Search results

Filters

  • Journals
  • Authors
  • Keywords
  • Date
  • Type

Search results

Number of results: 1
items per page: 25 50 75
Sort by:
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

Groundings are necessary parts included in lightning and shock protection. In the case of a surge current, high current phenomena are observed inside the grounding. They are result of the electrical discharges around the electrode when the critical field is exceeded in a soil. An available mathematical model of grounding was used to conduct computer simulations and to evaluate the influence of current peak value on horizontal grounding parameters in two cases. In the first simulations, electrode placed in two different soils were considered. The second case was a test of the influence of current peak value on grounding electrodes of various lengths. Simulation results show that as soil resistivity increases in value, the surge impedance to static resistance ratio decreases. In the case of grounding electrodes lengths, it was confirmed that there is a need to use an operating parameter named effective grounding electrode length, because when it is exceeded, the characteristics of grounding is not significantly improved during conductance of lightning surges. The mathematical model used in the paper was verified in a comparison with laboratory tests conducted by K.S. Stiefanow and with mathematical model described by L. Grcev.
Go to article

Bibliography

  1.  K. Aniserowicz, “Analytical calculations of surges caused by direct lightning strike to underground intrusion detection system” Bull. Pol. Acad. Sci. Tech. Sci. 67(2), 263‒269 (2019), doi: 10.24425/bpas.2019.128118.
  2.  S. Czapp and J. Guzinski, “Electric shock hazard in circuits with variable-speed drives”, Bull. Pol. Acad. Sci. Tech. Sci. 66(3) 361‒372 (2018), doi: 10.24425/123443.
  3.  G. Parise, L. Parise, and L. Martirano, “Intrinsically safe grounding systems and global grounding systems”, IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl. 54(1), 25‒31 (2018), doi: 10.1109/TIA.2017.2743074.
  4.  R.M. Miśkiewicz, P. Anczewski, and A. J. Morandowicz, “Analysis and investigations of inductive power transfer (IPT) systems in terms of efficiency and magnetic field distribution properties”, Bull. Pol. Acad. Sci. Tech. Sci. 67(4), 789‒797 (2019), doi: 10.24425/ bpasts.2019.130188.
  5.  S. Viscaro, “The use of the impulse impedance as a concise representation of grounding electrodes in lightning protection applications”, IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat. 60(5), 1602‒1605 (2018), doi: 10.1109/TEMC.2017.2788565.
  6.  K.S. Stiefanow, High Voltag Technique. 1st ed., Energy, pp. 380‒403, 1967. (orig.: К.С. Стефанов, Техника высоких напряжений, 1st ed, Энергия, pp. 380‒403, 1967).
  7.  L. Grcev, B. Markovski, V. Arnautovski-Toseva, and K.E.K. Drissi, “Transient analysis of grounding system without computer” in 2012 International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP), 2012, doi: 10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344412.
  8.  A. Geri, “Behaviour of grounding system exited by high impulse currents: the model and its validation”, IEEE Trans. Power Delivery 14(3), 1008‒1017 (1999), doi: 10.1109/61.772347.
  9.  S. Wojtas, “Ligtning impulse efficiency of horizontal earthings”, Electrical Review, 88(10b), 332‒334 (2012), [Online]. Available: pe.org. pl/abstract_pl.php?nid=6666 [Accessed: 13. Dec. 2020].
  10.  L. Grcev, “Modelling of grounding electrodes under lightning currents”, IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat. 51(3), 559‒571 (2009), doi: 10.1109/TEMC.2009.2025771.
  11.  J. Trifunovic and M.B. Kostic, “An alogirthm for estimating the grounding resistance of complex grounding systems including contact resistance”, IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron. 51(6), 5167‒5174 (2015), doi: 10.1109/TIA.2015.2429644.
  12.  D. Cavka, F. Rachidi, and D. Polijak, „On the concept of grounding impedance of multipoint grounding systems”, IEEE Electromagn. Compat. Mag. 56(6), 1540‒1544 (2014), doi: 10.1109/TEMC.2014.2341043.
  13.  R. Xiong, B. Chen Gao, Y. Yi, and W. Yang, “FDTD calculation model for tranient analyses of grounding systems”, IEEE Electromagn. Compat. Mag 56(5), 1155‒1162 (2014), doi: 10.1109/TEMC.2014.2313918.
  14.  A.F. Imece et al., “Modeling guidelines for fast front transients”, IEEE Trans. Power Delivery 11(1), 493‒506 (1996), doi: 10.1109/61.484134.
  15.  CIGRE, “Guide to procedures for estimating the lightning performance of transmission lines”, CIGRE Working Group 33.01 (Lightning) of Study Committee 33 (Overvoltage’s and Insulation Coordination), 1991. [Online]. Available: books.google.pl/books/about/Guide_to_ Procedures_for_Estimating_the_L.html?id=yFzqugAACAAJ&redir_esc=y [Accessed: 13. Dec. 2020].
  16.  M. Vasiliki and E. Pyrgioti, “Simulation of transient behavior of grounding grids” in 2010 International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP), 2010, doi: 10.1109/ICLP.2010.7845766.
  17.  A.G. Pedrosa, M.A. Schroeder, R.S. Alipio, and S. Visacro, “Influence of frequency dependant soil electrical parameters on the grounding response to lightning” in 2010 International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP), 2010, doi: 10.1109/ICLP.2010.7845953.
  18.  D.S. Gazzana, A.B. Trochoni, L.C. Leborgne, A.S. Betas, D.W.P Thomas, and C. Christopoulos, „An improved soil ionization representation to numerical simulation of impulsive grounding systems”, IEEE Trans. Magn. 54(3), 7200204 (2018), doi: 10.1109/TMAG.2017.2750019.
  19.  U.C. Resende, R. Alipio, and M. L.F. Oliviera, “Proposal for inclusion of the electrode radius in grounding systems analysis using interpolating element free Galerkin method”, IEEE Trans. Magn. 54(3), 7200304 (2018), doi: 10.1109/TMAG.2017.2771394.
  20.  M. Mokhtari and G.B. Gharehpetian, “Integration of energy balance of soil ionization in CIGRE grounding resistance model”, IEEE Electromagn. Compat. Mag. 60(2), 402‒413 (2018), doi: 10.1109/TEMC.2017.2731807.
  21.  O. Kherif, S. Chiheb, M. Teguar, A. Merkhaldi, and N. Harid, “Time-domain modeling of grounding systems’ impulse response incorporating nonlinear and frequency dependant aspects”, IEEE Electromagn. Compat. Mag. 60(4), 907‒916 (2018), doi: 10.1109/TEMC.2017.2751564.
  22.  S. Yang, W. Zhou, J. Huang, and J. Yu, “Investigation on impulse characteristics of full-scale grounding grid in substitution”, IEEE Electromagn. Compat. Mag. 60(6), 1993‒2001 (2018), doi: 10.1109/TEMC.2017.2762329.
  23.  E. Clavel, J. Roudet, J.M. Guichon, Z. Gouchiche, P. Joyeux, and A. Derbey, “A nonmashing approach for modeling grounding”, IEEE Electromagn. Compat. Mag. 60(3), 795‒802 (2018), doi: 10.1109/TEMC.2017.2743227.
  24.  R. Kosztaluk, M. Loboda, and D. Mukhedkar, „Experimental study of transient ground impedances”, IEEE Trans. Power Apparatus Syst. PAS-100(11), 4653‒4660 (1981), doi: 10.1109/TPAS.1981.316807.
  25.  F. Haidler and J. Cvetic, “A class of analytical functions to study lightning effects associated with the current front”, Eur. Trans. Electr. Power 12(2), 141‒150 (2002), doi: 10.1002/etep.4450120209.
  26.  S. Vujevic and D. Lovric, “Exponential approximation of the Heidler function for the reproduction of lightning current waveshapes”, Electr. Power Syst. Res. 80(10), 1293‒1298 (2010), doi: 10.1016/j.epsr.2010.04.012.
  27.  IEC, Protection against lightning – Part 1: General principles, IEC std. IEC 62305-1:2011. [Online]. Available: www.lsp-international. com/bs-en-62305-12011-protectionagainst-lightning-part-1-general-principles [Accessed: 13. Dec. 2020].
  28.  Cademce, “PSpice User’s Guide”, [Online]. Available: resources.pcb.candence.com/i/1180526-pspice-user-guide/20? [Accessed: 13. Dec. 2020].
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Artur Łukaszewski
1
ORCID: ORCID
Łukasz Nogal
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Electrical Power Engineering Institute, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warsaw, Poland

This page uses 'cookies'. Learn more