 25–70%) with resources above 20 million tons were selected for analysis. The valorization of deposits was carried out using two multi-criteria methodologies. The first of them was proposed by Nieć and Radwanek-Bąk (2013, 2014), while the second one was developed as part of the MINATU RA 2020 project (Galos et al. 2016). They include criteria regarding a degree of geological knowledge, raw material quality and quantity, mining attractiveness, and the accessibility of deposits for future exploitation resulting from environmental and land-use conditions. Out of 4,110 undeveloped deposits that constitute the national resource base for producing sand and gravel aggregates, only 8 gravel deposits and 64 sand and gravel deposits exceeded the threshold set for the volume of resources. As a result of the valorization, it was determined that most of the analyzed deposits, which can be considered as deposits of potentially strategic importance at the regional level, have limited availability due to environmental and land-use conditions. Only one gravel deposit and 7 sand and gravel deposits have simultaneously high resource quantity and quality and favorable geological and mining, environmental, and land-use conditions. The article also presents some recommendations regarding the need to adapt the valorization criteria to the specificity of deposits recognized for sand and gravel aggregate production.
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Authors and Affiliations

Katarzyna Guzik
1
ORCID: ORCID
Jarosław Kamyk
1
ORCID: ORCID
Alicja Kot-Niewiadomska
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Mineral and Energy Economy Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland

The gravel pit lakes’ water quality, their aquatic ecosystem function, and the effects of environmental changes in northern Poland

Tomasz Hetmański Anna Jarosiewicz Łukasz Jankowiak
Studia Quaternaria | 2023 | vol. 40 | No 2 | 57-66 | DOI: 10.24425/sq.No 2.148032
Keywords small water body amphibians anthropogenic pression sand/gravel pit
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Abstract

Water quality is an important factor to determine a development of living organisms, including the presence of amphibians. It this article we compared the water quality of both, natural infield reservoirs in areas with intensive cultivation of cereals and the recently created reservoirs in the gravel pits in Central Pomerania, northern Poland. We tested all the physico-chemical properties that may impact species richness and reproductive success of amphibians. We observed that gravel ponds were better oxygenated, with higher pH and conductivity, and were less fertile in nutrients. In Pomerania, the water reservoirs in gravel pits had better breeding conditions than in-field ponds with higher total nitrogen and total phosphorus concentrations. There are many scientific papers identifying a negative role of sand and gravel mines, including a release of heavy metals from sediments, a high non-metalic minerals concentration, a destruction of native species of vegetation and occurrence of alien species. Therefore, we should be careful in assessing the role of newly emerging reservoirs in sand and gravel mines. The purpose of our research is to show that sand/gravel mines can be used to protect nature and that they can have also a positive impact. Few previous studies indicate that they may be a favorable place for creating new breeding sites for amphibians, which may ultimately help to preserve species in the face of environmental pollution and climate change.
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Authors and Affiliations

Tomasz Hetmański
1
Anna Jarosiewicz
1
Łukasz Jankowiak
2
  1. Pomeranian University in Słupsk, Institute of Biology and Earth Science, Arciszewskiego 22a, 76-200 Słupsk, Poland
  2. Szczecin University, Institute of Biology, Wąska 13, 71-415 Szczecin, Poland

Species diversity of Arctic gravel beach: case study for species poor habitats

Marta Ronowicz
Polish Polar Research | 2005 | vol. 26 | No 4 | 287-297
Keywords Arctic Spitsbergen Hornsund fjord gravel beach macrofauna biodiversity
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Abstract

Intertidal zone of four gravel beaches in Hornsund Fjord (West Spitsbergen) were investigated in order to study macrofaunal distribution and diversity in these poor habitats. A total of 12 macrofaunal taxa were found in the collected material. The most frequent and the most abundant taxon was Lumbricillus sp. (Oligochaeta). The next most numerous group were juvenile Gammarus spp. juv. The fauna included also polychaetes, molluscs and other crustaceans. The diversity measured with Shannon-Weaver index was low and varied from 0 to 1.4. The analysis revealed that there were no statistically important differences in macrofaunal distribution among stations in fjord. However there were significant differences among various tidal mark zones and high patchiness in animals abundance at each station. Also species composition, density and biomass were diversified along the tide level profile.

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Authors and Affiliations

Marta Ronowicz

Experimental investigation into material characteristics of pea gravel

Jinliang Zhang Qiuxiang Huang Chao Hu Zhiqiang Wang
Archives of Civil Engineering | 2021 | vol. 67 | No 3 | 415-435 | DOI: 10.24425/ace.2021.138063
Keywords pea gravel morphological properties uncompacted void content compressive strength digital image processing shield TBM
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Abstract

Pea gravel is a kind of a coarse aggregate with a specific particle size used to fill the annular gap between the lining segments and the surrounding ground when tunnel construction with shield machines is performed in hard rock. The main purpose of the present study is to propose quantitative morphological indices of the pea gravel and to establish their relations with the void content of the aggregate and the compressive strength of the mixture of pea gravel and slurry (MPS). Results indicate that the pea gravel of the crushed rock generally have a larger void content than that of the river pebble, and the grain size has the highest influence on the void ratio. Elongation, roughness and angularity have moderate influences on the void ratio. The content of the oversize or undersize particles in the sample affects the void ratio of the granular assembly in a contrary way. The compressive strength of the MPS made with the river pebble is obviously smaller than that of the MPS made with the crushed rock. In the crushed rock samples, the compressive strength increases with the increase of the oversize particle content. The relations between the morphological properties and the void content, and the morphological properties and the compressive strength of the MPS are expressed as regression functions. The outcomes of this study would assist with quality assessments in TBM engineering for the selection of the pea gravel material and the prediction of the compressive strength of the MPS.
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Authors and Affiliations

Jinliang Zhang
1
Qiuxiang Huang
2
ORCID: ORCID
Chao Hu
2
Zhiqiang Wang
1
  1. Yellow River Engineering Consulting Co., Ltd. Zhengzhou, Henan, China
  2. State Key Lab of Geohazard Prevention and Environment Protection (SKLGP), Chengdu University of Technology (CDUT), Chengdu, Sichuan, China

Petrographic analyses and indicator erratics of gravels of the Odra lobe

Maria Górska-Zabielska Ryszard Zabielski
Studia Quaternaria | 2010 | Vol. 27 | 17-25
Keywords petrography of glacial gravels Scandinavian erratics Pomeranian phase Odra lobe north-eastern Germany north-western Poland
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Abstract

Fennoscandinavian erratics found in the glacial deposits till and in the glaciofluvial sediments within the main limit of the Odra glacier lobe (NW Poland and NE Germany), have been examined in two fractions: of 4-10 mm and 2060 mm. The most numerous in the fraction of 4-10 mm are: crystalline rocks (Cr; 35-40%) originating in the Protero zoic Baltic Shield as well as Lower Palaeozoic limestones (LPL; 35-40%) - from the sedimentary sheet covering the Proterozoic Baltic Shield in the area of central Baltic Sea. Percentage of sandstones (S) amounts to 10-15%. The re maining rock types (several percent each) are: Palaeozoic shales (PS), the outcrops of which are localized in Scania (Skane) and on Bornholm, Cretaceous limestones (CL) and flintstones (F) originating from the western part of the southern Baltic Sea as well as quartz (Q), milk quartz (MQ) and isolated grains of Devonian dolomites (DD). From the analysis of indicator erratics, which was carried out in the 20-60 mm fraction, it appears that mainly the outcrops localized in Smaland (e.g. red and grey Viixjo granites, Paskallavik porphyries or Tessini and Kalmarsund sandstones) as well as in Scania (Hoor and Hardeberga sandstones) and Region Blekinge-Bornholm (e.g. Karlshamn and Halen granites as well as Nexo and Bavnodde sandstones) had been subjected to the glacial plucking. Theoretical boulder centres (TBC, German: TGZ das Theoretische Geschiebezentrum, Uittig 1958), which were calculated for 23 samples, are localized mostly in a small area in Smiiland, between 15°E-16°E and 56.5°N-58.5°N. Apart from indicator erratics the statistical ones are numerous, that are first of all grey and red Lower Palaeozoic limestones with their outcrops localized at the bottom of the central Baltic Sea. Taking into account the TBC values of indicator erratics as well as high percentage of statistical erratics it can be pronounced that the section of central and western Baltic Sea as well as the one of south-eastern Sweden had been subjected to the heaviest glacial plucking by that part of the Pleistocene ice-sheet which reached the studied area during the Pomeranian Phase.

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Authors and Affiliations

Maria Górska-Zabielska
Ryszard Zabielski

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